1 Can Behaviors Be Adaptations?* Catherine Driscoll Department of
... argued that sociobiology is unworkable because it requires that human behaviors can be adaptations; however, behaviors produced by a functionalist psychology do not meet Lewontin’s quasi-independence criterion and therefore cannot be adaptations. Consequently, an evolutionary psychology - which rega ...
... argued that sociobiology is unworkable because it requires that human behaviors can be adaptations; however, behaviors produced by a functionalist psychology do not meet Lewontin’s quasi-independence criterion and therefore cannot be adaptations. Consequently, an evolutionary psychology - which rega ...
Correlation between sequence divergence and polymorphism
... effects of positive selection and relaxed purifying selection on nucleotide substitution rates based on changes in the relative ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous changes before and after selection has acted [11,12]. Accordingly, positive selection is expected to lead to a significantly higher ra ...
... effects of positive selection and relaxed purifying selection on nucleotide substitution rates based on changes in the relative ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous changes before and after selection has acted [11,12]. Accordingly, positive selection is expected to lead to a significantly higher ra ...
An evolutionary model of language change and language
... variable in their linguistic productions, using different variants in varying frequencies that reflect social factors, such as age, gender, social class or group, and the social context of use. This is best documented in sound structure (phonology), but also occurs in grammatical structures as well ...
... variable in their linguistic productions, using different variants in varying frequencies that reflect social factors, such as age, gender, social class or group, and the social context of use. This is best documented in sound structure (phonology), but also occurs in grammatical structures as well ...
The Evolution and Consequences of Sex-Specific
... These models have highlighted that selection against reproductive variance may be a subtle yet significant force in the evolution of many different traits in natural populations (Rice 2008, for a general discussion). However, it remains unclear how selection on reproductive variance, and its feedback ...
... These models have highlighted that selection against reproductive variance may be a subtle yet significant force in the evolution of many different traits in natural populations (Rice 2008, for a general discussion). However, it remains unclear how selection on reproductive variance, and its feedback ...
A Novel Compact Genetic Algorithm using Offspring Survival
... cGA using os-ES. Section IV shows the simulation results on well-known benchmark functions. Section V presents the summary of the results. ...
... cGA using os-ES. Section IV shows the simulation results on well-known benchmark functions. Section V presents the summary of the results. ...
Evolution and Extinction in a Changing Environment
... Abstract.-Because of the ubiquity of genetic variation for quantitative traits, virtually all populations have some capacity to respond evolutionarily to selective challenges. However, natural selection imposes demographic costs on a population, and if these costs are sufficiently large, the likelih ...
... Abstract.-Because of the ubiquity of genetic variation for quantitative traits, virtually all populations have some capacity to respond evolutionarily to selective challenges. However, natural selection imposes demographic costs on a population, and if these costs are sufficiently large, the likelih ...
Untitled
... origin. Given the right set of conditions, these fish will mate with other farm or wild fish and contribute to the wild genepool. The question that concerns all stakeholders interested in wild fish populations is - Does the incursion of farm fish into a wild stock threaten the viability of the wild ...
... origin. Given the right set of conditions, these fish will mate with other farm or wild fish and contribute to the wild genepool. The question that concerns all stakeholders interested in wild fish populations is - Does the incursion of farm fish into a wild stock threaten the viability of the wild ...
The Advantages of Segregation and the Evolution of Sex
... spread of a favored allele, A, within a population. Although it is nonstandard, I continue to use the fitness regime described by (2) as this makes it easier to recognize parallels between the results with purifying and directional selection. The arguments made in the previous paragraph continue to ...
... spread of a favored allele, A, within a population. Although it is nonstandard, I continue to use the fitness regime described by (2) as this makes it easier to recognize parallels between the results with purifying and directional selection. The arguments made in the previous paragraph continue to ...
B - Dendrome
... Quantify and evaluate population dynamics Use software to calculate population parameters based on genetic markers Distinguish strategies for mapping markers and quantitative trait loci Understand marker development and marker-assisted applications Predict and evaluate alternative breeding strategie ...
... Quantify and evaluate population dynamics Use software to calculate population parameters based on genetic markers Distinguish strategies for mapping markers and quantitative trait loci Understand marker development and marker-assisted applications Predict and evaluate alternative breeding strategie ...
phenotypic correlations - Watson et al (v91)
... Here we build on this prior work with the aim of identifying organisational principles to predict how past selection shapes the properties of non-linear developmental processes. Rather than assuming a simple linear model of phenotypic correlations, or a highly complex G-P mapping where we would have ...
... Here we build on this prior work with the aim of identifying organisational principles to predict how past selection shapes the properties of non-linear developmental processes. Rather than assuming a simple linear model of phenotypic correlations, or a highly complex G-P mapping where we would have ...
Direct and indirect consequences of meiotic recombination
... the biased transmission of non-recombinogenic alleles over recombinogenic ones in hotspots of recombination [19]. The third, which we term ‘indel drive’, refers to the biased transmission of either the shorter or longer allele of an indel during meiosis. In addition to this, the contentious possibil ...
... the biased transmission of non-recombinogenic alleles over recombinogenic ones in hotspots of recombination [19]. The third, which we term ‘indel drive’, refers to the biased transmission of either the shorter or longer allele of an indel during meiosis. In addition to this, the contentious possibil ...
The making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation
... n. The Hardy-Weinberg principle predicts that the genotype frequencies of the offspring will be the same as those of the parent population if the population is not evolving. Were the allele and genotype frequencies that you calculated in the parent population and in the first generation of offspring ...
... n. The Hardy-Weinberg principle predicts that the genotype frequencies of the offspring will be the same as those of the parent population if the population is not evolving. Were the allele and genotype frequencies that you calculated in the parent population and in the first generation of offspring ...
Genetic drift vs. natural selection in a long-term small
... species) and uninterrupted reading frames, while two DRB loci had low diversity among species and an apparent loss of function (Baker et al. 2006). Balancing selection retards the rate of fixation of alleles and increases the level of heterozygosity in comparison with neutral predictions (Muirhead 2 ...
... species) and uninterrupted reading frames, while two DRB loci had low diversity among species and an apparent loss of function (Baker et al. 2006). Balancing selection retards the rate of fixation of alleles and increases the level of heterozygosity in comparison with neutral predictions (Muirhead 2 ...
Reduced X-linked nucleotide polymorphism in Drosophila simulans
... of background selection vis-à-vis levels of autosomal vs. X-linked variation. The D. simulans genome has three properties that make it well suited for comparisons of X-linked and autosomal polymorphism. First, the high nucleotide variability of its genome (21) facilitates comparisons of levels of v ...
... of background selection vis-à-vis levels of autosomal vs. X-linked variation. The D. simulans genome has three properties that make it well suited for comparisons of X-linked and autosomal polymorphism. First, the high nucleotide variability of its genome (21) facilitates comparisons of levels of v ...
Lab 10: Population Genetics
... 1. Large breeding population. The effect of random changes in allele frequencies (genetic drift) is greatly reduced in a population with large number of individuals. 2. Random mating. Individuals in a population show no preference for mating with other individuals of a particular phenotype. 3. The a ...
... 1. Large breeding population. The effect of random changes in allele frequencies (genetic drift) is greatly reduced in a population with large number of individuals. 2. Random mating. Individuals in a population show no preference for mating with other individuals of a particular phenotype. 3. The a ...
Quantitative trait loci and the study of plant domestication
... in crosses between wild and domesticated sunflower, Burke et al. (2002) make the argument that ‘domestication may have occurred more readily without requiring the fortuitous occurrence of multiple major mutations.’ While this may be true if adaptation under artificial selection depends solely on novel ...
... in crosses between wild and domesticated sunflower, Burke et al. (2002) make the argument that ‘domestication may have occurred more readily without requiring the fortuitous occurrence of multiple major mutations.’ While this may be true if adaptation under artificial selection depends solely on novel ...
NONGENETIC SELECTION AND NONGENETIC INHERITANCE
... butterfly hatches is an intergenerationally-stable developmental factor. For this reason, variation in size due to variation in plant of hatching is intergenerationally stable and, thereby, selectable. Selection can increase the mean size of the butterflies despite the lack of genetically-caused var ...
... butterfly hatches is an intergenerationally-stable developmental factor. For this reason, variation in size due to variation in plant of hatching is intergenerationally stable and, thereby, selectable. Selection can increase the mean size of the butterflies despite the lack of genetically-caused var ...
werribee secondary college vce unit planner ~ 2004
... Tuesday: Natural selection, variation (mutation, allele frequencies, sexual selection) Friday: the evolution of man Homework: group task to find key dimensions of the chosen hominid due for Tuesday 19/5 lesson Tuesday: the evolution of man Thursday: speciation Friday: revision ...
... Tuesday: Natural selection, variation (mutation, allele frequencies, sexual selection) Friday: the evolution of man Homework: group task to find key dimensions of the chosen hominid due for Tuesday 19/5 lesson Tuesday: the evolution of man Thursday: speciation Friday: revision ...
The uSe of mAnnoSe SeleCTion SySTem foR gene
... g litre-1 mannose plus 30 g litre-1 sucrose for sugar beet (Joersbo et al., 1999), 5 g litre-1 mannose plus 20 g litre-1 sucrose for wheat (Wright et al., 2001), 10 g litre-1 mannose plus 5 g litre-1 glucose for tomato (Sigareva et al., 2004), 30 g litre-1 mannose for papaya (Zhu et al., 2005), 1-10 ...
... g litre-1 mannose plus 30 g litre-1 sucrose for sugar beet (Joersbo et al., 1999), 5 g litre-1 mannose plus 20 g litre-1 sucrose for wheat (Wright et al., 2001), 10 g litre-1 mannose plus 5 g litre-1 glucose for tomato (Sigareva et al., 2004), 30 g litre-1 mannose for papaya (Zhu et al., 2005), 1-10 ...
View PDF - Genetics
... ribosomal (Sloan et al. 2014b; Weng et al. 2016) and RNA polymerase complexes (Zhang et al. 2015), providing further evidence for changes in selection pressures. However, these studies could not confidently distinguish between two alternative explanations for increased dN/dS: positive selection an ...
... ribosomal (Sloan et al. 2014b; Weng et al. 2016) and RNA polymerase complexes (Zhang et al. 2015), providing further evidence for changes in selection pressures. However, these studies could not confidently distinguish between two alternative explanations for increased dN/dS: positive selection an ...
an overview of the genetic algorithm and its use for finding extrema
... information is stored in the three-letter words called codons, formed by the letters A, U, C, G. There are 43 = 64 such words. The sequences of these words convey the information necessary for the formation of proteins, which is the basis for the existence and reproduction of all living organisms. [ ...
... information is stored in the three-letter words called codons, formed by the letters A, U, C, G. There are 43 = 64 such words. The sequences of these words convey the information necessary for the formation of proteins, which is the basis for the existence and reproduction of all living organisms. [ ...
MQ (54) LIV 2 contents
... result, “the effects of polygenic adaptation on patterns of variation are generally modest and spread across many haplotypes across any one locus” (Turchin et al, 2012). A prediction of polygenic selection is that “the traitincreasing alleles will tend to have greater frequencies in the population w ...
... result, “the effects of polygenic adaptation on patterns of variation are generally modest and spread across many haplotypes across any one locus” (Turchin et al, 2012). A prediction of polygenic selection is that “the traitincreasing alleles will tend to have greater frequencies in the population w ...
PDF
... representation are common to all variants of the Bagle family. To develop a suitable high-level representation, we have taken the fingerprints of different variants of Bagle family and closely analyzed their different characteristics such as their parameters, their functional flow and the specific f ...
... representation are common to all variants of the Bagle family. To develop a suitable high-level representation, we have taken the fingerprints of different variants of Bagle family and closely analyzed their different characteristics such as their parameters, their functional flow and the specific f ...
Virtual Lab - Ants
... Modeling Natural Selection- Virtual Lab -Ants and abiotic Factors How does Natural Selection affect allele frequency? In this exploration you will investigate a simulated model of natural selection of an organism in different environments. The simulation represents the effect of predation on natural ...
... Modeling Natural Selection- Virtual Lab -Ants and abiotic Factors How does Natural Selection affect allele frequency? In this exploration you will investigate a simulated model of natural selection of an organism in different environments. The simulation represents the effect of predation on natural ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.