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champion petfoods white paper
champion petfoods white paper

... The close genetic relationship between dog and wolf led the Smithsonian Institution to reclassify the dog from its previous separate species designation of Canis familiaris to Canis lupus ...
Cysteine 230 Modulates Tumor Necrosis Factor
Cysteine 230 Modulates Tumor Necrosis Factor

... exhibits much stronger apoptotic activity than other TNF family members and is able to kill many cell types without potentiating agents such as actinomycin D or cycloheximide (10, 18, 19). Second, TRAIL kills tumor cells more effectively than normal cells by virtue of differential expression of DcRs ...
Integration and topology of membrane proteins Carolina Boekel
Integration and topology of membrane proteins Carolina Boekel

... system that allows a quantitative assessment of membrane insertion efficiency. Our studies suggest that helices might interact with each other already during the membrane-insertion step, possibly forming helical hairpins that partition into the membrane as a single unit. Further, the insertion effic ...
Identification of fungal oxaloacetate hydrolyase within the
Identification of fungal oxaloacetate hydrolyase within the

... oxidation of glyoxylate7 and glycolaldehyde.8 The acetoacetate/OAH route predominates in oxalate producers examined to date1,9–14 and therefore the oah gene might be used for the classification of fungi as potential oxalate producers. Recently, the genomes of a large number of oxalate and nonoxalate ...
Brucella Quorum Sensing: much more than
Brucella Quorum Sensing: much more than

... the identification of the synthase gene because no gene homologous to luxI, luxM or luxS was found. A Brucella ORF called hdtS encodes a protein sharing 20% identity and 54% similarity with HdtS from P. fluorescens (Laue et al., 2000). However, expression of Brucella hdtS in an E. coli sensor strain ...
Synthetic biology for engineering acetyl coenzyme a
Synthetic biology for engineering acetyl coenzyme a

... Technical University of Denmark, Hørsholm, Denmark ...
Proteomic analyses of Oryza sativa mature pollen reveal novel
Proteomic analyses of Oryza sativa mature pollen reveal novel

... the ovule by its polarily growing pollen tube. Yet the molecular genetic basis of these functions is poorly understood. Here, we identified 322 unique proteins, most of which were not reported previously to be in pollen, from mature pollen of Oryza sativa L. ssp japonica using a proteomic approach, ...
Evolution and Function of the Plant Cell Wall
Evolution and Function of the Plant Cell Wall

... elements required for GAUT1 function. The results show that the GAUTs, GATLs, and GATRs have a different evolutionary origin than other plant GT8 genes, were likely acquired from an ancient cyanobacterium (Synechococcus) progenitor, and separate into unique subclades that may indicate functional spe ...
The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan lipid
The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan lipid

... bacterial cell wall biosynthesis through sequestration of C55-PP, the product of the UppS synthase, thereby provoking the loss of the cell integrity and lysis (Siewert & Strominger, 1967; Stone & Strominger, 1971; Storm & Strominger, 1973). This potent antibiotic produced as a mixture of related cyc ...
bacterial hemoglobin proteins - ETH E-Collection
bacterial hemoglobin proteins - ETH E-Collection

... was ...
Coenzyme B 12-Dependent Ribonucleotide Reductase: Evidence
Coenzyme B 12-Dependent Ribonucleotide Reductase: Evidence

... ABSTRACT: Ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase (RTPR) from Lactobacillus leichmannii catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides to 2’-deoxyribonucleotides and requires adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) as a cofactor. Recent cloning, sequencing, and expression of this protein [Booker, S., & Stubbe, J. (19 ...
HIGHLY VISCOUS DOUGH FORMING PROPERTIES OF MARAMA PROTEIN
HIGHLY VISCOUS DOUGH FORMING PROPERTIES OF MARAMA PROTEIN

... 2012) can also impart hydrophobicity to marama protein. This is because similar basic (11S) proteins in soya have been found to be more hydrophobic than the acidic proteins (11S) and total glycinin (Yuan, Yang, Tang, Zheng, Ahmad, & Yin, 2009). Therefore, the substantial level of tyrosine and the ab ...
Quantitative RT–PCR Platform to Measure Transcript Levels of C
Quantitative RT–PCR Platform to Measure Transcript Levels of C

... candidates in silico or in vivo; either one of these two methods may be used to obtain candidates for primary metabolismrelated genes in durum wheat. This candidate identification is helpful as a first step towards constructing networks controlling plant growth and development, or for understanding ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... One of the possible approaches to increase the sensitivity of sequence comparison is to change the definition of sequence similarity. For instance, instead of comparing two proteins by building an alignment of their sequences, it is possible to compare two protein families, using information contain ...
Chaperone-dependent gene expression of organic
Chaperone-dependent gene expression of organic

... product was ligated into the pDrive cloning vector and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli TOP 10 cells. The plasmids revealed sizes of 4 kb to 5 kb after gel electrophoresis. The recombinant plasmids were amplified with the primers For PGL and Rev PGL to amplify the insert. All reco ...
Partial Purification and Characterization of the Maize Mitochondrial
Partial Purification and Characterization of the Maize Mitochondrial

... All PDCs studied thus far are regulated by product inhibition (Patel and Roche, 1990; Luethy et al., 1996). In higher eukaryotes mtPDC activity is also regulated by reversible phosphorylation catalyzed by a PDH-specific protein kinase and a P-PDH-specific phosphatase (for review, see Patel and Roche ...
High Resolution Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Proteins*
High Resolution Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Proteins*

... gel system (1) were chosen because of the high resolution of each one separation to be matched with a spot on a different system and because they separate proteins according to different separation. This technique provides a method for estimation properties. Since the procedure is intended for analy ...
Pathways to abscisic acid-regulated gene expression
Pathways to abscisic acid-regulated gene expression

... It is ubiquitous in lower and higher plants and its biosynthetic and catabolic pathways have been elucidated (Hirai, 1986 ; Zeevaart, 1999). ABA acts to effect changes on multiple physiological processes, for example inducing the rapid closure of stomatal pores by ion efflux from guard cells, thereb ...
Dietary whey protein increases liver and skeletal muscle glycogen
Dietary whey protein increases liver and skeletal muscle glycogen

... We investigated the effect of different types of dietary protein on glycogen content in liver and skeletal muscle of exercise-trained rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (approximately 100 g; n 6 per group) were divided into sedentary or exercise-trained groups with each group being fed eithe ...
Substrate specificity of protein kinase A in reaction with
Substrate specificity of protein kinase A in reaction with

... Zetterqvist and Ragnarsson, 1982) and were based on peptides derived proceeding from the sequence of the phosphorylation site of L-type pyruvate kinase. It was found that the peptide sequence RRASV was still efficiently phosphorylated by PKA with Km in the low micromolar range and the structure RRAS ...
Gene Section TYR (tyrosinase (oculocutaneous albinism IA))  Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section TYR (tyrosinase (oculocutaneous albinism IA)) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... TYR (tyrosinase (oculocutaneous albinism IA)) Erin E Mendoza, Randy Burd Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA (EEM, RB) ...
The Biologically Appropriate Food Concept
The Biologically Appropriate Food Concept

... function equally, with protein qualities varying enormously between various sources. Three factors effecting protein quality include: 1. PROTEIN SOURCE 2. AMINO ACID COMPOSITION 3. DIGESTIBILITY ...
Molecular Physiological Analysis of the Two Plastidic ATP/ADP
Molecular Physiological Analysis of the Two Plastidic ATP/ADP

... by northern-blot analysis and the promoter activity in transgenic plants carrying corresponding promoter-bglucuronidase (GUS) fusions. For reliable northern-blot analysis of isoformspecific mRNA accumulation it is required to use gene-specific probes. We generated probes specific for either AtNTT1- ...
Neutralizing scFv Antibodies against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
Neutralizing scFv Antibodies against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

... membrane anchoring and compatible RE sites with the cloning vector was constructed from expression vector pET27b. The VH and VL gene pool against IBDV were ampli ied by PCR from the cDNA. The vector irst cleaved with HindⅢ and NheI and ligated with the VH fragment and then cleaved with BamHI and Xho ...
Engineering Acetyl Coenzyme A Supply: Functional Expression of a
Engineering Acetyl Coenzyme A Supply: Functional Expression of a

... the mitochondrial matrix. However, in this yeast, acetyl-CoA generated in the mitochondrion cannot meet the requirement for cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Instead, a separate pathway known as the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass, which involves pyruvate decarboxylase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and acetyl-CoA ...
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Expression vector

An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for protein expression in cells. The vector is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell, and can commandeer the cell's mechanism for protein synthesis to produce the protein encoded by the gene. Expression vectors are the basic tools in biotechnology for the production of proteins.The plasmid is engineered to contain regulatory sequences that act as enhancer and promoter regions and lead to efficient transcription of the gene carried on the expression vector. The goal of a well-designed expression vector is the production of protein, and this may be achieve by the production of significant amount of stable messenger RNA, which can then be translated into protein. The protein may be expressed constitutively, or induced when necessary using an inducer. Escherichia coli is commonly used as the host for protein expression, other cell types however may also be used. An example of the use of expression vector is the production of insulin which is used for medical treatments of diabetes.
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