Developmental Regulation of Genes Encoding Universal Stress
... endodermal epithelium, a highly potent chemical barrier for protection against intruding microbes. Sequences associated with ESTs, SAGE Tags and microarray probes are functional genomic tools appropriate for dissecting gene functions.22 These tools can provide expression data to facilitate forward a ...
... endodermal epithelium, a highly potent chemical barrier for protection against intruding microbes. Sequences associated with ESTs, SAGE Tags and microarray probes are functional genomic tools appropriate for dissecting gene functions.22 These tools can provide expression data to facilitate forward a ...
Sporopollenin Biosynthetic Enzymes Interact and
... and angiosperm species, thus suggesting that they participate in an ancient, conserved metabolic pathway that was probably determinant in the evolution of land plants. The sites of synthesis and transport of sporopollenin precursors in tapetal cells, as well as the mechanisms of secretion of sporopo ...
... and angiosperm species, thus suggesting that they participate in an ancient, conserved metabolic pathway that was probably determinant in the evolution of land plants. The sites of synthesis and transport of sporopollenin precursors in tapetal cells, as well as the mechanisms of secretion of sporopo ...
Protein and DNA sequence determinants of
... As proteins and nucleic acids must remain in their native conformations at physiologically relevant temperatures, thermal adaptation requires adjustment of interactions within these biopolymers. Given the limited alphabet of amino acid residues, an apparent way to control protein stability is to pro ...
... As proteins and nucleic acids must remain in their native conformations at physiologically relevant temperatures, thermal adaptation requires adjustment of interactions within these biopolymers. Given the limited alphabet of amino acid residues, an apparent way to control protein stability is to pro ...
cGAS produces a 2′-5′-linked cyclic dinucleotide second
... Detection of cytoplasmic DNA represents one of the most fundamental mechanisms of the innate immune system to sense the presence of microbial pathogens1. Moreover, erroneous detection of endogenous DNA by the same sensing mechanisms has an important pathophysiological role in certain sterile inflamm ...
... Detection of cytoplasmic DNA represents one of the most fundamental mechanisms of the innate immune system to sense the presence of microbial pathogens1. Moreover, erroneous detection of endogenous DNA by the same sensing mechanisms has an important pathophysiological role in certain sterile inflamm ...
Bioinformatics
... – Calculated for families of related proteins (>85% identity) – 1 PAM is the amount of evolutionary change that yields, on average, one substitution in 100 amino acid residues – A positive score signifies a common replacement whereas a negative score signifies an unlikely replacement – PAM250 matrix ...
... – Calculated for families of related proteins (>85% identity) – 1 PAM is the amount of evolutionary change that yields, on average, one substitution in 100 amino acid residues – A positive score signifies a common replacement whereas a negative score signifies an unlikely replacement – PAM250 matrix ...
Toxin-Resistant Sodium Channels: Parallel Adaptive Evolution
... varying degrees of toxin resistance, yet show remarkable convergence among genes and phylogenetically diverse species. Using site-directed mutagenesis and expression of a vertebrate sodium channel, we also demonstrate that resistance to TTX/STX is enhanced up to 15-fold by single, frequently observe ...
... varying degrees of toxin resistance, yet show remarkable convergence among genes and phylogenetically diverse species. Using site-directed mutagenesis and expression of a vertebrate sodium channel, we also demonstrate that resistance to TTX/STX is enhanced up to 15-fold by single, frequently observe ...
Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis
... control adaptive thermogenesis. The presence of the adipocytederived hormone leptin and neuropeptides, both of which regulate energy balance in the hypothalamus, is further evidence for regulation of thermogenesis by the brain and is discussed in detail in the review by Schwartz et al., pp. 661–671. ...
... control adaptive thermogenesis. The presence of the adipocytederived hormone leptin and neuropeptides, both of which regulate energy balance in the hypothalamus, is further evidence for regulation of thermogenesis by the brain and is discussed in detail in the review by Schwartz et al., pp. 661–671. ...
1 - JACC
... gained into the biology, either to understand disease pathways through basic cellular mechanisms or as a check on the biological consistency and reasonableness of the data. Overfitting of data is also a common problem when algorithms are generated from hundreds or thousands of peaks. Blinded prospec ...
... gained into the biology, either to understand disease pathways through basic cellular mechanisms or as a check on the biological consistency and reasonableness of the data. Overfitting of data is also a common problem when algorithms are generated from hundreds or thousands of peaks. Blinded prospec ...
Molecular Systematics & Evolution of Microorganisms
... • Often helps to have colour-coding. • Depending on the use, the user should be able to make a judgement on those regions that are reliable or not. • For phylogeny reconstruction, only use those positions whose hypothesis of positional homology is unimpeachable ...
... • Often helps to have colour-coding. • Depending on the use, the user should be able to make a judgement on those regions that are reliable or not. • For phylogeny reconstruction, only use those positions whose hypothesis of positional homology is unimpeachable ...
PDF Print - APS Journals
... symbionts can uptake directly from the plant host. The second subset, termed “nonhost substrates”, includes the remaining potential substrates that are not produced by plants and, therefore, must be acquired from sources outside of the host. It has been demonstrated that the predicted potential subs ...
... symbionts can uptake directly from the plant host. The second subset, termed “nonhost substrates”, includes the remaining potential substrates that are not produced by plants and, therefore, must be acquired from sources outside of the host. It has been demonstrated that the predicted potential subs ...
The energy-less red blood cell is lost
... common cause of CNSHA is pyruvate kinase (PK) deficieny. Second, disorders concerning the Hexose Monophosphate Shunt, which maintains adequate levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). This group of disorders is associated with hemolytic episodes, induced by oxidative stress, drugs, or infections. Defici ...
... common cause of CNSHA is pyruvate kinase (PK) deficieny. Second, disorders concerning the Hexose Monophosphate Shunt, which maintains adequate levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). This group of disorders is associated with hemolytic episodes, induced by oxidative stress, drugs, or infections. Defici ...
A Human Centromere Protein, CENP-B, Has a DNA Binding Domain
... rein, designated CENP-D, has been identified also using the autoimmune sera (Kingwell and Rattner, 1987). Recently, it has been suggested that a motor protein, cytoplasmic dynein, takes part in centromere function (Pfarr et al., 1990; Steuer et al., 1990). Several monoclonal antibodies that recogniz ...
... rein, designated CENP-D, has been identified also using the autoimmune sera (Kingwell and Rattner, 1987). Recently, it has been suggested that a motor protein, cytoplasmic dynein, takes part in centromere function (Pfarr et al., 1990; Steuer et al., 1990). Several monoclonal antibodies that recogniz ...
Interrogating the Function of Metazoan Histones using
... to directly test the function during animal development of three posttranslationally modified histone residues: H3K36, H3K27, and H4K20. Unlike results obtained in yeast, we show that H3K36 is required for viability in Drosophila. Consistent with current models, we find that H3K27 is required for th ...
... to directly test the function during animal development of three posttranslationally modified histone residues: H3K36, H3K27, and H4K20. Unlike results obtained in yeast, we show that H3K36 is required for viability in Drosophila. Consistent with current models, we find that H3K27 is required for th ...
Supplementary material: Additional file 1 Chavali
... per drug, one‐third of the codes fell under three first‐level categories: ‘A’ for alimentary tract and metabolism, ‘C’ for cardiovascular system and ‘D’ for dermatologicals. Within these first‐ level categories, a plurality of codes fell under second‐level categories ‘A01’ (s ...
... per drug, one‐third of the codes fell under three first‐level categories: ‘A’ for alimentary tract and metabolism, ‘C’ for cardiovascular system and ‘D’ for dermatologicals. Within these first‐ level categories, a plurality of codes fell under second‐level categories ‘A01’ (s ...
ZOO-302CR:(1.4)CELL DIVISION AND CELL CYCLE
... have fully replicated their DNA and that it is undamaged before they enter mitosis. Finally, there are checkpoint control mechanisms within mitosis to ensure that conditions remain suitable for the cell to complete cell division (cytokinesis). The length of time for a mammalian cell to progress arou ...
... have fully replicated their DNA and that it is undamaged before they enter mitosis. Finally, there are checkpoint control mechanisms within mitosis to ensure that conditions remain suitable for the cell to complete cell division (cytokinesis). The length of time for a mammalian cell to progress arou ...
Analyses of 16S rRNA and RuBisCO large subunit genes from an
... reported to be the dominant species at the northern Loihi Pele’s vents (Moyer et al., 1995). The phylogenetic diversity of metal-oxidizing bacteria at Loihi vents may imply that the variability of vent chemistry affects the species compositions of vent microflora. The OTUs Loihi-16S-8, 9, and -10 we ...
... reported to be the dominant species at the northern Loihi Pele’s vents (Moyer et al., 1995). The phylogenetic diversity of metal-oxidizing bacteria at Loihi vents may imply that the variability of vent chemistry affects the species compositions of vent microflora. The OTUs Loihi-16S-8, 9, and -10 we ...
scheme of work biology lower six - laman web smk raja perempuan
... 2)to identify the distribution 3)to relate the structure of each organelles with its functions ...
... 2)to identify the distribution 3)to relate the structure of each organelles with its functions ...
Document
... Plasmid DNA into Arabidopsis? Transferred DNA (T-DNA) contains genes encoding tumorinducing hormones and opines (a carbon/nitrogen source that can only be metabolized by Agrobacterium) between LB and RB Replace these genes with your promoter, reporter genes and selectable marker ...
... Plasmid DNA into Arabidopsis? Transferred DNA (T-DNA) contains genes encoding tumorinducing hormones and opines (a carbon/nitrogen source that can only be metabolized by Agrobacterium) between LB and RB Replace these genes with your promoter, reporter genes and selectable marker ...
Looking for a strong promoter for Physcomitrella
... The 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus is a strong and constitutive promoter that is widely used in plant systems. However, in the moss Physcomitrella patens, its promoter strength is weak or all but silent in the dark.1 Therefore, it is necessary to find promoters that show higher express ...
... The 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus is a strong and constitutive promoter that is widely used in plant systems. However, in the moss Physcomitrella patens, its promoter strength is weak or all but silent in the dark.1 Therefore, it is necessary to find promoters that show higher express ...
MD Simulations of the P53 oncoprotein structure
... to DNA is separately displayed. Considering the above noted difficulty of zinc binding in p53c, experiments point to the importance of zinc coordination for achieving the correct folding and correct binding of p53 to a specific DNA in intact cells. In our simulation, however, both non-bonded and bon ...
... to DNA is separately displayed. Considering the above noted difficulty of zinc binding in p53c, experiments point to the importance of zinc coordination for achieving the correct folding and correct binding of p53 to a specific DNA in intact cells. In our simulation, however, both non-bonded and bon ...
video slide - SharpSchool
... From the growth patterns of the mutants, Beadle and Tatum deduced that each mutant was unable to carry out one step in the pathway for synthesizing arginine, presumably because it lacked the necessary enzyme. Because each of their mutants was mutated in a single gene, they concluded that each mutate ...
... From the growth patterns of the mutants, Beadle and Tatum deduced that each mutant was unable to carry out one step in the pathway for synthesizing arginine, presumably because it lacked the necessary enzyme. Because each of their mutants was mutated in a single gene, they concluded that each mutate ...
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The nucleus of the cell contains our
... molecule was bending or folding in an additional coiled-coil motif, or superhelix conformation (42). The data also demonstrated that the lysine-rich histone fraction is unnecessary for forming the same diffraction pattern as seen with whole nucleohistone fibers (43). Using improved techniques to vis ...
... molecule was bending or folding in an additional coiled-coil motif, or superhelix conformation (42). The data also demonstrated that the lysine-rich histone fraction is unnecessary for forming the same diffraction pattern as seen with whole nucleohistone fibers (43). Using improved techniques to vis ...
Phospholipid synthesis in Borrelia burgdorferi: BB0249 and BB0721
... protocols (Ames, 1968) and TLC of the extracts was performed. Staining of the TLC plates confirmed that PC and PG are the major phospholipids in the B. burgdorferi membrane (data not shown) and suggested that this method was a reliable method for examining B. burgdorferi membrane phospholipids. We t ...
... protocols (Ames, 1968) and TLC of the extracts was performed. Staining of the TLC plates confirmed that PC and PG are the major phospholipids in the B. burgdorferi membrane (data not shown) and suggested that this method was a reliable method for examining B. burgdorferi membrane phospholipids. We t ...
Journal of Biotechnology
... The circular chromosome consists of 3,918,589 bps with predicted 3695 protein-coding sequences (Chen et al., 2007). Software package Mauve (Darling et al., 2004) was used to compare the genomes of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, B. subtilis 168, B. licheniformis and B. pumilus. The four species belong t ...
... The circular chromosome consists of 3,918,589 bps with predicted 3695 protein-coding sequences (Chen et al., 2007). Software package Mauve (Darling et al., 2004) was used to compare the genomes of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, B. subtilis 168, B. licheniformis and B. pumilus. The four species belong t ...
Evolution of Metabolisms - Theoretical and Computational
... Two parameters f and p are introduced with values 0 · f · 1 and p > 0: altering f changes the distinction between paralog and ortholog pathways, 1 and p provides different weightings of long and short distances. Paralog genes are differentiated from orthologs based on their (proposed) functional rol ...
... Two parameters f and p are introduced with values 0 · f · 1 and p > 0: altering f changes the distinction between paralog and ortholog pathways, 1 and p provides different weightings of long and short distances. Paralog genes are differentiated from orthologs based on their (proposed) functional rol ...
Endogenous retrovirus
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%). ERVs are a subclass of a type of gene called a transposon, which can be packaged and moved within the genome to serve a vital role in gene expression and in regulation. Researchers have suggested that retroviruses evolved from a type of transposable gene called a retrotransposon, which includes ERVs; these genes can mutate and instead of moving to another location in the genome they can become exogenous or pathogenic. This means that all ERVs may not have originated as an insertion by a retrovirus but that some may have been the source for the genetic information in the retroviruses they resemble.