Catalytic, Enantioselective Alkylation of r
... Over the past several years, highly effective methods for enantioselective aldol additions catalyzed by Lewis acids have been developed.1 Analogous alkylations of imines, however, have not been nearly as well studied nor as successful.2 R-Imino esters are almost unstudied in Lewis acid-catalyzed rea ...
... Over the past several years, highly effective methods for enantioselective aldol additions catalyzed by Lewis acids have been developed.1 Analogous alkylations of imines, however, have not been nearly as well studied nor as successful.2 R-Imino esters are almost unstudied in Lewis acid-catalyzed rea ...
Glossary of Key Terms in Chapter Two
... hydrogenation (11.5) a reaction in which hydrogen (H2) is added to a double or a triple bond. hydrohalogenation (11.5) the addition of a hydrohalogen (HCl, HBr) to an unsaturated bond. Markovnikov’s rule (11.5) the rule that states that a hydrogen atom, adding to a carbon-carbon double bond, is more ...
... hydrogenation (11.5) a reaction in which hydrogen (H2) is added to a double or a triple bond. hydrohalogenation (11.5) the addition of a hydrohalogen (HCl, HBr) to an unsaturated bond. Markovnikov’s rule (11.5) the rule that states that a hydrogen atom, adding to a carbon-carbon double bond, is more ...
52.
... rate-equilibriumrelationships from SN2 reactions to the more complex problems of additions to sp and sp2 centres. It is also necessary to extend experimental investigations of the rate-equilibrium behavior of alpha-nucleophilesto a range of dipolar non-hydroxylic solvents. Finally, it appears that t ...
... rate-equilibriumrelationships from SN2 reactions to the more complex problems of additions to sp and sp2 centres. It is also necessary to extend experimental investigations of the rate-equilibrium behavior of alpha-nucleophilesto a range of dipolar non-hydroxylic solvents. Finally, it appears that t ...
10.2 Functional group chemistry Hydrocarbons
... Alkanes contain only C-C and C-H bonds. Both of these are strong bonds with bond enthalpies of 348 kJ/mol and 412 kJ/mol, respectively. These molecules will only react in the presence of a source of energy strong enough to break these bonds. Most alkanes are stable under most conditions and ...
... Alkanes contain only C-C and C-H bonds. Both of these are strong bonds with bond enthalpies of 348 kJ/mol and 412 kJ/mol, respectively. These molecules will only react in the presence of a source of energy strong enough to break these bonds. Most alkanes are stable under most conditions and ...
Senior Science topics Programme
... exemplified by the hydrogenation of ethene. The process in which the reaction is speeded up by the presence of a catalyst is illustrated by 3-D animation. ...
... exemplified by the hydrogenation of ethene. The process in which the reaction is speeded up by the presence of a catalyst is illustrated by 3-D animation. ...
Reactions of Alcohols
... SN2 reaction between R-X and R-OWE NEED TO CONSIDER STERIC HINDERANCE. This might lead to E2! ...
... SN2 reaction between R-X and R-OWE NEED TO CONSIDER STERIC HINDERANCE. This might lead to E2! ...
Organic Reactions Note – Student.DOC
... Alkyl halides can become alkenes by elimination of a hydrogen and a halide ion from adjacent carbon atoms and in presence of OH- ion (basic solution) ...
... Alkyl halides can become alkenes by elimination of a hydrogen and a halide ion from adjacent carbon atoms and in presence of OH- ion (basic solution) ...
Chemistry 112A Second Midterm Review Sheet Summary of
... The stereocenter in S-carvone is connected to one hydrogen atom (not shown, priority 4) and three carbon atoms. The isopropene group has priority 1 (carbon atoms only) and for the two remaining carbon atoms priority is decided with the carbon atoms two bonds removed from the stereocenter, one part o ...
... The stereocenter in S-carvone is connected to one hydrogen atom (not shown, priority 4) and three carbon atoms. The isopropene group has priority 1 (carbon atoms only) and for the two remaining carbon atoms priority is decided with the carbon atoms two bonds removed from the stereocenter, one part o ...
Mechanism and Elementary Reactions
... simplify the rate expressions for complex reaction networks. Without further redue, let’s get into the details! The important difference between a reaction with an observed stoichiometry and an elementary reaction is that the stoichiometry of an elementary reaction defines the concentration dependen ...
... simplify the rate expressions for complex reaction networks. Without further redue, let’s get into the details! The important difference between a reaction with an observed stoichiometry and an elementary reaction is that the stoichiometry of an elementary reaction defines the concentration dependen ...
Notes for Types of Reactions:
... chemical reaction = the _________ by which one or more substances are __________ into one or more _________ substances. in any chemical reaction, the _________ substances are known as the reactants and the __________ substances are known as the products. total mass of reactants = according to ...
... chemical reaction = the _________ by which one or more substances are __________ into one or more _________ substances. in any chemical reaction, the _________ substances are known as the reactants and the __________ substances are known as the products. total mass of reactants = according to ...
Taylor`s Organic Reactions Summary Sheet
... Alcohols Alcohols are formed by addition reactions between an Alkene/Alkyne and water this is called a hydration reaction. The hydrogen attaches to the carbon atom that already has more hydrogen atoms; the –OH group attaches to the other carbon atom in the double bond. Hydration Reaction: A reaction ...
... Alcohols Alcohols are formed by addition reactions between an Alkene/Alkyne and water this is called a hydration reaction. The hydrogen attaches to the carbon atom that already has more hydrogen atoms; the –OH group attaches to the other carbon atom in the double bond. Hydration Reaction: A reaction ...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... key intermediates would help in your explanation. Answer 4.4 Above are two sets of resonance structures. In each set, the right-hand structure reflects the positive polarization of the carbon atom which undergoes attack by nucleophiles. In the protonated structures, both are charged and the right ha ...
... key intermediates would help in your explanation. Answer 4.4 Above are two sets of resonance structures. In each set, the right-hand structure reflects the positive polarization of the carbon atom which undergoes attack by nucleophiles. In the protonated structures, both are charged and the right ha ...
CHEM 122: Introduction to Organic Chemistry Chapter 9: Aldehydes
... a) Draw a structural formula for this cyclic hemiacetal. b) How many stereoisomers are possible for 5-hydroxyhexanal? c) How many stereoisomers are possible for this cyclic hemiacetal? 24. The following molecule is an enediol; each carbon of the double bond carries an –OH group. Draw structural form ...
... a) Draw a structural formula for this cyclic hemiacetal. b) How many stereoisomers are possible for 5-hydroxyhexanal? c) How many stereoisomers are possible for this cyclic hemiacetal? 24. The following molecule is an enediol; each carbon of the double bond carries an –OH group. Draw structural form ...
doc
... thermodynamic equilibrium, which requires that delta G be small enough that any product that “took the wrong path” can back up and “try ...
... thermodynamic equilibrium, which requires that delta G be small enough that any product that “took the wrong path” can back up and “try ...
click - Chemsheets
... • Acidified potassium dichromate, contains Cr2O72• Used to test for alcohols (1y and 2y) & aldehydes – goes from orange Cr2O72- to green Cr3+ • Reduced from Cr(+6) to Cr(+3) ...
... • Acidified potassium dichromate, contains Cr2O72• Used to test for alcohols (1y and 2y) & aldehydes – goes from orange Cr2O72- to green Cr3+ • Reduced from Cr(+6) to Cr(+3) ...
Lecture Resource ()
... Irene Lee Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH ©2004, Prentice Hall ...
... Irene Lee Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH ©2004, Prentice Hall ...
Objective Reaction Type Structural Feature How to figure out how reactants react?
... Lone pair on O is Nu:- ==> reacts with Electrophiles (H+). ...
... Lone pair on O is Nu:- ==> reacts with Electrophiles (H+). ...
Chapter 1
... • Aldehydes and ketones are polar compounds • The carbonyl group is polar – The oxygen end is electronegative – Can hydrogen bond to water – Cannot form intermolecular hydrogen bond ...
... • Aldehydes and ketones are polar compounds • The carbonyl group is polar – The oxygen end is electronegative – Can hydrogen bond to water – Cannot form intermolecular hydrogen bond ...
Chapter 1 - dan
... • Aldehydes and ketones are polar compounds • The carbonyl group is polar – The oxygen end is electronegative – Can hydrogen bond to water – Cannot form intermolecular hydrogen bond ...
... • Aldehydes and ketones are polar compounds • The carbonyl group is polar – The oxygen end is electronegative – Can hydrogen bond to water – Cannot form intermolecular hydrogen bond ...
Physical Organic Chemistry
... without substituted with another atom or group. The elimination of HX molecule from alkyl derivatives. While X is a halogen or ester… etc. the hydrogen atom on adjacent carbon with X Elimination reactions and nucleophilic substitution are similar in cases of affecting factors. Hence it’s a com ...
... without substituted with another atom or group. The elimination of HX molecule from alkyl derivatives. While X is a halogen or ester… etc. the hydrogen atom on adjacent carbon with X Elimination reactions and nucleophilic substitution are similar in cases of affecting factors. Hence it’s a com ...
Asymmetric induction
Asymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) in stereochemistry describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment. Asymmetric induction is a key element in asymmetric synthesis.Asymmetric induction was introduced by Hermann Emil Fischer based on his work on carbohydrates. Several types of induction exist.Internal asymmetric induction makes use of a chiral center bound to the reactive center through a covalent bond and remains so during the reaction. The starting material is often derived from chiral pool synthesis. In relayed asymmetric induction the chiral information is introduced in a separate step and removed again in a separate chemical reaction. Special synthons are called chiral auxiliaries. In external asymmetric induction chiral information is introduced in the transition state through a catalyst of chiral ligand. This method of asymmetric synthesis is economically most desirable.