Alpha and beta subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1
... there is no possibility that the two genes are co-transcribed. Why two genes encoding subunits of the same enzyme would be encoded together is uncertain. Other genes of related function have been shown to be linked in other microsporidian genomes [27], however, there is no evidence that this is not ...
... there is no possibility that the two genes are co-transcribed. Why two genes encoding subunits of the same enzyme would be encoded together is uncertain. Other genes of related function have been shown to be linked in other microsporidian genomes [27], however, there is no evidence that this is not ...
Viral adaptation to host - Molecular Systems Biology
... which permits distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Creation of derivative works is permitted but the resulting work may be distributed only under the same or similar licence to this one. This licence does not permit commercial exploitatio ...
... which permits distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Creation of derivative works is permitted but the resulting work may be distributed only under the same or similar licence to this one. This licence does not permit commercial exploitatio ...
A siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster from the fish
... significant similarity with the proteins responsible for the synthesis and transport of the siderophore yersiniabactin, encoded within the Yersinia high-pathogenicity island (HPI). Southern hybridization demonstrated that this gene cluster is exclusive to some European subsp. piscicida isolates. Dat ...
... significant similarity with the proteins responsible for the synthesis and transport of the siderophore yersiniabactin, encoded within the Yersinia high-pathogenicity island (HPI). Southern hybridization demonstrated that this gene cluster is exclusive to some European subsp. piscicida isolates. Dat ...
Biology Revised
... 2. Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disorder in which red blood cells contain the protein haemoglobin S instead of normal haemoglobin. The DNA sequence in the allele for ...
... 2. Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disorder in which red blood cells contain the protein haemoglobin S instead of normal haemoglobin. The DNA sequence in the allele for ...
Distinct Classes of Mitotic Cyclins Are Differentially
... B-type cyclins is less well conserved in all five sequences, but they accounted for 23,41, and 23% for CydGm, Cyc2Gm, and CycSGm, respectively, and 43 and 45% for Cyc4Gm and CycSGm. In addition, the motif EVXEEY(K/R)L in the cyclin box typical of A-type cyclins is perfectly conserved in CydGm to Cyc ...
... B-type cyclins is less well conserved in all five sequences, but they accounted for 23,41, and 23% for CydGm, Cyc2Gm, and CycSGm, respectively, and 43 and 45% for Cyc4Gm and CycSGm. In addition, the motif EVXEEY(K/R)L in the cyclin box typical of A-type cyclins is perfectly conserved in CydGm to Cyc ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... distinguished from the domesticated model organism Bacillus subtilis 168 (23) by several features important for rhizosphere competence particularly by its abilities to suppress competitive organisms present in the plant rhizosphere (17, 21) and to promote plant growth (16). In a previous contributio ...
... distinguished from the domesticated model organism Bacillus subtilis 168 (23) by several features important for rhizosphere competence particularly by its abilities to suppress competitive organisms present in the plant rhizosphere (17, 21) and to promote plant growth (16). In a previous contributio ...
Study of the distribution of autotrophic CO2 fixation
... carboxylase as the carboxylating enzyme has been identified for (micro)aerobic members of the Sulfolobales. The dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle using oxygen-sensitive pyruvate synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase as carboxylating enzymes has been found in members of the anaerobic Desul ...
... carboxylase as the carboxylating enzyme has been identified for (micro)aerobic members of the Sulfolobales. The dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle using oxygen-sensitive pyruvate synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase as carboxylating enzymes has been found in members of the anaerobic Desul ...
Directional mutational pressure affects the amino acid composition
... dnaA gene in bacteria as an example to show (1) that the amino acid composition of a protein can be dramatically affected by mutational pressure (the genomic GC content), (2) that surprisingly, deleting relatively closely-related genera may increase rather than decrease the correlation between genom ...
... dnaA gene in bacteria as an example to show (1) that the amino acid composition of a protein can be dramatically affected by mutational pressure (the genomic GC content), (2) that surprisingly, deleting relatively closely-related genera may increase rather than decrease the correlation between genom ...
Methylocapsa palsarum sp. nov., a Methanotrophic Bacterium from a
... this genus includes two species, i.e. M. acidiphila (Dedysh et al., 2002) and M. aurea (Dunfield ...
... this genus includes two species, i.e. M. acidiphila (Dedysh et al., 2002) and M. aurea (Dunfield ...
Final published version
... Manipulation of NADH-dependent steps, and particularly disruption of the las-located lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene in Lactococcus lactis, is common to engineering strategies envisaging the accumulation of reduced end products other than lactate. Reverse transcription-PCR experiments revealed that ...
... Manipulation of NADH-dependent steps, and particularly disruption of the las-located lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene in Lactococcus lactis, is common to engineering strategies envisaging the accumulation of reduced end products other than lactate. Reverse transcription-PCR experiments revealed that ...
Gene Section SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction. - Acts as a cytokine involved in enhancing production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 and reducing production of interleukin-10 and is essential in the pathway that leads to type I immunity. - Participates ...
... integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction. - Acts as a cytokine involved in enhancing production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 and reducing production of interleukin-10 and is essential in the pathway that leads to type I immunity. - Participates ...
Tyrosine cross-linking of extracellular matrix is catalyzed by Duox, a
... cloned homologues of gp91phox. The first of these, Nox1 (also termed Mox1, NOH-1), is expressed in nonphagocytic cells, including colonic epithelia and vascular smooth muscle (Suh et al., 1999), and functions in regulating cell growth and cell transformation. Alternative splicing of Nox1 to generate ...
... cloned homologues of gp91phox. The first of these, Nox1 (also termed Mox1, NOH-1), is expressed in nonphagocytic cells, including colonic epithelia and vascular smooth muscle (Suh et al., 1999), and functions in regulating cell growth and cell transformation. Alternative splicing of Nox1 to generate ...
Changes in gene expression associated with acclimation to constant
... A total number of 55 hybridizations are represented in the data set. Two daily cycles, separated by 2 weeks, were sampled for control conditions (26°C). Five temperature cycles were sampled for the cycling temperature acclimation, resulting in a very consistent pattern of gene expression during mult ...
... A total number of 55 hybridizations are represented in the data set. Two daily cycles, separated by 2 weeks, were sampled for control conditions (26°C). Five temperature cycles were sampled for the cycling temperature acclimation, resulting in a very consistent pattern of gene expression during mult ...
ATP citrate lyase – biology and implication in human
... and transforming growth factor β18. Further investigation has identified Thr446, Ser450, and ...
... and transforming growth factor β18. Further investigation has identified Thr446, Ser450, and ...
Cloning and structure of three rainbow trout C3
... the trout C3 isoforms have any related activity ...
... the trout C3 isoforms have any related activity ...
Biology Review
... The double helix. A) The ribbons in this diagram represent the sugar phosphate backbones of the two DNA strands. The helix is “right handed” curving up to the right. The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds (dotted lines) between the nitrogenous bases which are paired in the interior of t ...
... The double helix. A) The ribbons in this diagram represent the sugar phosphate backbones of the two DNA strands. The helix is “right handed” curving up to the right. The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds (dotted lines) between the nitrogenous bases which are paired in the interior of t ...
A study of archaeal enzymes involved in polar lipid
... archaetidylserine synthase (ASS), from Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, has been experimentally identified. Other enzymes have not been fully examined. Through database searching, we detected many archaeal hypothetical proteins that show sequence similarity to members of the CDP alcohol phosp ...
... archaetidylserine synthase (ASS), from Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, has been experimentally identified. Other enzymes have not been fully examined. Through database searching, we detected many archaeal hypothetical proteins that show sequence similarity to members of the CDP alcohol phosp ...
mitochondria
... The oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 is coupled to the reduction of NAD+ and FAD to NADH and FADH2, respectively. Most of the energy derived from oxidative metabolism is then produced by the process ofoxidative phosphorylation (discussed in detail in the next section), which takes place in the inner m ...
... The oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 is coupled to the reduction of NAD+ and FAD to NADH and FADH2, respectively. Most of the energy derived from oxidative metabolism is then produced by the process ofoxidative phosphorylation (discussed in detail in the next section), which takes place in the inner m ...
Base of questions of KROK-1 Exam Medical Biology 1. The cells of
... C. Telophase D. Prophase E. Interfase 37. According to the rule of constant chromosome number, each species of most animals has a definite and constant number of chromosomes. The mechanism providing this constancy in sexual reproduction of the organisms is called: A. *Meiosis B. Schizogony C. Amitos ...
... C. Telophase D. Prophase E. Interfase 37. According to the rule of constant chromosome number, each species of most animals has a definite and constant number of chromosomes. The mechanism providing this constancy in sexual reproduction of the organisms is called: A. *Meiosis B. Schizogony C. Amitos ...
Spermatogenesis-preventing substance - Development
... complete spermatogenesis has been induced by hormonal treatment in vitro using an organ culture system and a germ cell/somatic cell co-culture system (Miura et al., 1991b; Miura et al., 1991c; Miura et al., 1996). Thus, the eel testis provides an excellent system for studying the regulation of sperm ...
... complete spermatogenesis has been induced by hormonal treatment in vitro using an organ culture system and a germ cell/somatic cell co-culture system (Miura et al., 1991b; Miura et al., 1991c; Miura et al., 1996). Thus, the eel testis provides an excellent system for studying the regulation of sperm ...
The common northern periwinkle, Littorina littorea
... catabolism can occur that allows a compensatory increase in fermentative ATP output in order to maintain normal rates of ATP turnover. However, as hypoxia deepens, a critical low oxygen tension is exceeded and further attempts at compensation are abandoned in favour of the initiation of conservation ...
... catabolism can occur that allows a compensatory increase in fermentative ATP output in order to maintain normal rates of ATP turnover. However, as hypoxia deepens, a critical low oxygen tension is exceeded and further attempts at compensation are abandoned in favour of the initiation of conservation ...
1 Are the Eyes Homologous?
... the use of this concept when thinking about developmental regulatory circuits or pathways, it is worth reflecting on the use of the term ‘‘homology.’’ There is general agreement that attributions of homology are shorthand for the claim that particular similarities are best explained by common ancestr ...
... the use of this concept when thinking about developmental regulatory circuits or pathways, it is worth reflecting on the use of the term ‘‘homology.’’ There is general agreement that attributions of homology are shorthand for the claim that particular similarities are best explained by common ancestr ...
Structural bases of GM1 gangliosidosis and Morquio B
... lational processing and degradation of the expressed proteins, and their residual enzyme activities were shown in these forms.20,21 However, the structural bases of these diseases have not yet been clarified. In this study, we first constructed a structural model of human b-Gal using the crystallogr ...
... lational processing and degradation of the expressed proteins, and their residual enzyme activities were shown in these forms.20,21 However, the structural bases of these diseases have not yet been clarified. In this study, we first constructed a structural model of human b-Gal using the crystallogr ...
Plant and soil
... The amplification cycle consisted of 10 min at 96°C, 30 cycles of 1 min at 95°C, 1.5 min at annealing temperature of 67°C, 1 min at 72°C, and a final 10min extension at 72°C. The amplicon of 473 bp was cloned into the pCR2.1 vector (Invitrogen) as described by the manufacturer to obtain the plasmid ...
... The amplification cycle consisted of 10 min at 96°C, 30 cycles of 1 min at 95°C, 1.5 min at annealing temperature of 67°C, 1 min at 72°C, and a final 10min extension at 72°C. The amplicon of 473 bp was cloned into the pCR2.1 vector (Invitrogen) as described by the manufacturer to obtain the plasmid ...
Endogenous retrovirus
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%). ERVs are a subclass of a type of gene called a transposon, which can be packaged and moved within the genome to serve a vital role in gene expression and in regulation. Researchers have suggested that retroviruses evolved from a type of transposable gene called a retrotransposon, which includes ERVs; these genes can mutate and instead of moving to another location in the genome they can become exogenous or pathogenic. This means that all ERVs may not have originated as an insertion by a retrovirus but that some may have been the source for the genetic information in the retroviruses they resemble.