The use of genetic markers in poultry breeding
... experiments to map marker loci. Inbred lines are widely used in laboratory animals and plants. For livestock species completely inbred lines are not available. Methods using information from segregating populations have been developed in human genetics (Morton 1955; Ott 1991). Here, the influence of ...
... experiments to map marker loci. Inbred lines are widely used in laboratory animals and plants. For livestock species completely inbred lines are not available. Methods using information from segregating populations have been developed in human genetics (Morton 1955; Ott 1991). Here, the influence of ...
evolution - Santa Fe Institute
... the face of mutations and environmental variation? And what are the evolutionary consequences of robustness? The amount of phenotypic diversity within or among populations can vary significantly. For example, scutellar bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster rarely deviates from the canonical four ...
... the face of mutations and environmental variation? And what are the evolutionary consequences of robustness? The amount of phenotypic diversity within or among populations can vary significantly. For example, scutellar bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster rarely deviates from the canonical four ...
Reprint
... In the early years of the twentieth century, the Danish biologist Wilhelm Johannsen laid the conceptual foundations of modern genetics and evolutionary biology by differentiating the phenotype—the traits expressed by an organism—from the genotype—the “sequestered” library of hereditary information t ...
... In the early years of the twentieth century, the Danish biologist Wilhelm Johannsen laid the conceptual foundations of modern genetics and evolutionary biology by differentiating the phenotype—the traits expressed by an organism—from the genotype—the “sequestered” library of hereditary information t ...
QuantGen posted
... win the Kentucky Derby. If she breeds her mare to a really fast stallion, how likely is it that the colt will be faster than all the other three-year-olds when it runs in the Derby? ...
... win the Kentucky Derby. If she breeds her mare to a really fast stallion, how likely is it that the colt will be faster than all the other three-year-olds when it runs in the Derby? ...
QuantGen posted
... win the Kentucky Derby. If she breeds her mare to a really fast stallion, how likely is it that the colt will be faster than all the other three-year-olds when it runs in the Derby? ...
... win the Kentucky Derby. If she breeds her mare to a really fast stallion, how likely is it that the colt will be faster than all the other three-year-olds when it runs in the Derby? ...
An introduction to genetic algorithms
... electronics, and they looked to natural systems as guiding metaphors for how to achieve their visions. It should be no surprise, then, that from the earliest days computers were applied not only to calculating missile trajectories and deciphering military codes but also to modeling the brain, mimick ...
... electronics, and they looked to natural systems as guiding metaphors for how to achieve their visions. It should be no surprise, then, that from the earliest days computers were applied not only to calculating missile trajectories and deciphering military codes but also to modeling the brain, mimick ...
An introduction to genetic algorithms / Melanie
... electronics, and they looked to natural systems as guiding metaphors for how to achieve their visions. It should be no surprise, then, that from the earliest days computers were applied not only to calculating missile trajectories and deciphering military codes but also to modeling the brain, mimick ...
... electronics, and they looked to natural systems as guiding metaphors for how to achieve their visions. It should be no surprise, then, that from the earliest days computers were applied not only to calculating missile trajectories and deciphering military codes but also to modeling the brain, mimick ...
Crossover and Diploid Dominance with Deceptive Fitness
... allele values. This makes the mutation operator more localized and generally results in slower, but more detailed hill climbing. Such localization is an implicit characteristic of all genetic algorithms, usually due to the relatively large genotype space compared to the space of possible mutations i ...
... allele values. This makes the mutation operator more localized and generally results in slower, but more detailed hill climbing. Such localization is an implicit characteristic of all genetic algorithms, usually due to the relatively large genotype space compared to the space of possible mutations i ...
Non-conflict theories for the evolution of genomic imprinting
... example, in their single-locus model (in which offspring fitness was greatest for those expressing the same allele as their homozygous mother) they found that increasingly biased maternal expression would increase the mean fitness of a population. These authors then argued that this directional bias ...
... example, in their single-locus model (in which offspring fitness was greatest for those expressing the same allele as their homozygous mother) they found that increasingly biased maternal expression would increase the mean fitness of a population. These authors then argued that this directional bias ...
Single-gene speciation with pleiotropy: effects of allele dominance
... effects of viability selection and positive frequency-dependent selection due to reproductive ...
... effects of viability selection and positive frequency-dependent selection due to reproductive ...
Evolution of mating types driven by purifying selection
... rely on the prior existence of mating types or sexes and merely reflects the fact that the gamete controlling the cytoplasmic inheritance eliminates its partner’s mtDNA, but not its own (Fig. 1b). Alternatively, a cell can start producing a new nuclear-coded and universally recognized mitochondrial ...
... rely on the prior existence of mating types or sexes and merely reflects the fact that the gamete controlling the cytoplasmic inheritance eliminates its partner’s mtDNA, but not its own (Fig. 1b). Alternatively, a cell can start producing a new nuclear-coded and universally recognized mitochondrial ...
Charles Darwin Meets Amoeba economicus: Why Natural Selection
... some manna will fall from heaven. Nor can it, given the high cost of motion, afford to roam the neighborhood randomly in the hope of encountering some yeast. The amoeba must thus make efficient decisions: When it moves in search of nutrients by using its “false feet,” it moves via chemotaxis careful ...
... some manna will fall from heaven. Nor can it, given the high cost of motion, afford to roam the neighborhood randomly in the hope of encountering some yeast. The amoeba must thus make efficient decisions: When it moves in search of nutrients by using its “false feet,” it moves via chemotaxis careful ...
Evolving patch-based terrains for use in video games
... terrains that meet the user’s preferences of feature arrangement, such as the position and orientation of mountains and valleys. The first notable contribution to this field is by Ong et al. [10]. Their algorithm proposed a two phase process with both phases using evolution to manipulate user provid ...
... terrains that meet the user’s preferences of feature arrangement, such as the position and orientation of mountains and valleys. The first notable contribution to this field is by Ong et al. [10]. Their algorithm proposed a two phase process with both phases using evolution to manipulate user provid ...
The genetic consequences of fluctuating inbreeding depression and
... a mutant with a smaller selfing rate than the resident, and vice versa. If a mutant with selfing rate r¢ > r can invade (i.e. the point with coordinates (r, r¢) is located in a region of invasion), then evolution favours increased selfing rates and vice versa. Evolutionary equilibria occur at the in ...
... a mutant with a smaller selfing rate than the resident, and vice versa. If a mutant with selfing rate r¢ > r can invade (i.e. the point with coordinates (r, r¢) is located in a region of invasion), then evolution favours increased selfing rates and vice versa. Evolutionary equilibria occur at the in ...
Direct fitness or inclusive fitness: How shall we model kin selection?
... In our experience, the difficulties that often arise in the formulation of inclusive and direct fitness arguments, and in their comparison, have to do with the wide range of notations and assumptions found in the literature, and it seems to us that there is a real need for a simple general scheme an ...
... In our experience, the difficulties that often arise in the formulation of inclusive and direct fitness arguments, and in their comparison, have to do with the wide range of notations and assumptions found in the literature, and it seems to us that there is a real need for a simple general scheme an ...
Commentary: Wilhelm Johannsen and the problem of heredity at the
... his selection experiments strongly supported other evidence against theory (iii), selection of continuous variation. There simply was no good evidence for a continuous supply of hereditary variation in all directions, as orthodox Darwinism, like that of the biometricians, and some forms of neo-Lamar ...
... his selection experiments strongly supported other evidence against theory (iii), selection of continuous variation. There simply was no good evidence for a continuous supply of hereditary variation in all directions, as orthodox Darwinism, like that of the biometricians, and some forms of neo-Lamar ...
Stability Approach to Regularization Selection (StARS) for High
... other words, we want to “overselect” instead of “underselect”. Such a choice is motivated by application problems like gene regulatory networks reconstruction, in which we aim to study the interactions of many genes. For these types of studies, we tolerant some false positives but not false negative ...
... other words, we want to “overselect” instead of “underselect”. Such a choice is motivated by application problems like gene regulatory networks reconstruction, in which we aim to study the interactions of many genes. For these types of studies, we tolerant some false positives but not false negative ...
Population Genetics A Concise Guide
... from the rest of biology in the way that it makes scientific progress. As there are no textbooks short enough for these chunks, I wrote a Minimalist’s Guide to Population Genetics. In this 21page guide I attempted to distill population genetics down to its essence. This guide was, for me, a central ...
... from the rest of biology in the way that it makes scientific progress. As there are no textbooks short enough for these chunks, I wrote a Minimalist’s Guide to Population Genetics. In this 21page guide I attempted to distill population genetics down to its essence. This guide was, for me, a central ...
ppt
... C. Partitioning Variance 1. Partitioning Phenotypic Variance 2. Partitioning Genetic Variation 3. Calculating Heritability from Selection Experiments - This quantifies the evolutionarily important genetic variance (heritability is also V(add)/V(phen), remember)? - So, through a series of selection e ...
... C. Partitioning Variance 1. Partitioning Phenotypic Variance 2. Partitioning Genetic Variation 3. Calculating Heritability from Selection Experiments - This quantifies the evolutionarily important genetic variance (heritability is also V(add)/V(phen), remember)? - So, through a series of selection e ...
TIB_34 - Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research
... Falconer and Latyszewski (1952). They recommended, on the basis of possible genotype-environment interactions, that breeders should maintain environmental conditions that are equivalent to those in which the progeny will be maintained. However, Lerner latter qualified that statement by adding that t ...
... Falconer and Latyszewski (1952). They recommended, on the basis of possible genotype-environment interactions, that breeders should maintain environmental conditions that are equivalent to those in which the progeny will be maintained. However, Lerner latter qualified that statement by adding that t ...
Figure Captions - Blackwell Publishing
... probability that gametes carry alleles identical by descent. Upper-case letters for individuals represent diploid genotypes and lowercase letters indicate allele copies within the gametes produced by the genotypes. The probability that A transmits a copy of the same allele to B and C depends on the ...
... probability that gametes carry alleles identical by descent. Upper-case letters for individuals represent diploid genotypes and lowercase letters indicate allele copies within the gametes produced by the genotypes. The probability that A transmits a copy of the same allele to B and C depends on the ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.