Perspectives on Memetics -Cultural Transmission as a
... Memes mutate in every act of transmission (imitation), even by the same person!!!! Meme’s eye view “does more to distort than enlighten our understanding of cultural processes” (p. 1) Gil-White, Francisco (2004). Common Misunderstandings of memes (and genes). In S. Hurley & N Chater (Eds), Perspecti ...
... Memes mutate in every act of transmission (imitation), even by the same person!!!! Meme’s eye view “does more to distort than enlighten our understanding of cultural processes” (p. 1) Gil-White, Francisco (2004). Common Misunderstandings of memes (and genes). In S. Hurley & N Chater (Eds), Perspecti ...
The Role of Causal Processes in the Neutral and Nearly Neutral
... were not quickly eliminated or fixed (Kimura and Ohta 1971). The core of the neutralist-selectionist debate then is not an all or nothing dispute pitting selection against drift, but a debate over the relative importance of drift and selection for explaining these detected polymorphisms in a populat ...
... were not quickly eliminated or fixed (Kimura and Ohta 1971). The core of the neutralist-selectionist debate then is not an all or nothing dispute pitting selection against drift, but a debate over the relative importance of drift and selection for explaining these detected polymorphisms in a populat ...
Appendix I
... search algorithms that have been created not just the ones that use Genes as their inspiration. To give you an example from a search that some would say is far away from genetic algorithms, I shall use Backprop, which is a common method for searching the space of weights for a neural network. Backpr ...
... search algorithms that have been created not just the ones that use Genes as their inspiration. To give you an example from a search that some would say is far away from genetic algorithms, I shall use Backprop, which is a common method for searching the space of weights for a neural network. Backpr ...
environmental education lesson plan format
... trait that improves an organism’s ability to survive and/or reproduce. As the genes are inherited by the offspring, the allele of the better suited (and higher reproducing) organisms will increase in the population. Over time, individuals with that trait will become the most common, while individual ...
... trait that improves an organism’s ability to survive and/or reproduce. As the genes are inherited by the offspring, the allele of the better suited (and higher reproducing) organisms will increase in the population. Over time, individuals with that trait will become the most common, while individual ...
the long-term evolution of multilocus traits under frequency
... then be established whenever rare genotypes have a selective advantage (Lewontin 1958). This may even lead to situations in which, at population genetic equilibrium, the heterozygote resulting from an allelic dimorphism experiences a fitness disadvantage. (Note that this is the exact opposite of the ...
... then be established whenever rare genotypes have a selective advantage (Lewontin 1958). This may even lead to situations in which, at population genetic equilibrium, the heterozygote resulting from an allelic dimorphism experiences a fitness disadvantage. (Note that this is the exact opposite of the ...
Hybridization and the origin of species
... of sequencing technology. The significance of hybridization in speciation processes has long been debated, since hybridization might also promote the fusion of taxa (Seehausen, 2004). Furthermore, interspecific hybridization has often been seen as an exception rather than the rule, but it is meanwhi ...
... of sequencing technology. The significance of hybridization in speciation processes has long been debated, since hybridization might also promote the fusion of taxa (Seehausen, 2004). Furthermore, interspecific hybridization has often been seen as an exception rather than the rule, but it is meanwhi ...
Evolution 1/e
... about how these simple patterns of inheritance affected populations. Why, for example, was not 3 of every 4 people a person with brachdactyly? Why did not dominant alleles replace recessive alleles? ...
... about how these simple patterns of inheritance affected populations. Why, for example, was not 3 of every 4 people a person with brachdactyly? Why did not dominant alleles replace recessive alleles? ...
Is Cultural Evolution Analogous to Biological Evolution
... which spread in human minds according to an evolutionary logic that is similar to that which underlies the evolution of genes2 in biological populations3. This model, which is often described as “memetics”4, has enjoyed success far beyond specialist circles5, although it has not penetrated the socia ...
... which spread in human minds according to an evolutionary logic that is similar to that which underlies the evolution of genes2 in biological populations3. This model, which is often described as “memetics”4, has enjoyed success far beyond specialist circles5, although it has not penetrated the socia ...
Genetic Improvement and Crossbreeding in Meat Goats
... tool for bringing attention to the breeding establishment. If showring winnings reflect only the ability to fit animals, and are based on traits that have little commercial application, then it is just another dog and pony show; fun but not of much relevance to the product. One of the challenges of ...
... tool for bringing attention to the breeding establishment. If showring winnings reflect only the ability to fit animals, and are based on traits that have little commercial application, then it is just another dog and pony show; fun but not of much relevance to the product. One of the challenges of ...
Measures of Divergence Between Populations and the Effect of
... seen that as n increases, definitions (3a) and (3c) converge to the same value. Definition (3a) seems to be the most natural definition of the between-population component of diversity as a proportion of the sum of the within- and betweenpopulation components of diversity, although pS and pD do not ...
... seen that as n increases, definitions (3a) and (3c) converge to the same value. Definition (3a) seems to be the most natural definition of the between-population component of diversity as a proportion of the sum of the within- and betweenpopulation components of diversity, although pS and pD do not ...
No Slide Title
... islands of the Galápagos Islands were similar but that their beaks differed. What explanation for these differences did he propose? A The beaks of the finches are adapted to the way the bird usually gets food. ...
... islands of the Galápagos Islands were similar but that their beaks differed. What explanation for these differences did he propose? A The beaks of the finches are adapted to the way the bird usually gets food. ...
CRCT prep #7 update
... islands of the Galápagos Islands were similar but that their beaks differed. What explanation for these differences did he propose? A The beaks of the finches are adapted to the way the bird usually gets food. ...
... islands of the Galápagos Islands were similar but that their beaks differed. What explanation for these differences did he propose? A The beaks of the finches are adapted to the way the bird usually gets food. ...
Assortative Mating in Genetic Algorithms for Dynamic Problems
... the GA strategy reaches good results, but its peaks are nonetheless almost always occluded by GA-Dsrt, which in each experiment reaches the highest peaks. This contrast was caused by the different convergence velocities of the rapidly evolving GA strategy vs. the somewhat slower dissortative strategy ...
... the GA strategy reaches good results, but its peaks are nonetheless almost always occluded by GA-Dsrt, which in each experiment reaches the highest peaks. This contrast was caused by the different convergence velocities of the rapidly evolving GA strategy vs. the somewhat slower dissortative strategy ...
Genetic drift
... Migration of individuals within a population or between populations can affect genetic variation in two ways. On one hand, high migration rates integrate populations into larger units, which tend to retain genetic variation just because of their size. On the other hand, movement of individuals ...
... Migration of individuals within a population or between populations can affect genetic variation in two ways. On one hand, high migration rates integrate populations into larger units, which tend to retain genetic variation just because of their size. On the other hand, movement of individuals ...
Brief introduction to whole-genome selection in cattle using single
... SNPs occur approximately every 700 bp in Bos taurus and every 300 bp in Bos indicus cattle (The Bovine HapMap Consortium 2009), which means there is more genetic variation in B. indicus cattle. Thus, there are approximately 4 million SNPs in the B. taurus genome. If time and money were not limiting, ...
... SNPs occur approximately every 700 bp in Bos taurus and every 300 bp in Bos indicus cattle (The Bovine HapMap Consortium 2009), which means there is more genetic variation in B. indicus cattle. Thus, there are approximately 4 million SNPs in the B. taurus genome. If time and money were not limiting, ...
a coevolutionary multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for game
... (Rumelhart et al., 1986) to determine the optimal connection weights between nodes. However such methods are gradient-based techniques which tend to have two major drawbacks: slow learning speed and easily becoming trapped in local minima (Zhu et al., 2005; Burse et al., 2011) when attempting to opt ...
... (Rumelhart et al., 1986) to determine the optimal connection weights between nodes. However such methods are gradient-based techniques which tend to have two major drawbacks: slow learning speed and easily becoming trapped in local minima (Zhu et al., 2005; Burse et al., 2011) when attempting to opt ...
the evolutionary dynamics of intralocus sexual conflict
... trait value that is optimal for the fitness of one sex is often not optimal for the other. A shared genome also means that the same genes may underlie the same trait in both sexes. This can give rise to a form of sexual antagonism, known as intralocus sexual conflict (IASC). Here, a tug-of-war over ...
... trait value that is optimal for the fitness of one sex is often not optimal for the other. A shared genome also means that the same genes may underlie the same trait in both sexes. This can give rise to a form of sexual antagonism, known as intralocus sexual conflict (IASC). Here, a tug-of-war over ...
Molecular-3
... random sample of the parent group and, by chance, may not have the same gene frequencies as the parent group. This form of genetic drift is known as the founder effect. If one of the original founders of a new group just happens to carry a relatively rare allele, that allele will have a far higher f ...
... random sample of the parent group and, by chance, may not have the same gene frequencies as the parent group. This form of genetic drift is known as the founder effect. If one of the original founders of a new group just happens to carry a relatively rare allele, that allele will have a far higher f ...
Two concepts of natural selection and their explanatory powers
... A way of strengthening the definition of replicator in such a way that photocopying would not qualify as replication is the following. David Hull writes that “in order to function as a replicator, an entity must have structure and be able to pass on this structure in a sequence of replications. If a ...
... A way of strengthening the definition of replicator in such a way that photocopying would not qualify as replication is the following. David Hull writes that “in order to function as a replicator, an entity must have structure and be able to pass on this structure in a sequence of replications. If a ...
lab 8 evolutionary mechanisms
... lead to adaptive evolution as they can increase or decrease the match between an organism and its environment ...
... lead to adaptive evolution as they can increase or decrease the match between an organism and its environment ...
Maintenance of genetic diversity: challenges for management of
... well within the time scales of relevance to fisheries management. In this case, when the selection intensity was relaxed, age and length at maturity and length-at-age increased, indicating that the genes were still present in the population. Population modelling is a powerful tool both for exploring ...
... well within the time scales of relevance to fisheries management. In this case, when the selection intensity was relaxed, age and length at maturity and length-at-age increased, indicating that the genes were still present in the population. Population modelling is a powerful tool both for exploring ...
A new defense of adaptationism
... The problem of adaptationism. Gould and Lewontin want a principled way to tell when adaptive explanations are needed, and they worry that this is impossible. People deploy adaptive explanations without justifying them over non-adaptive alternatives, such as appeals to architectural constraints or g ...
... The problem of adaptationism. Gould and Lewontin want a principled way to tell when adaptive explanations are needed, and they worry that this is impossible. People deploy adaptive explanations without justifying them over non-adaptive alternatives, such as appeals to architectural constraints or g ...
LP - Columbia University
... common than B? Why is CF commoner in whites, Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) in blacks? Why do genes for drug resistance change, but gene for cytochrome c stays the same! Why is there more variation in introns than in exons? In other words, how did the particular state of affairs that now exists come to b ...
... common than B? Why is CF commoner in whites, Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) in blacks? Why do genes for drug resistance change, but gene for cytochrome c stays the same! Why is there more variation in introns than in exons? In other words, how did the particular state of affairs that now exists come to b ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.