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Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Microbiology

... plants (Barbieri et al., 1986). However, it has not been possible so far to construct completely IAA-negative mutants. A strain with a knockout mutation in one of the key genes in IAA synthesis still produced detectable amounts of IAA (Hartmann and Zimmer, 1994). This led to the conclusion that ther ...
chapter 11
chapter 11

... PRACTICE PROBLEMS Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a disease caused by a missing phenylalanine-508 in a protein containing 1480 amino acids. The protein is necessary for chloride ions (Cl-) to pass through the cell membrane. The abnormal CF protein does not fold correctly as a result of the missing amino aci ...
Novel Expression Pattern of Cytosolic Gln
Novel Expression Pattern of Cytosolic Gln

... isoforms. Somewhat slow migration rates in the protein blot relative to predicted polypeptide size may be related to compounds from the nodule extract, differences in percentage of SDS or gel thickness, or buffers used for the extracts and the standards; we do not believe that they represent a signi ...
Green Fluorescent Protein
Green Fluorescent Protein

... • Re-engineered GFP with preferred human codon usage • 20 fold enhancement consistent with 20 fold increase of GFP protein levels • GFP mutants can fluoresce different colors and be used simultaneously to monitor independent events in cells • Some GFP mutants exhibit more rapid formation of fluoroph ...
Trade-offs between tRNA abundance and mRNA secondary
Trade-offs between tRNA abundance and mRNA secondary

... across both prokaryotes (Escherichia coli) and lower eukaryotes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with differing codon biases, also suggesting that the relationship is likely exploited by many organisms. Moreover, using randomized genome models and experimental expression data from a synonymous codon varia ...
Purification and Partial Characterization of a Latent Serine Protease
Purification and Partial Characterization of a Latent Serine Protease

... whose activity can be observed only after the incubation at 4 °c for about 3 weeks. Incubation for shorter periods can also result in the enzyme activation but to a lesser extent. No other treaments so far been tested can overcome the latency under condition without the incubation at 4 t . Therefore ...
Sequence Specific Modeling of E. coli Cell-Free Protein
Sequence Specific Modeling of E. coli Cell-Free Protein

... systems are used in a variety of applications ranging from therapeutic protein production (4) to synthetic biology (5). However, if CFPS is to become a mainstream technology for advanced applications such as point of care manufacturing (6), we must first understand the performance limits and costs o ...
[7] Semisynthesis of Proteins Containing Selenocysteine
[7] Semisynthesis of Proteins Containing Selenocysteine

... peptide ligation through a C-tenninal thioester and an N-tenninal cysteine residue (Fig. 1). Using this general method, we envision four distinct strategies for introducing selenocysteine into a protein, as summarized in Table I. 1. A peptide that contains an embedded selenocysteine residue and C-te ...
Characteristics of the gene encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) in Glycine max
Characteristics of the gene encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) in Glycine max

... carbenicillin and X-gal/IPTG. The white cell lines carrying P5CS gene was selected by colony-PCR with specific primer pairs P5CSfor/P5CSrev, choose positive results to culture and extract plasmids. To identify the inserted gene, plasmids were cut with BamHI restriction enzyme (the results are shown ...
Effect of surface hydrophobicity distribution on retention
Effect of surface hydrophobicity distribution on retention

... Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is an important technique for protein purification, which exploits the hydrophobic character of proteins promoting their separation based on hydrophobic interactions between stationary phase ligands and hydrophobic regions on the protein surface [1]. In H ...
Integrative Assignment - California State University
Integrative Assignment - California State University

... • Instead of using Google and the web, a better approach is to use the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. • NCBI is essentially “Google” for DNA and Protein sequences. ...
Effects of Long-Term Thyroid Hormone Level Alterations, n
Effects of Long-Term Thyroid Hormone Level Alterations, n

... testing whether muscle structure or fiber type composition as well as MyHC isoform composition, thermal sensitivity and mobile behavior will also change in rats. We use pravastatin, which is one of so-called acid statins (fluvastatin, pravastatin, cerivastatin) that directly inhibit the activity of ...
The maize ID1 flowering time regulator is a zinc finger protein with
The maize ID1 flowering time regulator is a zinc finger protein with

... The maize ID1 protein binds to a speci®c DNA sequence BLAST analysis of the maize id1 gene indicated that the deduced ID1 protein contains two zinc ®ngers similar to the Drosophila KruÈppel-like zinc ®ngersÐa C2H2 ®nger and the less prevalent C2HC zinc ®nger (14). The presence of zinc ®nger motifs a ...
Expression of the LXR Protein in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions
Expression of the LXR Protein in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions

... Objective—Liver X–activated receptor ␣ (LXR␣) regulates multiple genes controlling cholesterol metabolism and transport. To clarify its role in atherogenesis, we established a monoclonal antibody recognizing native human LXR␣ protein and studied the expression pattern in human atherosclerotic lesion ...
EXAM 1 learning objectives
EXAM 1 learning objectives

... Be able to use all forms of the Gibbs free energy Understand how the Gibbs free energy equation changes at equilibrium Be able to calculate Keq Understand energy coupling Describe why ATP is energy currency Describe the evolution of genetic information Describe the theory of “The RNA World” Describe ...
chemical modification of carboxylic groups
chemical modification of carboxylic groups

... Determination of the Mr values of polypeptides by using SDS/PAGE was first introduced, empirically, by Shapiro et al. (1967), and then developed and enlarged by Weber & Osborn (1969) and Dunker & Rueckert (1969). Since that time, that simple technique has emerged as the most popular, easiest and che ...
User`s guide to GO
User`s guide to GO

... Cellular Component (CC or C) GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix IDA GO:0005747 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I IDA GO:0005739 mitochondrion IEA ...
02 Cholesterol Metabolism2012-03-18 01:50617 KB
02 Cholesterol Metabolism2012-03-18 01:50617 KB

... • When sufficient cholesterol is present, transcription is suppressed and vice versa • Sterol Regulatory Element (SRE) is a recognition sequence in the DNA • SREBP (SRE binding protein) binding to SRE is essential for transcription of this gene • SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) is an intrac ...
New insight into plant intramembrane proteases
New insight into plant intramembrane proteases

... According to this classification, the PARL type proteases are characterized by the presence of 6 α-helixes forming the core of the catalytic domain and an additional α-helix at their N-terminus. The group of proteins containing, beside the 6 α-helixes of the core, an additional α-helix at their C-te ...
Crystal structure of yeast hexokinase Pl in complex
Crystal structure of yeast hexokinase Pl in complex

... Hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1; HK) is a member of the kinase family of tissue-specific isoenzymes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome codify for two isoenzymes of hexokinase: PI and PII, which are about 76% similar in their amino-acid sequences.1,2 Isoenzyme PII has a total ...
Protein Structure
Protein Structure

... Fetal Hb is different from maternal Hb. It does not bind BPG and therefore has a higher affinity for oxygen. This makes for more efficient oxygen transfer! Sickle cell hemoglobin (Hb S) has a valine substituted for a glutamic acid in the beta chain. This results in the deoxy version clumping and for ...
NSPKU
NSPKU

... Your child will then be encouraged to move to more textured food and finger foods. Over time, they will get more of their Phe exchanges from food (e.g. potato or permitted cereal). Less exchanges will come from breast milk or formula milk. Phe free foods should still be included in the diet as well. ...
The f ructokinase f rom Rhizobium leguminosarum
The f ructokinase f rom Rhizobium leguminosarum

... The Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii BAL fructokinase (frk) gene was isolated on a 2 4 kb BamHl fragment from the cosmid pLA72 by complementation analysis of the Tn5-induced frk mutant BAL79, and confirmed by hybridization analysis. The nucleotide sequence of the frk gene was found to contain an ...
Mutational effects on protein structure and function Jonas Carlsson Link¨
Mutational effects on protein structure and function Jonas Carlsson Link¨

... In this thesis several important proteins are investigated from a structural perspective. Some of the proteins are disease related while other have important but not completely characterised functions. The techniques used are general as demonstrated by applications on metabolic proteins (CYP21, CYP1 ...
From Sequence to Function
From Sequence to Function

... subcellular locations, interacting partners, and deletion phenotypes for all the gene products in several model organisms. These databases can also be searched for insights into the functions of these proteins and their corresponding proteins in other organisms. Sequence and structural comparison ca ...
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Expression vector

An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for protein expression in cells. The vector is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell, and can commandeer the cell's mechanism for protein synthesis to produce the protein encoded by the gene. Expression vectors are the basic tools in biotechnology for the production of proteins.The plasmid is engineered to contain regulatory sequences that act as enhancer and promoter regions and lead to efficient transcription of the gene carried on the expression vector. The goal of a well-designed expression vector is the production of protein, and this may be achieve by the production of significant amount of stable messenger RNA, which can then be translated into protein. The protein may be expressed constitutively, or induced when necessary using an inducer. Escherichia coli is commonly used as the host for protein expression, other cell types however may also be used. An example of the use of expression vector is the production of insulin which is used for medical treatments of diabetes.
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