Landscape_Evoles Physics
... Why Does Life Evolve to Evolve? • What is the underlying pressure for evolution to speed up over time, say by the emergence of modularity and hierarchy? • Whatever the selective force for rapid evolution is, it must be consistent with causality • It seems likely that a changing environment selects ...
... Why Does Life Evolve to Evolve? • What is the underlying pressure for evolution to speed up over time, say by the emergence of modularity and hierarchy? • Whatever the selective force for rapid evolution is, it must be consistent with causality • It seems likely that a changing environment selects ...
The geography of introgression in a patchy
... Abstract When incompletely isolated taxa coexist in a patchy environment (e.g. mosaic hybrid zones, host-race complexes), patterns of variation may differ between selected traits/genes and neutral markers. While the genetic structure of selected traits/loci tends to coincide with habitat variables ( ...
... Abstract When incompletely isolated taxa coexist in a patchy environment (e.g. mosaic hybrid zones, host-race complexes), patterns of variation may differ between selected traits/genes and neutral markers. While the genetic structure of selected traits/loci tends to coincide with habitat variables ( ...
The geography of introgression in a patchy environment and the
... Abstract When incompletely isolated taxa coexist in a patchy environment (e.g. mosaic hybrid zones, host-race complexes), patterns of variation may differ between selected traits/genes and neutral markers. While the genetic structure of selected traits/loci tends to coincide with habitat variables ( ...
... Abstract When incompletely isolated taxa coexist in a patchy environment (e.g. mosaic hybrid zones, host-race complexes), patterns of variation may differ between selected traits/genes and neutral markers. While the genetic structure of selected traits/loci tends to coincide with habitat variables ( ...
Mar19
... Gametes are haploid and previous information about previous diploids’ population is lost. ...
... Gametes are haploid and previous information about previous diploids’ population is lost. ...
Mar22-27
... Note that in each of the cases (in fact, all cases except p0 = 0 or 1) The dominant allele will eventually make up 80% of the gene pool and the recessive will make up 20%. This result is called a stable equilibrium. Can we determine what this equilibrium will be? ...
... Note that in each of the cases (in fact, all cases except p0 = 0 or 1) The dominant allele will eventually make up 80% of the gene pool and the recessive will make up 20%. This result is called a stable equilibrium. Can we determine what this equilibrium will be? ...
An Illustrated Introduction to the Basic Biological
... The opposition at both levels is the manifestation of a universal polarity of evolution: unbiased sampling of configuration space and vigorous functional activity are opposite to each other (chapter II). This conflict is intrinsic and universal so the author names it a 'polarity'. In conventional te ...
... The opposition at both levels is the manifestation of a universal polarity of evolution: unbiased sampling of configuration space and vigorous functional activity are opposite to each other (chapter II). This conflict is intrinsic and universal so the author names it a 'polarity'. In conventional te ...
MHC, mechanisms and
... expected to produce detectable effects on the distribution of alleles within those populations (Meyer & Thomson 2001; Hedrick 2002). Therefore, by comparing patterns of variation at MHC genes with those expected under neutrality, one can make inferences about the nature of selection. Contemporary se ...
... expected to produce detectable effects on the distribution of alleles within those populations (Meyer & Thomson 2001; Hedrick 2002). Therefore, by comparing patterns of variation at MHC genes with those expected under neutrality, one can make inferences about the nature of selection. Contemporary se ...
Artificial selection on introduced Asian haplotypes shaped the
... overall DEBV mean of the population, Ri is the count of AS of the region i, aj is the additive genetic effect estimated using a pedigree-based relationship matrix, and eij the residual error. The weighting factor w was used in the association analyses to account for the differences in the amount of ...
... overall DEBV mean of the population, Ri is the count of AS of the region i, aj is the additive genetic effect estimated using a pedigree-based relationship matrix, and eij the residual error. The weighting factor w was used in the association analyses to account for the differences in the amount of ...
A Computational Model of Symbiotic Composition in
... system of interdependent variables that have a hierarchically clustered structure. This interdependency structure produces a fractal fitness landscape exhibiting significant ruggedness at all scales. The purpose of using this landscape for our experiments is not to suggest that all adaptive problems ...
... system of interdependent variables that have a hierarchically clustered structure. This interdependency structure produces a fractal fitness landscape exhibiting significant ruggedness at all scales. The purpose of using this landscape for our experiments is not to suggest that all adaptive problems ...
icsi sperm selection by ha binding
... There may be differences in semen attributes between men who are fertile and those who failed to cause pregnancy. Assessment of single sperm attributes, even strict sperm morphology, is of limited predictive value. Different fertilization rates were assessed via IVF or ICSI even with sybling ooc ...
... There may be differences in semen attributes between men who are fertile and those who failed to cause pregnancy. Assessment of single sperm attributes, even strict sperm morphology, is of limited predictive value. Different fertilization rates were assessed via IVF or ICSI even with sybling ooc ...
drosophila melanogaster.
... and Stubble in the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster can be modified rather quickly by artificial selection. It was also noted that genetic random drift plays an important role when the number of individuals selected is small. In the present paper the results of simulated natural selection ...
... and Stubble in the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster can be modified rather quickly by artificial selection. It was also noted that genetic random drift plays an important role when the number of individuals selected is small. In the present paper the results of simulated natural selection ...
An Analytically Tractable Model for Competitive Speciation
... abstract: Several recent models have shown that frequency-dependent disruptive selection created by intraspecific competition can lead to the evolution of assortative mating and, thus, to competitive sympatric speciation. However, since most of these results rely on limited numerical analyses, their ...
... abstract: Several recent models have shown that frequency-dependent disruptive selection created by intraspecific competition can lead to the evolution of assortative mating and, thus, to competitive sympatric speciation. However, since most of these results rely on limited numerical analyses, their ...
Response of Polygenic Traits Under Stabilizing Selection and
... part of the adaptive process and needs to be revised to include polygenic selection. Because genome-wide association studies (GWAS) yield information about the distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms relevant to quantitative traits (Visscher et al. 2012), it is important to understand the mo ...
... part of the adaptive process and needs to be revised to include polygenic selection. Because genome-wide association studies (GWAS) yield information about the distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms relevant to quantitative traits (Visscher et al. 2012), it is important to understand the mo ...
Change of Genetic Architecture in Response to Sex
... the broad-sense heritability (an index of total genetic variability) was significantly greater than zero (significance is at the 5% level unlessotherwisespecified), ranging from 0.25 to 0.69 (Table l ) ,with an average for all characters over both generationsof 0.47. On the other hand, the narrow-se ...
... the broad-sense heritability (an index of total genetic variability) was significantly greater than zero (significance is at the 5% level unlessotherwisespecified), ranging from 0.25 to 0.69 (Table l ) ,with an average for all characters over both generationsof 0.47. On the other hand, the narrow-se ...
w SS G
... The red blood cells of Heterozygous Ss individuals’ sickle when invaded by the malarial parasite. These sickled cells are then filtered out of the blood by the spleen. This purges the parasitic infection from Ss. ...
... The red blood cells of Heterozygous Ss individuals’ sickle when invaded by the malarial parasite. These sickled cells are then filtered out of the blood by the spleen. This purges the parasitic infection from Ss. ...
Visualization, description and analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster
... evolutionary process. On one hand, the molecule is intrinsically mutable, being this the origin of genetic variation. On the other hand, it allows the replication of old and new variants from one generation to another. The reproductive or survival advantage or disadvantage an individual has for carr ...
... evolutionary process. On one hand, the molecule is intrinsically mutable, being this the origin of genetic variation. On the other hand, it allows the replication of old and new variants from one generation to another. The reproductive or survival advantage or disadvantage an individual has for carr ...
Potential of promotion of alleles by genome editing for improving
... • Genome editing is basically highly controlled recombination • Enables variation be moved around a population more freely • Don’t have to wait for favorable permutations to ...
... • Genome editing is basically highly controlled recombination • Enables variation be moved around a population more freely • Don’t have to wait for favorable permutations to ...
Article Positive and Purifying Selection on the Drosophila Y
... are limited, both the Drosophila and mammalian Y chromosomes show evidence supporting positive selection (Zurovcova and Eanes 1999; Gerrard and Filatov 2005; Larracuente and Clark 2013). The recent identification and sequencing of Y-linked genes in a dozen Drosophila genomes (Koerich et al. 2008; Ca ...
... are limited, both the Drosophila and mammalian Y chromosomes show evidence supporting positive selection (Zurovcova and Eanes 1999; Gerrard and Filatov 2005; Larracuente and Clark 2013). The recent identification and sequencing of Y-linked genes in a dozen Drosophila genomes (Koerich et al. 2008; Ca ...
Development, Adaptation, and Evolution
... one another. This somewhat equivocal relationship between developmental biology and evolutionary theory persists into contemporary thought. On the one hand, discussion of evolutionary patterns and evolutionary trends still tends to focus on the form of adult organisms. For example, in the discussion ...
... one another. This somewhat equivocal relationship between developmental biology and evolutionary theory persists into contemporary thought. On the one hand, discussion of evolutionary patterns and evolutionary trends still tends to focus on the form of adult organisms. For example, in the discussion ...
How do natural and sexual selection contribute to sympatric
... to become equal across the loci. However, this assumption becomes more problematic under stabilizing selection. Indeed, allele frequencies tend to become asymmetric because natural selection leads to the fixation of optimal haplotype with either allele fixed at different loci. Furthermore, it is not ...
... to become equal across the loci. However, this assumption becomes more problematic under stabilizing selection. Indeed, allele frequencies tend to become asymmetric because natural selection leads to the fixation of optimal haplotype with either allele fixed at different loci. Furthermore, it is not ...
Genetic Algorithms
... – fi is the fitness of individual i, and – fj represents the sum of all the fitnesses of the individuals with the population. This type of selection is similar to using a roulette wheel where the fitness of an individual is represented as proportionate slice of wheel. The wheel is then spun and the ...
... – fi is the fitness of individual i, and – fj represents the sum of all the fitnesses of the individuals with the population. This type of selection is similar to using a roulette wheel where the fitness of an individual is represented as proportionate slice of wheel. The wheel is then spun and the ...
Effect of population size, selection intensity, linkage and non
... long have had formulations for selection without epistasis and for the effects of linkage on the approach to equili brium under random mating without selection, but no one has been able, mathematically, to derive valid equations for selection in finite populations in the presence of linkage and epi ...
... long have had formulations for selection without epistasis and for the effects of linkage on the approach to equili brium under random mating without selection, but no one has been able, mathematically, to derive valid equations for selection in finite populations in the presence of linkage and epi ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.