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A viability-linked metagenomic analysis of
A viability-linked metagenomic analysis of

... in the PCR reactions, and the sampling of viral as well as eukaryotic DNA in the metagenomic analyses. While 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing can detect low abundant species like Archaea, metagenomic approaches are able to resolve a much more comprehensive understanding of the cleanroom biome, part ...
News release
News release

... genomics, proteomics, drug screening and all data-generating systems that contribute to the drug discovery process, and to organize this data so that it can be searched or mined more effectively. Jerry Walker, Vice President Informatics at Amersham Biosciences, said, “We have worked closely with Cim ...
Sequence Alignment - Mainlab Bioinformatics
Sequence Alignment - Mainlab Bioinformatics

... • Also known as dot plots, they represent the simplest method of evaluating similarity between two sequences • Identifies all possible matches of residues between the two sequences. • One sequence (A) is listed horizontally (top of page) and the other sequence (B) vertically (left side of page). • S ...
Evolution of hard proteins in the sauropsid integument in relation to
Evolution of hard proteins in the sauropsid integument in relation to

... layer of flat cells that are incorporated into a variably thick corneous layer (depending on the type of scales) (Fig. 1I). In archosaurians (crocodilians and birds), the process of shedding of epidermal layers is not specifically known. However, the presence of a scission layer in avian scales (Can ...
Catabolic Alanine Racemase from Salmonella typhimurium: DNA Sequence, Enzyme Purification, and Characterization.
Catabolic Alanine Racemase from Salmonella typhimurium: DNA Sequence, Enzyme Purification, and Characterization.

... racemase activity, is probably a secondary source of D-alanine for cell wall biosynthesis. However, because alanine racemases can detoxify many agents directed against D-alanine metabolism (Wang & Walsh, 1978), the action of this enzyme is relevant to antibiotic research. We now describe the purific ...
Production and characterization of murine models of classic and
Production and characterization of murine models of classic and

... MSUD patients have the classic form of the disease with BCKDH activity in the range of 0–2% of normal [1]. These patients show markedly elevated levels of BCAA in blood and other body fluids [1]. Besides the classic form, there are other variants of the disease. Patients with the intermediate form o ...
Kein Folientitel
Kein Folientitel

... varieties; (b) essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals. 2. Inventions which concern plants or animals shall be patentable if the technical feasibility of the invention is not confined to a particular plant or animal variety. 3. Paragraph 1(b) shall be without prejudi ...
Protein Acetylation as an Integral Part of Metabolism in Cancer
Protein Acetylation as an Integral Part of Metabolism in Cancer

... Acetylation of lysine is one of the major post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins of eukaryotic cells. Acetylation has been indicated as an avenue for cellular response to environmental, nutritional and behavioral factors. At the same time, aberrant protein acetylation h ...
Biochimie
Biochimie

... manipulate algal lipid production was made in the diatom Cyclotella cryptica by overexpressing the endogenous gene encoding ACCase [29]. It was previously shown that an increase in ACCase activity plays a significant role in the induction of TAG accumulation in nutrient-deprived C. cryptica [30]. How ...
Cloning and Effective Induction of Escherichia coli
Cloning and Effective Induction of Escherichia coli

... the expression of the desired gene placed under the control of the strong T7, lac or tac promoter. The advantage of using this synthetic inducer is that it cannot be hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase.13 However, the use of IPTG for the large-scale production of human therapeutic proteins is undesirable ...
Biological ontologies for human functional annotation and
Biological ontologies for human functional annotation and

... GENIA Ontology “The GENIA ontology is intended to be a formal model of cell signaling reactions in human. It is to be used as a basis of thesauri and semantic dictionaries for natural language processing applications […] Another use of the GENIA ontology is to provide a basis for integrated view of ...
Six novel CC - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio institucional
Six novel CC - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio institucional

... resources that is being made for some of these species. All this information will provide an evolutionary perspective on the complexity of this cytokine family, that will ...
HMW glutenin subunits in multiploid Aegilops species: composition
HMW glutenin subunits in multiploid Aegilops species: composition

... mobility similar to, or larger than, that of the 1Dx2.2 subunit was observed. However, it was not known if these subunits were encoded by the D genome component in the relevant Aegilops species. ( ) Genomic PCR reactions. Based on the above SDS-PAGE analysis, we chose Ae. ventricosa as a model speci ...
Assembly and budding of rabies virus
Assembly and budding of rabies virus

... but maintained the capacity to spread the infection from cell to cell. The specific defect in  budding was verified by demonstrating that the function of P as polymerase cofactor and  N binding were not affected by the mutation. A virus which only harbored a single amino  acid exchange at the C‐term ...
Histone Modifications and Cancer
Histone Modifications and Cancer

... Histone acetylation/deacetylation • Acetylation/deacetylation of defined lysine residues of H3, H4, H2A and H2B histones; • Catalyzed by histone acetyltransferase/deacetylase ...
Biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids is
Biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids is

... was not auxotrophic for BCAAs and could grow well on minimal medium with pyruvate as a carbon source and ammonia as a nitrogen source. However, it grew less efficiently than the wildtype (WT) strain when ammonia was substituted with valine or isoleucine as a nitrogen source. The BCAA aminotransferas ...
life - MDPI
life - MDPI

... genomes and therefore has a sampling bias. Now, however, it has support by a great number of genomes of the domains Bacteria and Archaea that have become available later. Importantly, it is also in agreement with later independent analyses [4–6]. The gene cluster of LUCA may have actually included f ...
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor

... al., 1989; Conn et al., 1990a). This factor has also been termed vascular permeability factor (VPF) because of its ability to induce vascular leakage in vivo (Senger et al., 1983; Keck et al., 1989). Other effects of VEGF include the induction of the procoagulant activity of monocytes and endothelia ...
Leishmania donovani - Oxford Academic
Leishmania donovani - Oxford Academic

... Type II enzymes are dimeric, cleaving both strands of a duplex and passing another region of intact DNA through this transient double-stranded break (in an ATP-dependent manner) resulting in changes in linking number in steps of two. In contrast, type I enzymes are monomeric, require no additional e ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... genomes and therefore has a sampling bias. Now, however, it has support by a great number of genomes of the domains Bacteria and Archaea that have become available later. Importantly, it is also in agreement with later independent analyses [4–6]. The gene cluster of LUCA may have actually included f ...
Expression and purification of four different rhizobial acyl carrier
Expression and purification of four different rhizobial acyl carrier

... and a well-conserved amino acid region can only be observed around the phosphopantetheine-binding site. However, the three-dimensional structure of the AcpP of E. coli has been determined (Kim & Prestegard, 1990) and an initial characterization of the secondary structure and the general tertiary fol ...
gmod-intro-07oct - IUBio Archive for Biology
gmod-intro-07oct - IUBio Archive for Biology

... • CV: Controlled vocabularies and ontologies • Sequence: Biological sequences and objects which can be localized on them • Companalysis: Adjunct to sequence module for insilico analysis • Map: Adjunct to sequence module for non-sequence localization ...
Quantitative RT–PCR Platform to Measure Transcript Levels of C
Quantitative RT–PCR Platform to Measure Transcript Levels of C

... candidates in silico or in vivo; either one of these two methods may be used to obtain candidates for primary metabolismrelated genes in durum wheat. This candidate identification is helpful as a first step towards constructing networks controlling plant growth and development, or for understanding ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... For complementation studies, PCR amplicons presented in Fig. S1 (oligonucleotide primers used for PCR amplification will be provided upon request) were cloned into pCZ1016, a derivative of pFAJ1700 containing the Ptac promoter, multiple cloning sites and the T7 terminator from pSC150 (Dombrecht et a ...
Origin and evolution of peptide-modifying
Origin and evolution of peptide-modifying

... of their actual evolutionary relationships. This has hindered an evaluation of the emergence of multiple nucleic acid- and protein-modifying activities among these enzymes—e.g. questions pertaining to how many of these biopolymer-modifying activities emerged convergently as opposed to divergently an ...
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Endogenous retrovirus



Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%). ERVs are a subclass of a type of gene called a transposon, which can be packaged and moved within the genome to serve a vital role in gene expression and in regulation. Researchers have suggested that retroviruses evolved from a type of transposable gene called a retrotransposon, which includes ERVs; these genes can mutate and instead of moving to another location in the genome they can become exogenous or pathogenic. This means that all ERVs may not have originated as an insertion by a retrovirus but that some may have been the source for the genetic information in the retroviruses they resemble.
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