6.02 × 1023 molecules = 1 mole
... convert mass percent of each element to a molar ratio of each element. Step 1 Assume your unknown sample has a mass of 100 grams. ...
... convert mass percent of each element to a molar ratio of each element. Step 1 Assume your unknown sample has a mass of 100 grams. ...
Benzene, amines, amino acids and polymers File
... so nylon forms multiple hydrogen bonds among adjacent strands. Because the nylon backbone is so regular and symmetrical nylons often have high crystallinity and make excellent fibres. • Parallel strands can participate in extended, unbroken, multi-chain β-pleated sheets, a strong and tough supermole ...
... so nylon forms multiple hydrogen bonds among adjacent strands. Because the nylon backbone is so regular and symmetrical nylons often have high crystallinity and make excellent fibres. • Parallel strands can participate in extended, unbroken, multi-chain β-pleated sheets, a strong and tough supermole ...
06 Salts of carboxylic acids,saturated amino acids of aliphatic series
... polypeptide structural features. Proteins are biosynthesized from α-amino acids, and when proteins are hydrolyzed, amino acids are obtained. Some very complex (conjugated) proteins yield other hydrolysis products in addition to amino acids. α-Amino acids are commonly characterized with the generaliz ...
... polypeptide structural features. Proteins are biosynthesized from α-amino acids, and when proteins are hydrolyzed, amino acids are obtained. Some very complex (conjugated) proteins yield other hydrolysis products in addition to amino acids. α-Amino acids are commonly characterized with the generaliz ...
CHAPTER 11 BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE:
... strong base like NaOH, substitution reaction. • In an alcohol solvent, the same reactants form an alkene, elimination reaction. CH3 CH2 ...
... strong base like NaOH, substitution reaction. • In an alcohol solvent, the same reactants form an alkene, elimination reaction. CH3 CH2 ...
Reaction of niobium with water
... Tantalum wires were those used first for light bulbs (now tungsten is preferred). The metal is immune to body liquids and the body tolerates the metal well. Therefore, tantalum has widespread use for surgical use. Examples of this include sutures and as cranial repair plates. The metal is used in th ...
... Tantalum wires were those used first for light bulbs (now tungsten is preferred). The metal is immune to body liquids and the body tolerates the metal well. Therefore, tantalum has widespread use for surgical use. Examples of this include sutures and as cranial repair plates. The metal is used in th ...
2005/6 - SAASTA
... have Cu2+ and Cl- ions in solution (due to the dissociation of CuCl2) but water can either be oxidized or reduced as well. This suggests a need to compare two possible reduction half reactions and two possible oxidation half reactions. In each case usually, the E° that is more positive in each case ...
... have Cu2+ and Cl- ions in solution (due to the dissociation of CuCl2) but water can either be oxidized or reduced as well. This suggests a need to compare two possible reduction half reactions and two possible oxidation half reactions. In each case usually, the E° that is more positive in each case ...
Chemistry-Maths-Student-Guide
... Quite a lot of mathematics in chemistry is about one of three things: how much of a substance is involved in a reaction; how fast the reaction is going; and how far has a reaction gone. Two of these – calculations involving reacting quantities (or moles) and calculations involving reaction rates are ...
... Quite a lot of mathematics in chemistry is about one of three things: how much of a substance is involved in a reaction; how fast the reaction is going; and how far has a reaction gone. Two of these – calculations involving reacting quantities (or moles) and calculations involving reaction rates are ...
1P18 IR spectroscopic investigation on intermolecular proton
... although their neutral CH bonds are normally aprotic.[1] These findings raise the question which is more acidic in cationic states, OH (and NH) or CH. To compare acidities of cationic CH and OH bonds, we have studied an ionization-induced proton transfer of ethylene glycol and propanediol, both of w ...
... although their neutral CH bonds are normally aprotic.[1] These findings raise the question which is more acidic in cationic states, OH (and NH) or CH. To compare acidities of cationic CH and OH bonds, we have studied an ionization-induced proton transfer of ethylene glycol and propanediol, both of w ...
ppt
... Grignard Reagents. Conversion of an alkyl or aryl Grignard reagent to a carboxylic acid with an addition carbon (the CO2H group). The CO2H group is derived from CO2. Mg(0) R-Br ...
... Grignard Reagents. Conversion of an alkyl or aryl Grignard reagent to a carboxylic acid with an addition carbon (the CO2H group). The CO2H group is derived from CO2. Mg(0) R-Br ...
A) Sn4+ → Sn2+ + 2e
... 76. In the electrolysis of aqueous copper (II) bromide solution, CuBr 2(aq), 1.00 gram of Cu is deposited at the cathode. How many grams of bromine are formed at the anode? A) 2.00 grams C) 3.00 grams E) 159 grams ...
... 76. In the electrolysis of aqueous copper (II) bromide solution, CuBr 2(aq), 1.00 gram of Cu is deposited at the cathode. How many grams of bromine are formed at the anode? A) 2.00 grams C) 3.00 grams E) 159 grams ...
Chapter 9 Stoichiometry
... Percent yield tells us how “efficient” a reaction is. Percent yield can not be bigger than 100 %. ...
... Percent yield tells us how “efficient” a reaction is. Percent yield can not be bigger than 100 %. ...
Chapter Sixteen Aldehydes and Ketones
... ► If a small amount of acid catalyst is added to the reaction of an alcohol with an aldehyde or ketone, the hemiacetal initially formed is converted into an acetal in a substitution reaction. ► An acetal is a compound that has two -OR groups bonded to what was once the carbonyl carbon atom. ...
... ► If a small amount of acid catalyst is added to the reaction of an alcohol with an aldehyde or ketone, the hemiacetal initially formed is converted into an acetal in a substitution reaction. ► An acetal is a compound that has two -OR groups bonded to what was once the carbonyl carbon atom. ...
School of Chemistry and Physics Westville Campus, Durban
... Electronegativity increases from left to right along a row of the periodic table, and stays the same from top to bottom within a group ...
... Electronegativity increases from left to right along a row of the periodic table, and stays the same from top to bottom within a group ...
Oxidation catalytic system and oxidation process using the same
... N-hydroxyphthalimide), and a co-catalyst (except phospho vanadomolybdic acid) containing an element selected from the group consisting of Group 2A elements of the Periodic Table of Elements, transition metals (Group 3A to 7A elements, Group 8 elements, Group 1B elements and Group 2B elements of the ...
... N-hydroxyphthalimide), and a co-catalyst (except phospho vanadomolybdic acid) containing an element selected from the group consisting of Group 2A elements of the Periodic Table of Elements, transition metals (Group 3A to 7A elements, Group 8 elements, Group 1B elements and Group 2B elements of the ...
Lex 4.1 Alcohols Thiols Ethers
... 1. Find longest C-chain containing -OH group. 2. Name: drop the alkane ‘e’ replace with ‘-ol’ pentanol 3. Number: –OH is attached to lowest C number Name: location-alkan-ol: 1-pentanol 4. Locate/list other substituents in front 2-ethyl-1-pentanol ...
... 1. Find longest C-chain containing -OH group. 2. Name: drop the alkane ‘e’ replace with ‘-ol’ pentanol 3. Number: –OH is attached to lowest C number Name: location-alkan-ol: 1-pentanol 4. Locate/list other substituents in front 2-ethyl-1-pentanol ...
Functional Groups & Naming Organic Compounds
... International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ...
... International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ...
Catalytic Functionalization of Methyl Group on Silicon: Iridium
... ligands were examined (entries 2−7). The yield was improved to 67% with a 4,7-dimethyl derivative (4,7-Me2-phen, entry 4), while the parent 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 5,6-dimethyl derivative (5,6-Me2-phen) gave 4a in low yields (entries 2 and 3). 2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (2,9-Me2-phen) c ...
... ligands were examined (entries 2−7). The yield was improved to 67% with a 4,7-dimethyl derivative (4,7-Me2-phen, entry 4), while the parent 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 5,6-dimethyl derivative (5,6-Me2-phen) gave 4a in low yields (entries 2 and 3). 2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (2,9-Me2-phen) c ...
Exp 2
... Water is usually always used as a solvent for most experiments in chemistry. However, water, which is a polar molecule, and many organic compounds, which are often not polar, at not miscible. Organic compounds which are soluble in water usually also contain polar bonds due to the presence of oxygen, ...
... Water is usually always used as a solvent for most experiments in chemistry. However, water, which is a polar molecule, and many organic compounds, which are often not polar, at not miscible. Organic compounds which are soluble in water usually also contain polar bonds due to the presence of oxygen, ...
Experiment Download
... made a logical guess between the two in matching. Heck, 50/50 chance at getting it right. Yes, I was able to separate each spectra as one of three possible functional groups; alcohol, ether, or alkene (hydrocarbon). Then between the two spectra of the same functional group, an educated guess was mad ...
... made a logical guess between the two in matching. Heck, 50/50 chance at getting it right. Yes, I was able to separate each spectra as one of three possible functional groups; alcohol, ether, or alkene (hydrocarbon). Then between the two spectra of the same functional group, an educated guess was mad ...
Chapter 1 Introduction
... criteria. Among the most significant of these is the description of a solid as being either crystalline or amorphous. Large natural crystals of a variety of solids have been known to man for thousands of years. Typical examples are quartz (SiO2), rock salt (NaCl) the sulphides of metals such as lead ...
... criteria. Among the most significant of these is the description of a solid as being either crystalline or amorphous. Large natural crystals of a variety of solids have been known to man for thousands of years. Typical examples are quartz (SiO2), rock salt (NaCl) the sulphides of metals such as lead ...
Chapter 9
... • The most common reaction of aromatic compounds • This reaction is characteristic of all aromatic rings ...
... • The most common reaction of aromatic compounds • This reaction is characteristic of all aromatic rings ...
Alcohols
... Remember, the acidity of any alcohol is determined by the stability of the alkoxide or phenoxide anion produced. The more stable the anion produced the more acidic the alcohol An electron-withdrawing substituent makes a phenol more acidic by delocalizing the negative charge on the phenoxide anion Ph ...
... Remember, the acidity of any alcohol is determined by the stability of the alkoxide or phenoxide anion produced. The more stable the anion produced the more acidic the alcohol An electron-withdrawing substituent makes a phenol more acidic by delocalizing the negative charge on the phenoxide anion Ph ...
Organic Chemistry 145 CHEM
... - Bromine adds as follows; In the first step, the addition occurs mainly trans. ...
... - Bromine adds as follows; In the first step, the addition occurs mainly trans. ...
Amines
... The nitrile, RC≡N, is reduced to the 1o amine by conversion of the C≡N to R-CH2-NH2 Reagents : either lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) / ether solvent or catalytic hydrogenation (e.g. H2/Pd). Alkyl nitriles are prepared by nucleophilic substitution (SN2) by cyanide ion, CN-, of primary or secondary ...
... The nitrile, RC≡N, is reduced to the 1o amine by conversion of the C≡N to R-CH2-NH2 Reagents : either lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) / ether solvent or catalytic hydrogenation (e.g. H2/Pd). Alkyl nitriles are prepared by nucleophilic substitution (SN2) by cyanide ion, CN-, of primary or secondary ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.