A history of mitochondrial diseases
... 2003) and the British group of Doug Turnbull and Patrick Chinnery (Schaefer et al. 2007; Schaefer et al. 2004) came to the remarkably similar conclusion that the overall prevalence of mtDNA diseases was about 1 in 5,000, higher than we had thought. Then, in 2008, the group of Patrick Chinnery in New ...
... 2003) and the British group of Doug Turnbull and Patrick Chinnery (Schaefer et al. 2007; Schaefer et al. 2004) came to the remarkably similar conclusion that the overall prevalence of mtDNA diseases was about 1 in 5,000, higher than we had thought. Then, in 2008, the group of Patrick Chinnery in New ...
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... There is very little data on the cell biology of PR1s in plants. In Arabidopsis, PR1 protein tagged with mCherry was found to accumulate in high levels in the apoplastic space of the epidermis of cotyledons of wild-type seedlings, with only a weak signal detected in the vacuolar lumen [8]. However, ...
... There is very little data on the cell biology of PR1s in plants. In Arabidopsis, PR1 protein tagged with mCherry was found to accumulate in high levels in the apoplastic space of the epidermis of cotyledons of wild-type seedlings, with only a weak signal detected in the vacuolar lumen [8]. However, ...
Global transcriptional control by glucose and
... ABSTRACT The catabolite control protein CcpA is a pleiotropic regulator that mediates the global transcriptional response to rapidly catabolizable carbohydrates, like glucose in Gram-positive bacteria. By whole transcriptome analyses, we characterized glucosedependent and CcpA-dependent gene regulat ...
... ABSTRACT The catabolite control protein CcpA is a pleiotropic regulator that mediates the global transcriptional response to rapidly catabolizable carbohydrates, like glucose in Gram-positive bacteria. By whole transcriptome analyses, we characterized glucosedependent and CcpA-dependent gene regulat ...
Sequence variation characteristics of D
... The genes of mtDNA are essential for organelle function. It has been documented that the maternal lineage effects account significantly for differences in milk yield, fat yield , fat percentage, fat corrected milk volume, milk net economic returns, days open, and days to first breeding in dairy catt ...
... The genes of mtDNA are essential for organelle function. It has been documented that the maternal lineage effects account significantly for differences in milk yield, fat yield , fat percentage, fat corrected milk volume, milk net economic returns, days open, and days to first breeding in dairy catt ...
regulation of mammalian acetyl
... cause enzyme inactivation and activation, respectively, and serve as the enzyme’s short-term regulatory mechanism. Covalently modified enzymes become more sensitive toward cellular metabolites. In addition, many hormones and nutrients affect gene expression. The gene products formed are heterogeneou ...
... cause enzyme inactivation and activation, respectively, and serve as the enzyme’s short-term regulatory mechanism. Covalently modified enzymes become more sensitive toward cellular metabolites. In addition, many hormones and nutrients affect gene expression. The gene products formed are heterogeneou ...
Bio CET 2015 Key Answers
... Solution : Variable number of tandem repeats are the loci for DNA fingerprinting techniques, Introns and Exons are spliced to form a processed eukaryotic mRNA, Dystrophin is the largest gene measuring up to 2.4 Mb the Satellite DNA contains repeats that bulk the DNA content. Smack and Crack are prod ...
... Solution : Variable number of tandem repeats are the loci for DNA fingerprinting techniques, Introns and Exons are spliced to form a processed eukaryotic mRNA, Dystrophin is the largest gene measuring up to 2.4 Mb the Satellite DNA contains repeats that bulk the DNA content. Smack and Crack are prod ...
Conclusion - Federal Register of Legislation
... Detailed molecular analyses indicate that one copy of each of the vip3Aa20 and pmi genes has been inserted at a single site in the plant genome and the genes are stably inherited from one generation to the next. No antibiotic resistance marker genes are present in MIR162 corn. MIR162 expresses two n ...
... Detailed molecular analyses indicate that one copy of each of the vip3Aa20 and pmi genes has been inserted at a single site in the plant genome and the genes are stably inherited from one generation to the next. No antibiotic resistance marker genes are present in MIR162 corn. MIR162 expresses two n ...
The sucrose-cleaving enzymes of plants are crucial for development
... osmotic potential. Thus, not only cell wall-loosening enzymes33 but also osmotic factors, such as hexoses generated by sucrose cleavage by vacuolar invertases, are crucial for cell expansion. The results also indicate that in expansion sinks, cleavage of sucrose by vacuolar invertases can actively d ...
... osmotic potential. Thus, not only cell wall-loosening enzymes33 but also osmotic factors, such as hexoses generated by sucrose cleavage by vacuolar invertases, are crucial for cell expansion. The results also indicate that in expansion sinks, cleavage of sucrose by vacuolar invertases can actively d ...
Sequence and evolutionary analysis of the human trypsin subfamily
... specificity or inhibitor sensitivity. Each clan is given a twoletter identifier, of which the first letter is an abbreviation for the catalytic type, S for serine, C for cysteine, A for aspartic, and so forth (with the letter ‘‘P’’ being used for a clan containing families of more than one of the ca ...
... specificity or inhibitor sensitivity. Each clan is given a twoletter identifier, of which the first letter is an abbreviation for the catalytic type, S for serine, C for cysteine, A for aspartic, and so forth (with the letter ‘‘P’’ being used for a clan containing families of more than one of the ca ...
What is Biology? Biology and Biologists: Overview What is Biology
... RNA Structure and Function The Initiation of Transcription Elongation, Termination, and Processing The Transcription of DNA to RNA: Summary Translation: Protein Synthesis: Overview ...
... RNA Structure and Function The Initiation of Transcription Elongation, Termination, and Processing The Transcription of DNA to RNA: Summary Translation: Protein Synthesis: Overview ...
A New Cell Secreting Insulin
... NSULIN GENE expression and secretion of insulin protein in all adult animals, including humans, are still known to be pancreatic -cell specific. A search for an alternative source of pancreatic -cells in nature has not yet been successful. Insulin-like material was detected in the bacteria Escheri ...
... NSULIN GENE expression and secretion of insulin protein in all adult animals, including humans, are still known to be pancreatic -cell specific. A search for an alternative source of pancreatic -cells in nature has not yet been successful. Insulin-like material was detected in the bacteria Escheri ...
SPT4, a gene important for tr
... mapping with PvuII confirmed that the site of insertion is approximately 1.8 kb to the left of the HindIII site, within the SPT4 open reading frame (Fig. 1). The twostep gene replacement method (Scherer and Davis 1979) was used, beginning with strain JF125, to construct a diploid strain containing s ...
... mapping with PvuII confirmed that the site of insertion is approximately 1.8 kb to the left of the HindIII site, within the SPT4 open reading frame (Fig. 1). The twostep gene replacement method (Scherer and Davis 1979) was used, beginning with strain JF125, to construct a diploid strain containing s ...
New therapeutic approaches for Human African trypanosomiasis
... B.4.2. Panning. ................................................................................. 51 B.4.3. Amplification of the eluted specific phages for the next round of panning..................................................................... 52 B.4.4. Infection of E. coli TG1 cells with elu ...
... B.4.2. Panning. ................................................................................. 51 B.4.3. Amplification of the eluted specific phages for the next round of panning..................................................................... 52 B.4.4. Infection of E. coli TG1 cells with elu ...
Distribution and phylogenies of enzymes of the Embden
... has gained wide acceptance, although it has detractors. However, even a putative RNA-based “organism” could have arisen only from a prebiotic chemical environment conducive to its existence (Poole et al. 1999). Although these theories and their associated predictions have done much to provide explan ...
... has gained wide acceptance, although it has detractors. However, even a putative RNA-based “organism” could have arisen only from a prebiotic chemical environment conducive to its existence (Poole et al. 1999). Although these theories and their associated predictions have done much to provide explan ...
CENTRAL TEXAS COLLEGE
... Work independently and cooperatively to use scientific methods during laboratory investigations. B. Use critical thinking and scientific problem-solving to make informed decisions in a real-world context. C. Relate evolution as the core theme of biology and understand that evolution accounts for bot ...
... Work independently and cooperatively to use scientific methods during laboratory investigations. B. Use critical thinking and scientific problem-solving to make informed decisions in a real-world context. C. Relate evolution as the core theme of biology and understand that evolution accounts for bot ...
cell biology - Bio
... Cell Biology, A Short Course aims to cover a wide area of cell biology in a form especially suitable for first year undergraduates. We have deliberately kept the book to a manageable size so that neither the cost, the content, nor the weight is too daunting for the student. The overall theme for the ...
... Cell Biology, A Short Course aims to cover a wide area of cell biology in a form especially suitable for first year undergraduates. We have deliberately kept the book to a manageable size so that neither the cost, the content, nor the weight is too daunting for the student. The overall theme for the ...
Evolution of the Aldose Reductase-Related Gecko Eye Lens Protein
... these sequences (not shown) confirmed that this superfamily of proteins, the aldo-keto reductases, is highly divergent, with multiple representatives in diverse proand eukaryotes. However, most vertebrate sequences clustered together, as observed earlier (Jez et al. 1997; Seery et al. 1998). Therefo ...
... these sequences (not shown) confirmed that this superfamily of proteins, the aldo-keto reductases, is highly divergent, with multiple representatives in diverse proand eukaryotes. However, most vertebrate sequences clustered together, as observed earlier (Jez et al. 1997; Seery et al. 1998). Therefo ...
Molecular Characterisation of the 76 kDa Iron
... Genes encoding subunits of complex I (EC 1.6.5.3) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain vary in their locations between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in different organisms, whereas genes for a homologous multisubunit complex in chloroplasts have to date only been found on the plastid genom ...
... Genes encoding subunits of complex I (EC 1.6.5.3) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain vary in their locations between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in different organisms, whereas genes for a homologous multisubunit complex in chloroplasts have to date only been found on the plastid genom ...
Amino Acid Sequencing
... Homologous structures are structures believed to have a common origin but not necessarily a common function. These structures provide some of the most significant evidence supporting the theory of evolution. For example, the forelimbs of vertebrates often have different functions and outward appeara ...
... Homologous structures are structures believed to have a common origin but not necessarily a common function. These structures provide some of the most significant evidence supporting the theory of evolution. For example, the forelimbs of vertebrates often have different functions and outward appeara ...
Chaperone-dependent gene expression of organic
... According to Quyen et al. [3], the lipase genes can be divided into three groups, designated classes I to III and based on homology. Class III is only distantly related to the other classes. Pseudomonas lipases of classes I and II, including the broadly used lipases of P. cepacia, and P. glumae (cla ...
... According to Quyen et al. [3], the lipase genes can be divided into three groups, designated classes I to III and based on homology. Class III is only distantly related to the other classes. Pseudomonas lipases of classes I and II, including the broadly used lipases of P. cepacia, and P. glumae (cla ...
Trade-offs between tRNA abundance and mRNA secondary
... Translation of protein from mRNA is a complex multistep process that occurs at a non-uniform rate. Variability in ribosome speed along an mRNA enables refinement of the proteome and plays a critical role in protein biogenesis. Detailed single protein studies have found both tRNA abundance and mRNA s ...
... Translation of protein from mRNA is a complex multistep process that occurs at a non-uniform rate. Variability in ribosome speed along an mRNA enables refinement of the proteome and plays a critical role in protein biogenesis. Detailed single protein studies have found both tRNA abundance and mRNA s ...
A role for interleukin-1 in epidermal differentiation
... IL-1 RI or IL-1 RII, the number of these receptors on keratinocytes in vitro was found to vary depending on culture conditions. Total receptor number decreased initially as keratinocyte cultures became confluent and more differentiated (Kupper et al., 1988), although induction of terminal differenti ...
... IL-1 RI or IL-1 RII, the number of these receptors on keratinocytes in vitro was found to vary depending on culture conditions. Total receptor number decreased initially as keratinocyte cultures became confluent and more differentiated (Kupper et al., 1988), although induction of terminal differenti ...
Defining the Schistosoma haematobium kinome enables the
... Figs 1–11), consistent with their classification using an approach based on hidden Markov models (HMMs). Seven kinase sequences were excluded from phylogenetic analysis, because the catalytic domain of one or both representatives of the orthologous pair did not match the trematode-specific HMM. Six ...
... Figs 1–11), consistent with their classification using an approach based on hidden Markov models (HMMs). Seven kinase sequences were excluded from phylogenetic analysis, because the catalytic domain of one or both representatives of the orthologous pair did not match the trematode-specific HMM. Six ...
Ethylene is involved in strawberry fruit ripening in an organ
... and both organs are connected through vascular bundles (Perkins-Veazie, 1995). These two organs, the achene and the receptacle, although highly interconnected throughout their developmental programmes, particularly at early developmental stages, are very different in terms of cell ontogeny and funct ...
... and both organs are connected through vascular bundles (Perkins-Veazie, 1995). These two organs, the achene and the receptacle, although highly interconnected throughout their developmental programmes, particularly at early developmental stages, are very different in terms of cell ontogeny and funct ...
Metabolic decision making by protein-metabolite - ETH E
... form of metabolites that modulate the activity of regulatory proteins. However, how this complex interplay of regulatory layers and metabolic feedback ultimately gives rise to a coordinated metabolic response is currently only poorly understood. The aim of this thesis is to elucidate ...
... form of metabolites that modulate the activity of regulatory proteins. However, how this complex interplay of regulatory layers and metabolic feedback ultimately gives rise to a coordinated metabolic response is currently only poorly understood. The aim of this thesis is to elucidate ...
Endogenous retrovirus
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%). ERVs are a subclass of a type of gene called a transposon, which can be packaged and moved within the genome to serve a vital role in gene expression and in regulation. Researchers have suggested that retroviruses evolved from a type of transposable gene called a retrotransposon, which includes ERVs; these genes can mutate and instead of moving to another location in the genome they can become exogenous or pathogenic. This means that all ERVs may not have originated as an insertion by a retrovirus but that some may have been the source for the genetic information in the retroviruses they resemble.