Engineering Acetyl Coenzyme A Supply: Functional Expression of a
... the mitochondrial matrix. However, in this yeast, acetyl-CoA generated in the mitochondrion cannot meet the requirement for cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Instead, a separate pathway known as the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass, which involves pyruvate decarboxylase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and acetyl-CoA ...
... the mitochondrial matrix. However, in this yeast, acetyl-CoA generated in the mitochondrion cannot meet the requirement for cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Instead, a separate pathway known as the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass, which involves pyruvate decarboxylase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and acetyl-CoA ...
Supporting document 1 Safety assessment
... directly before the 3’ integration point, generating a 501 bp open reading frame (ORF) that extends into the 3’ flanking sequence of the inserted DNA. There is no detectable transcription of this ORF in CV127. The inserted DNA also contains the majority of the A. thaliana SEC61γ (AtSEC61γ) subunit g ...
... directly before the 3’ integration point, generating a 501 bp open reading frame (ORF) that extends into the 3’ flanking sequence of the inserted DNA. There is no detectable transcription of this ORF in CV127. The inserted DNA also contains the majority of the A. thaliana SEC61γ (AtSEC61γ) subunit g ...
BIF CH4 5th proofs.qxd
... genes with a strong similarity to the new sequence. This will provide the first clues to the type of protein the new gene encodes and its possible function. Similarities in sequence can also help in making predictions about a protein’s structure (see Chapters 11–14). Sequences of proteins or DNAs fr ...
... genes with a strong similarity to the new sequence. This will provide the first clues to the type of protein the new gene encodes and its possible function. Similarities in sequence can also help in making predictions about a protein’s structure (see Chapters 11–14). Sequences of proteins or DNAs fr ...
Multiomics of tomato glandular trichomes reveals
... al., 2012; Schilmiller et al., 2012; Brückner et al., 2014), and no comprehensive study has been conducted to link the downstream biosynthesis steps to central and energy metabolisms in these cells. Understanding how the core metabolic network in these specialized cells is organized t ...
... al., 2012; Schilmiller et al., 2012; Brückner et al., 2014), and no comprehensive study has been conducted to link the downstream biosynthesis steps to central and energy metabolisms in these cells. Understanding how the core metabolic network in these specialized cells is organized t ...
An Investigation of Acetobacter aceti N5
... assessed and compared to AaPurE. AaPurE was found to be significantly more thermostable than EcPurE over the entire pH range surveyed. Comparison of the pHrate profiles constructed for AaPurE with recently reported pH-rate profiles for EcPurE indicate that the two do not differ significantly, indica ...
... assessed and compared to AaPurE. AaPurE was found to be significantly more thermostable than EcPurE over the entire pH range surveyed. Comparison of the pHrate profiles constructed for AaPurE with recently reported pH-rate profiles for EcPurE indicate that the two do not differ significantly, indica ...
Regulators of Ubiquitin Dependent Protein Degradation in the
... functions in cells. Ubiquitination of target proteins requires an enzyme cascade including ubiquitin ligases (E3s). One group of E3s contains cullins as the core component. Activity of these cullin containing E3s is modulated by the covalent modification of cullin with the ubiquitin like protein Ned ...
... functions in cells. Ubiquitination of target proteins requires an enzyme cascade including ubiquitin ligases (E3s). One group of E3s contains cullins as the core component. Activity of these cullin containing E3s is modulated by the covalent modification of cullin with the ubiquitin like protein Ned ...
Obesity and the regulation of fat metabolism
... endocrine organ (Rondinone, 2006; Trayhurn and Bing, 2006). This was principally based on the discovery of leptin, a cytokine-like hormone secreted from white adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass (Friedman and Halaas, 1998). Activation of hypothalamic leptin receptors suppresses food intake and ...
... endocrine organ (Rondinone, 2006; Trayhurn and Bing, 2006). This was principally based on the discovery of leptin, a cytokine-like hormone secreted from white adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass (Friedman and Halaas, 1998). Activation of hypothalamic leptin receptors suppresses food intake and ...
A conserved N-‐terminal domain of Rif2 regulates telomere length in
... used in this study are listed in the supplementary tables S1-‐S6. All restriction enzymes used in these experiments were from New England Biolabs. NAAIRS mutagenesis We scanned the entire RIF2 gene ...
... used in this study are listed in the supplementary tables S1-‐S6. All restriction enzymes used in these experiments were from New England Biolabs. NAAIRS mutagenesis We scanned the entire RIF2 gene ...
Inhibition of Wound-Induced Accumulation of
... expression can be prevented by SA or aspirin (Doherty et al., 1988; Peña-Cortés et al., 1993; Doares et al., 1995). Previous results have shown that SA or aspirin inhibit the conversion of 13-HPLA to 12-oxo-PDA, thereby inhibiting the signal pathway by blocking the synthesis of JA (PeñaCortés et ...
... expression can be prevented by SA or aspirin (Doherty et al., 1988; Peña-Cortés et al., 1993; Doares et al., 1995). Previous results have shown that SA or aspirin inhibit the conversion of 13-HPLA to 12-oxo-PDA, thereby inhibiting the signal pathway by blocking the synthesis of JA (PeñaCortés et ...
Document
... Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogenic peptide hormones produced by all known vertebrates, mainly in the liver. Two separate IGFs (IGF-I and IGF-II) have been identified in bony fish and have been shown to mediate the growthpromoting actions of pituitary growth hormone (GH) (Reinecke et al ...
... Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogenic peptide hormones produced by all known vertebrates, mainly in the liver. Two separate IGFs (IGF-I and IGF-II) have been identified in bony fish and have been shown to mediate the growthpromoting actions of pituitary growth hormone (GH) (Reinecke et al ...
Identification of two amino acid residues which - Wiley-VCH
... a crystallized enzyme-substrate complex of the related enzyme chitobiase. The model contains a central hydrophilic region referred to as the “substrate cavity”. Figure 2 shows only this portion of the proposed structure. The three residues implicated in active site function cluster on the “left” sid ...
... a crystallized enzyme-substrate complex of the related enzyme chitobiase. The model contains a central hydrophilic region referred to as the “substrate cavity”. Figure 2 shows only this portion of the proposed structure. The three residues implicated in active site function cluster on the “left” sid ...
Structure and function of the eukaryotic ADP
... The ADP-dependent glucokinase enzymes (ADPGK) are the first new glycolytic enzymes to be discovered in over 40 years. This class of enzymes was first described in thermophilic archaea in 1994. A decade later, an ADPGK from a eukaryote was also identified and characterised. The ADPGK enzymes catalyse ...
... The ADP-dependent glucokinase enzymes (ADPGK) are the first new glycolytic enzymes to be discovered in over 40 years. This class of enzymes was first described in thermophilic archaea in 1994. A decade later, an ADPGK from a eukaryote was also identified and characterised. The ADPGK enzymes catalyse ...
Tetrahymena Contain Two Distinct and Unusual High Mobility Group
... Examination of the pattern of LG-1 and LG-2 synthesis during the sexual phase of the life cycle, conjugation, demonstrates that the synthesis of LG-1 and LG-2 is coordinately increased from basal levels during the differentiation of new macronuclei (7-13 h), suggesting that both of these proteins pl ...
... Examination of the pattern of LG-1 and LG-2 synthesis during the sexual phase of the life cycle, conjugation, demonstrates that the synthesis of LG-1 and LG-2 is coordinately increased from basal levels during the differentiation of new macronuclei (7-13 h), suggesting that both of these proteins pl ...
Identification of genomic features in the classification of loss
... Background: Alterations of a genome can lead to changes in protein functions. Through these genetic mutations, a protein can lose its native function (loss-of-function, LoF), or it can confer a new function (gain-of-function, GoF). However, when a mutation occurs, it is difficult to determine whethe ...
... Background: Alterations of a genome can lead to changes in protein functions. Through these genetic mutations, a protein can lose its native function (loss-of-function, LoF), or it can confer a new function (gain-of-function, GoF). However, when a mutation occurs, it is difficult to determine whethe ...
Dateien anzeigen - Universität Düsseldorf
... metabolism of G. oxydans also poses a problem, which is the low cell yield resulting in high costs for biomass production. This study aimed at an increase of the cell yield of G. oxydans on glucose in order to improve its application potential. For this purpose, prevention of incomplete glucose oxid ...
... metabolism of G. oxydans also poses a problem, which is the low cell yield resulting in high costs for biomass production. This study aimed at an increase of the cell yield of G. oxydans on glucose in order to improve its application potential. For this purpose, prevention of incomplete glucose oxid ...
AraC Protein, Regulation of the L-arabinose Operon in Escherichia
... showed that the assay could be used for the detection of AraC in crude extracts, for assay of activity, the measurement of association and dissociation rates, and for the measurement of equilibrium-binding constants (Hendrickson & Schleif, 1984). It is also suitable for measuring the kinetics of bin ...
... showed that the assay could be used for the detection of AraC in crude extracts, for assay of activity, the measurement of association and dissociation rates, and for the measurement of equilibrium-binding constants (Hendrickson & Schleif, 1984). It is also suitable for measuring the kinetics of bin ...
Function and Control of the Spx-Family of Proteins Within
... gene is called trmA, but this assignment had already been given to the gene encoding a highly conserved tRNA-rRNA methylase in bacteria, including members of the Firmicutes. In B. subtilis, the gene, yjbD (now known as spx), encoding an ArsC-like protein, was observed to be activated by several stre ...
... gene is called trmA, but this assignment had already been given to the gene encoding a highly conserved tRNA-rRNA methylase in bacteria, including members of the Firmicutes. In B. subtilis, the gene, yjbD (now known as spx), encoding an ArsC-like protein, was observed to be activated by several stre ...
Autotrophic CO2 fixation via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle in
... from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and that use inorganic carbon as the source for cell carbon – are likely to have been among the first types of organisms on Earth (e.g. Huber and Wächtershäuser, 1997; Russell and Hall, 1997). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and whole genomes place a ...
... from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and that use inorganic carbon as the source for cell carbon – are likely to have been among the first types of organisms on Earth (e.g. Huber and Wächtershäuser, 1997; Russell and Hall, 1997). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and whole genomes place a ...
General introduction - University of Amsterdam
... C. albicans is a polymorphic diploid ascomycete that is a commensal in healthy human hosts, but an opportunistic pathogen when the immune system is weakened. Several clades exist worldwide: North American clades I-III and European and African-specific clades, but no correlation has been found between ...
... C. albicans is a polymorphic diploid ascomycete that is a commensal in healthy human hosts, but an opportunistic pathogen when the immune system is weakened. Several clades exist worldwide: North American clades I-III and European and African-specific clades, but no correlation has been found between ...
Multiple Functions of the New Cytokine
... thymic stromal cell line and was shown to support B-cell growth and development [1]. The human homologue of TSLP was cloned and characterized in 2001 and showed only 43% amino acid sequence identity with mouse TSLP [2]. Despite the low amino acid sequence homology, human and murine TSLP are function ...
... thymic stromal cell line and was shown to support B-cell growth and development [1]. The human homologue of TSLP was cloned and characterized in 2001 and showed only 43% amino acid sequence identity with mouse TSLP [2]. Despite the low amino acid sequence homology, human and murine TSLP are function ...
Pseudomon-1 motif
... “gene-associated” motifs. By contrast, the new pipeline compares (by nucleotide BLAST) the sequences of IGRs without regard for the type of protein-coding gene residing nearby. The new pipeline is thus directed at finding RNA motifs that are not gene-associated, i.e., are “gene-independent” motifs. ...
... “gene-associated” motifs. By contrast, the new pipeline compares (by nucleotide BLAST) the sequences of IGRs without regard for the type of protein-coding gene residing nearby. The new pipeline is thus directed at finding RNA motifs that are not gene-associated, i.e., are “gene-independent” motifs. ...
Cells Phenotype of Human Tolerogenic Dendritic Glycolytic
... Analysis of DC surface marker expression showed that HLA-DR (MHC class II), CD83, and CD86 expression levels in tolerogenic moDCs were similar to immature moDCs. Furthermore, tolerogenic moDCs exhibited a resistance to maturation following LPS stimulation, compared with mature moDCs, which had high ...
... Analysis of DC surface marker expression showed that HLA-DR (MHC class II), CD83, and CD86 expression levels in tolerogenic moDCs were similar to immature moDCs. Furthermore, tolerogenic moDCs exhibited a resistance to maturation following LPS stimulation, compared with mature moDCs, which had high ...
Design considerations for highly specific and efficient
... Off-target analysis should include gaps ...
... Off-target analysis should include gaps ...
biosynthesis of fatty acids - Academic Research Collections
... because they can make it if P-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), one of the components of folic acid, is available. Thus PABA is a vitamin for these bacteria. If sulphanilamide is administered, it competes with PABA in the enzymatic synthesis of folic acid due to its structural similarity and inhibits the gr ...
... because they can make it if P-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), one of the components of folic acid, is available. Thus PABA is a vitamin for these bacteria. If sulphanilamide is administered, it competes with PABA in the enzymatic synthesis of folic acid due to its structural similarity and inhibits the gr ...
Endogenous retrovirus
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%). ERVs are a subclass of a type of gene called a transposon, which can be packaged and moved within the genome to serve a vital role in gene expression and in regulation. Researchers have suggested that retroviruses evolved from a type of transposable gene called a retrotransposon, which includes ERVs; these genes can mutate and instead of moving to another location in the genome they can become exogenous or pathogenic. This means that all ERVs may not have originated as an insertion by a retrovirus but that some may have been the source for the genetic information in the retroviruses they resemble.