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Section 15.1 – Totipotency and cells specialisation
Section 15.1 – Totipotency and cells specialisation

... Oestrogen is lipid soluble and can pass through the phospholipid bi-layer of the plasma membrane into the cyctoplasm Once inside the cytoplasm it binds to a complementary receptor site on the transcriptional factor molecule When it does so the transcriptional factor changes shape and thus releases t ...
Gene Section POU2AF1 (POU domain, class 2, associating factor 1)
Gene Section POU2AF1 (POU domain, class 2, associating factor 1)

... Spans on a 30 kb genomic fragment; five exons; large fifth exon, with many 3'-UTR repetitive elements, two pyrimidine rich regions (a duplicated CT-rich region and a [CCTT]n tetranucleotide tandem repeat) and a ...
PowerPoint 簡報
PowerPoint 簡報

... Chapter 16 Gene regulation in Prokaryotes ...
Protein Synthesis: Part I: Transcription
Protein Synthesis: Part I: Transcription

... p  mRNA copies DNA p  mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome p  mRNA complements known as codons ...
Transcriptional Control
Transcriptional Control

... 1. Inactive repressor is made active in the presence of tryptophan 2. Tryptophan is not synthesized since RNA polymerase cannot bond to promoter ...
BIO 103 - Genes
BIO 103 - Genes

... template strand: used to make RNA coding strand: complementary to the template strand RNA polymerase: puts nucleotides together to make RNA strand ...
8.4 Transcription - Issaquah Connect
8.4 Transcription - Issaquah Connect

... c. The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed. d. RNA polymerase bonds the nucleotides together. 4. Original DNA Strand ...
Chapter 19.
Chapter 19.

... transcription factors have easier access to genes ...
Gene Expression
Gene Expression

... All levels of transcription and translation are involved: 1. DNA sequence will encode for specific regulation – promoters, exons/introns, etc 2. RNAs – will affect which genes complete the process to become proteins 3. Proteins – function as enzymes and machinery to activate or silence specific gene ...
Gene Expression
Gene Expression

... All levels of transcription and translation are involved: 1. DNA sequence will encode for specific regulation – promoters, exons/introns, etc 2. RNAs – will affect which genes complete the process to become proteins 3. Proteins – function as enzymes and machinery to activate or silence specific gene ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis

...  Shaped like a “hair pin” or a T  Responsible for bringing the amino acids for translation  Contains “anti-codons” that match up with mRNA temporarily ...
Tuesday5/10
Tuesday5/10

... Herman, at right, is the first transgenic dairy animal engineered to make the human milk protein, lactoferrin, which is an antibacterial protein that can be used to treat immunosuppressed patients and could be incorporated into infant formula. ...
Gene expression and regulation
Gene expression and regulation

... RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which play a role in the translation process. Transcription involves four steps: Initiation. The DNA molecule unwinds and separates to form a small open complex. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of the template strand (also known as the 'sense strand' or 'cod ...
Some transcription factors ("Enhancer
Some transcription factors ("Enhancer

... transcription as well as the cell-type specificity. Enhancers can be located at varying distances and upstream, within, or downstream, of the genes they control. The portions of the gene that encode the amino acid sequence of a protein are called the exons. These protein-coding regions can be interr ...
GENES
GENES

... transcription)in which the introns are removed and the exons are joined.  in coding segments exons are part of the 1.5% coding DNA, in non coding segments introns are part of the 98.5% non coding DNA. ...
Document
Document

... RNA has catalytic role (snRNA) in Eukaryotic Cells and in protozoan (p. 336) Why can RNA act as an enzyme (Ribozyme)? Alternative RNA splicing --- One exon codes for one domain of a protein (p. 336) Introns allow for more crossing over without disrupting domain coding = new proteins sequences. ...
Table S2. Functional classification of differentially expressed genes
Table S2. Functional classification of differentially expressed genes

... Protein secretion/export apparatus ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... levels are low – but transcription only proceeds when lactose is present ...
13Johnson
13Johnson

... levels are low – but transcription only proceeds when lactose is present ...
O 1 - UCSF Tetrad Program
O 1 - UCSF Tetrad Program

... 1. Every step in transcription initiation can be regulated to increase or decrease the number of successful initiations per time. 2. In E. coli, transcription initiation is controlled primarily by alternative  factors and by a large variety of other sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. 3. G=RTl ...
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes in Protein Synthesis
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes in Protein Synthesis

... purine rich area on mRNA ...
File - Mrs. Badger`s Honors Biology Class
File - Mrs. Badger`s Honors Biology Class

... _____ 2. The main function of tRNA is to a. carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins. b. form a portion of ribosomes, a cell’s protein factories. c. string together complementary RNA and DNA strands. d. bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes. _____ 3. What is the term for ...
Concept Check Questions with answers
Concept Check Questions with answers

... histones and DNA enable these molecules to bind tightly together? ...
Exam 3
Exam 3

... Describe DNA replication (what is meant by semi-conservative?) and the enzyme functions involved (DNA Polymerase III, DNA Polymerase I, DNA gyrase, helicase, single strand binding (SSB) proteins, primase, ligase. How is leading and lagging strand synthesis different? What is a replisome? How do bact ...
genes
genes

... Regulatory gene – Produces the repressor protein which binds to the operator and turns off the gene Promoter gene – site where RNA polymerase binds to the DNA 4. In primitive prokaryotes life bacteria, the promoter and their associated structural genes are called an operon (Fig 10-17). a. Describe ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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