Marjan Mernik
... order to improve them, and the exploration of the solution space (by mutation) so as to increase the probability of finding the optimal solution [Wong 2003] AVN-8, Ljubljana, May 28, 2007 ...
... order to improve them, and the exploration of the solution space (by mutation) so as to increase the probability of finding the optimal solution [Wong 2003] AVN-8, Ljubljana, May 28, 2007 ...
Tackling Real-Coded Genetic Algorithms
... Fixed-length and binary coded strings for the representation of the solutions have dominated GA research since there are theoretical results that show them to be the most appropriate ones (Goldberg, 1991a), and as they are amenable to simple implementation. But the GA’s good properties do not stem f ...
... Fixed-length and binary coded strings for the representation of the solutions have dominated GA research since there are theoretical results that show them to be the most appropriate ones (Goldberg, 1991a), and as they are amenable to simple implementation. But the GA’s good properties do not stem f ...
Transposon stability and a role for conjugational transfer in adaptive mutability
... We found that TetR was frequently lost in episomal Lac⫹ revertant colonies that accumulate during selection with and without an imposed requirement for conjugal transfer. This loss was found many orders of magnitude more frequently than had been observed for spontaneous transposon loss in the past ( ...
... We found that TetR was frequently lost in episomal Lac⫹ revertant colonies that accumulate during selection with and without an imposed requirement for conjugal transfer. This loss was found many orders of magnitude more frequently than had been observed for spontaneous transposon loss in the past ( ...
A quantitative genetic competition model for
... I use multilocus genetics to describe assortative mating in a competition model. The intensity of competition between individuals is influenced by a quantitative character whose value is determined additively by alleles from many loci. With assortative mating based on this character, frequency- and ...
... I use multilocus genetics to describe assortative mating in a competition model. The intensity of competition between individuals is influenced by a quantitative character whose value is determined additively by alleles from many loci. With assortative mating based on this character, frequency- and ...
36 The Roots of Narcissus: Old and New Models of the Evolution of
... promise for explaining narcissism. Balancing selection occurs when two (or more) alternative strategies are seemingly viable. This is the case if the optima for traits differ between environ ments (Nettle 2006). For example, high levels of trait neuroticism might facilitate survi ...
... promise for explaining narcissism. Balancing selection occurs when two (or more) alternative strategies are seemingly viable. This is the case if the optima for traits differ between environ ments (Nettle 2006). For example, high levels of trait neuroticism might facilitate survi ...
Epistasis in Polygenic Traits and the Evolution of Genetic
... are so-called complex quantitative traits; that is, they vary along a quantitative scale and are influenced by more than one or two genes (they are polygenic). A major challenge of current quantitative genetics is to elucidate the genetic architecture of these traits (for a recent review, see Mackay ...
... are so-called complex quantitative traits; that is, they vary along a quantitative scale and are influenced by more than one or two genes (they are polygenic). A major challenge of current quantitative genetics is to elucidate the genetic architecture of these traits (for a recent review, see Mackay ...
Modeling Trabecular Microstructure Evolution via Genetic Algorithm by Samuel W. L. Shames
... Increasing the number of o↵spring makes the system’s performance level more stable and reduces the variability in standard deviation with subsequent generations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... Increasing the number of o↵spring makes the system’s performance level more stable and reduces the variability in standard deviation with subsequent generations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Advanced Techniques for Solving Optimization Problems through
... it was developed a new cooperative evolution; this mechanism exploits the same basis of standard evolutionary theories: it uses a single population containing all the active individuals. The main novelty is that individuals are grouped in subsets of the populations, and cooperate together on reachin ...
... it was developed a new cooperative evolution; this mechanism exploits the same basis of standard evolutionary theories: it uses a single population containing all the active individuals. The main novelty is that individuals are grouped in subsets of the populations, and cooperate together on reachin ...
Population and Evolutionary Genetics
... • (3) more offspring are born than will survive and reproduce; and • (4) some variants are more successful at surviving and/or reproducing than others. In populations where all four factors operate, the relative abundance of the population's different phenotypes changes across generations. In other ...
... • (3) more offspring are born than will survive and reproduce; and • (4) some variants are more successful at surviving and/or reproducing than others. In populations where all four factors operate, the relative abundance of the population's different phenotypes changes across generations. In other ...
Evolutionary dynamics of RNA-like replicator systems
... Second, variations in heritable characters need not be produced randomly. Individuals may actively acquire heritable characters through interactions with the environments, as exemplified by the CRISPR-Cas.2 Third, it is conceivable that the relationship (mapping) between the two kinds of variations ...
... Second, variations in heritable characters need not be produced randomly. Individuals may actively acquire heritable characters through interactions with the environments, as exemplified by the CRISPR-Cas.2 Third, it is conceivable that the relationship (mapping) between the two kinds of variations ...
Natural Selection and Genetic Drift: An Exploration of Allele
... AA will be equivalent to the fitness of genotype AB because both genotypes contain an A allele. In this case, allele B is the recessive allele, since its presence has less of an effect on fitness than does the dominant allele A. Finally, an allele A is incompletely dominant if AB individuals have a ...
... AA will be equivalent to the fitness of genotype AB because both genotypes contain an A allele. In this case, allele B is the recessive allele, since its presence has less of an effect on fitness than does the dominant allele A. Finally, an allele A is incompletely dominant if AB individuals have a ...
the evolution of dominance in sporophytic self
... Although there has been much theoretical work on the evolution and breakdown of SSI (e.g., Charlesworth 1988), the evolution of dominance in these systems has been little studied (although see Schierup et al. 1997; Billiard et al. 2007). The selective forces that influence the evolution of S-allele ...
... Although there has been much theoretical work on the evolution and breakdown of SSI (e.g., Charlesworth 1988), the evolution of dominance in these systems has been little studied (although see Schierup et al. 1997; Billiard et al. 2007). The selective forces that influence the evolution of S-allele ...
the kinship theory of genomic imprinting - Fischer Lab
... not because the levels of expression of maternally derived and paternally derived alleles are necessarily equal. If both alleles favor X∗ , any strategy {x∗ , y∗ } for which x∗ + y∗ = X∗ is an ESS, including the unimprinted strategy {X∗ /2, X∗ /2} and the imprinted strategies {X∗ , 0} and {0, X∗ }. ...
... not because the levels of expression of maternally derived and paternally derived alleles are necessarily equal. If both alleles favor X∗ , any strategy {x∗ , y∗ } for which x∗ + y∗ = X∗ is an ESS, including the unimprinted strategy {X∗ /2, X∗ /2} and the imprinted strategies {X∗ , 0} and {0, X∗ }. ...
Plasticity has a genetic basis
... striders from cold water populations vs. warm water populations displayed genetic differentiation. His results showed significant genetic differentiation between the two populations in the mean expression of life history traits (development time, body size, fecundity, etc.). Two items struck me from ...
... striders from cold water populations vs. warm water populations displayed genetic differentiation. His results showed significant genetic differentiation between the two populations in the mean expression of life history traits (development time, body size, fecundity, etc.). Two items struck me from ...
A Selective Sweep Driven by Pyrimethamine Treatment in Southeast
... Malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) provide an excellent system in which to study the genomic effects of strong selection in a recombining eukaryote because the rapid spread of resistance to multiple drugs during the last the past 50 years has been well documented, the full genome sequence and ...
... Malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) provide an excellent system in which to study the genomic effects of strong selection in a recombining eukaryote because the rapid spread of resistance to multiple drugs during the last the past 50 years has been well documented, the full genome sequence and ...
Darwinian and teleological explanations
... and an event-cause is like the relation between an actor who selects certain means to attain his goals. At least, that is the way it looks in this particular example. It needs to be seen whether we can generalize over this case. Jack’s stealing of the car, I said, may be intentionally explained by p ...
... and an event-cause is like the relation between an actor who selects certain means to attain his goals. At least, that is the way it looks in this particular example. It needs to be seen whether we can generalize over this case. Jack’s stealing of the car, I said, may be intentionally explained by p ...
The infinitesimal model
... In one of the earliest quantitative discussions of heredity, Fleeming Jenkin (1867) argued that blending inheritance could have no effect in the long term: a white man stranded on a tropical island would leave offspring who, over successive generations, would approach ever closer to the dark-skinned n ...
... In one of the earliest quantitative discussions of heredity, Fleeming Jenkin (1867) argued that blending inheritance could have no effect in the long term: a white man stranded on a tropical island would leave offspring who, over successive generations, would approach ever closer to the dark-skinned n ...
Speciation: more likely through a genetic or through a learned
... Recently, theoretical studies have shown that speciation through a learned habitat preference is extremely effective (Beltman et al. 2004; Beltman & Haccou 2005). In these previous theoretical analyses it was assumed that the learning of habitat features was already present from the onset of speciat ...
... Recently, theoretical studies have shown that speciation through a learned habitat preference is extremely effective (Beltman et al. 2004; Beltman & Haccou 2005). In these previous theoretical analyses it was assumed that the learning of habitat features was already present from the onset of speciat ...
Selection and Adaptation of Fitness
... (Simpson 1953; Kingsolver et al. 2001). If selection consistently favors certain traits, such traits may become widespread within a population, resulting in adaptive phenotypic differentiation. At the molecular level, selection occurs when a certain allele become widespread because of its effect on ...
... (Simpson 1953; Kingsolver et al. 2001). If selection consistently favors certain traits, such traits may become widespread within a population, resulting in adaptive phenotypic differentiation. At the molecular level, selection occurs when a certain allele become widespread because of its effect on ...
Population genetics by Knud Christensen
... The present genetics notes are produced as a substitute for 'Veterinary Genetics' by FW.Nicolas, Oxford University Press, 1989. This book was not available after 1995. The notes are produced for a course for veterinary students. Therefore, efforts have been made to adjust the notes for students with ...
... The present genetics notes are produced as a substitute for 'Veterinary Genetics' by FW.Nicolas, Oxford University Press, 1989. This book was not available after 1995. The notes are produced for a course for veterinary students. Therefore, efforts have been made to adjust the notes for students with ...
Non-genetic Transmission of Memes by Diffusion
... In the context of optimization, parent-child (vertical) transmission takes place only when the offspring is generated as two or more individuals (referred to as parents) mates. It is also noted that memetic transmission from parents to children may take place through genetic or non-genetic means, i. ...
... In the context of optimization, parent-child (vertical) transmission takes place only when the offspring is generated as two or more individuals (referred to as parents) mates. It is also noted that memetic transmission from parents to children may take place through genetic or non-genetic means, i. ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.