The evolutionary origins of inflammation
... Inflammatory responses in humans are are responsible for a healthy inflammatory remarkably similar to those in other animals. response have come into existence in specific Snakes, worms, rats ...
... Inflammatory responses in humans are are responsible for a healthy inflammatory remarkably similar to those in other animals. response have come into existence in specific Snakes, worms, rats ...
1 Rapid evolution of phenotypic plasticity and shifting thresholds of
... samples from each of the 26 isofemale strains and crossed them in a controlled fashion to promote equal contributions from all strains, including from mitochondrial genomes and Y chromosomes. The resulting genetically heterogeneous population (PX443) was frozen after creation and served as the ances ...
... samples from each of the 26 isofemale strains and crossed them in a controlled fashion to promote equal contributions from all strains, including from mitochondrial genomes and Y chromosomes. The resulting genetically heterogeneous population (PX443) was frozen after creation and served as the ances ...
E-Halliburton chapter 13
... mean. The heritability enters into almost every formula connected with breeding methods, and many practical desicions about procedures depend on its magnitude. The determination of heritability is one of the first objectives in the genetic study of a metric character. It is important to realize that ...
... mean. The heritability enters into almost every formula connected with breeding methods, and many practical desicions about procedures depend on its magnitude. The determination of heritability is one of the first objectives in the genetic study of a metric character. It is important to realize that ...
Reprint
... assume that the altered behaviour of a mutant does not alter r and therefore does not alter relatedness. This is a common assumption for all game theoretic kin selection models because it then allows for simple pedigree definitions of relatedness to be used (Bulmer, 1994). The local conditions also ...
... assume that the altered behaviour of a mutant does not alter r and therefore does not alter relatedness. This is a common assumption for all game theoretic kin selection models because it then allows for simple pedigree definitions of relatedness to be used (Bulmer, 1994). The local conditions also ...
Genome-wide deleterious mutation favors dispersal and
... average fitness) decreases with deme size. This is because selection becomes less effective as population size decreases. On balance, the increased exposure of recessive alleles caused by inbreeding does not compensate for the reduced power of selection due to finite population size. The average fit ...
... average fitness) decreases with deme size. This is because selection becomes less effective as population size decreases. On balance, the increased exposure of recessive alleles caused by inbreeding does not compensate for the reduced power of selection due to finite population size. The average fit ...
The making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation
... is 172 millimeters long from nose to rump, which is shorter than an average pencil. Its impact on science, however, has been enormous. What’s so special about this little mouse? Populations of rock pocket mice are found all over the Sonoran Desert in the southwestern United States. Two varieties occ ...
... is 172 millimeters long from nose to rump, which is shorter than an average pencil. Its impact on science, however, has been enormous. What’s so special about this little mouse? Populations of rock pocket mice are found all over the Sonoran Desert in the southwestern United States. Two varieties occ ...
The cultural evolution of a rule of conduct: Hayek`s epistemology
... expectations “not determining a particular concrete state of things, but by determining only an abstract order which enables its members to derive from the particulars known to them expectations that have a good chance of being correct;”18 and even in relation to the possibility of making predictio ...
... expectations “not determining a particular concrete state of things, but by determining only an abstract order which enables its members to derive from the particulars known to them expectations that have a good chance of being correct;”18 and even in relation to the possibility of making predictio ...
The Probability and Chromosomal Extent of trans
... OST species appear to be monophyletic for most of their genomes. That is, most sites in most genomes have the property that, with respect to that site, all homologous chromosomes in one species are more closely related to each other than they are to any homologous chromosome from another species. Th ...
... OST species appear to be monophyletic for most of their genomes. That is, most sites in most genomes have the property that, with respect to that site, all homologous chromosomes in one species are more closely related to each other than they are to any homologous chromosome from another species. Th ...
- Wiley Online Library
... agent’ analogy. We relate this analogy to a dynamical model of genic selection, deriving mathematical correspondences that demonstrate how to translate between optimization (purpose) and dynamical (process) statements. We show that the selfish-gene analogy holds in models with no social interaction ...
... agent’ analogy. We relate this analogy to a dynamical model of genic selection, deriving mathematical correspondences that demonstrate how to translate between optimization (purpose) and dynamical (process) statements. We show that the selfish-gene analogy holds in models with no social interaction ...
A formal theory of the selfish gene
... agent’ analogy. We relate this analogy to a dynamical model of genic selection, deriving mathematical correspondences that demonstrate how to translate between optimization (purpose) and dynamical (process) statements. We show that the selfish-gene analogy holds in models with no social interaction ...
... agent’ analogy. We relate this analogy to a dynamical model of genic selection, deriving mathematical correspondences that demonstrate how to translate between optimization (purpose) and dynamical (process) statements. We show that the selfish-gene analogy holds in models with no social interaction ...
DQ handout
... 1. In the Pigliucci chapter, organisms are often referred to as having a particular genotype. Given that most of the papers discussed were published before molecular techniques were much in use, what does Pigliucci mean by genotype? I assume that the genotype is something they are inferring from mat ...
... 1. In the Pigliucci chapter, organisms are often referred to as having a particular genotype. Given that most of the papers discussed were published before molecular techniques were much in use, what does Pigliucci mean by genotype? I assume that the genotype is something they are inferring from mat ...
The emergence of humanevolutionary medical genomics
... The ancestral-susceptibility model is generally conceived to apply to ecological factors, such as climate and diet, that are subject to selection for unidirectional transitions, at different scales of environmental variation in time and space from local to global. This model can, however, be general ...
... The ancestral-susceptibility model is generally conceived to apply to ecological factors, such as climate and diet, that are subject to selection for unidirectional transitions, at different scales of environmental variation in time and space from local to global. This model can, however, be general ...
Population Genetics and Evolution
... possibility that by chance, certain alleles could be eliminated from a population. For example, two heterozygous parents, Aa, could possibly have two children, both AA, thus eliminating the aa allele from the next generation. Normally this is balanced by similar events that might eliminate the A all ...
... possibility that by chance, certain alleles could be eliminated from a population. For example, two heterozygous parents, Aa, could possibly have two children, both AA, thus eliminating the aa allele from the next generation. Normally this is balanced by similar events that might eliminate the A all ...
Genomic Screening for Artificial Selection during Domestication and
... In domesticated plants, only a limited number of such genes have been isolated and characterized based on information from gene/QTL analysis [examples include: fw2.2 in tomato (Frary et al., 2000), Hd1 in rice (Yano et al., 2000), tga1 in maize (Wang et al., 2005) and Gn1a in rice (Ashikari et al., ...
... In domesticated plants, only a limited number of such genes have been isolated and characterized based on information from gene/QTL analysis [examples include: fw2.2 in tomato (Frary et al., 2000), Hd1 in rice (Yano et al., 2000), tga1 in maize (Wang et al., 2005) and Gn1a in rice (Ashikari et al., ...
Scholarly Interest Report
... We have conducted selection experiments to simulate speciation through divergent female mating preferences. In these experiments, dominance and epistasis were found to have strong influences on the genetic structure of such mating traits. We also discovered that the male housefly can modulate his be ...
... We have conducted selection experiments to simulate speciation through divergent female mating preferences. In these experiments, dominance and epistasis were found to have strong influences on the genetic structure of such mating traits. We also discovered that the male housefly can modulate his be ...
Cultural transmission and the evolution of human behaviour: a
... vary from individual to individual, possibly in ways that depend on the trait value of the ancestors. Furthermore, it is natural to assume that some cultural ancestors of a given descendant are more influential than others. Therefore, cultural fitness is a measure of cultural influence, reflecting b ...
... vary from individual to individual, possibly in ways that depend on the trait value of the ancestors. Furthermore, it is natural to assume that some cultural ancestors of a given descendant are more influential than others. Therefore, cultural fitness is a measure of cultural influence, reflecting b ...
Chapter 11 Evolution of Populations
... more offspring than the 3. Individuals tend to produce ________ environment can support. 4. Individuals that are ___________ better able to cope with the challenges presented by their environment tend to leave more offspring than those individuals less suited to the environment do. Chapter menu ...
... more offspring than the 3. Individuals tend to produce ________ environment can support. 4. Individuals that are ___________ better able to cope with the challenges presented by their environment tend to leave more offspring than those individuals less suited to the environment do. Chapter menu ...
Selection against Accumulating Mutations in Niche
... capable of non-linear discrimination if the number of layers are at least three. ANNs are models of biological neural circuits with nodes having the functionality of a neural cell [35]. We have chosen a three-layer perceptron architecture with two sensory input nodes (one for each signal channel), t ...
... capable of non-linear discrimination if the number of layers are at least three. ANNs are models of biological neural circuits with nodes having the functionality of a neural cell [35]. We have chosen a three-layer perceptron architecture with two sensory input nodes (one for each signal channel), t ...
Quantitative genetics of functional characters in
... as well as a general nonconcordance with an additive or additive-dominance model (Mather and Jinks 1982; Lynch 1991; Lynch and Walsh 1998). For example, the mean value of the F2 generation is expected to be equal to the average between the F1 and the midparent value under an additive and dominance m ...
... as well as a general nonconcordance with an additive or additive-dominance model (Mather and Jinks 1982; Lynch 1991; Lynch and Walsh 1998). For example, the mean value of the F2 generation is expected to be equal to the average between the F1 and the midparent value under an additive and dominance m ...
Quantitative genetics of functional characters in Drosophila
... as well as a general nonconcordance with an additive or additive-dominance model (Mather and Jinks 1982; Lynch 1991; Lynch and Walsh 1998). For example, the mean value of the F2 generation is expected to be equal to the average between the F1 and the midparent value under an additive and dominance m ...
... as well as a general nonconcordance with an additive or additive-dominance model (Mather and Jinks 1982; Lynch 1991; Lynch and Walsh 1998). For example, the mean value of the F2 generation is expected to be equal to the average between the F1 and the midparent value under an additive and dominance m ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.