Chapter 1-
... "Acidity" in Organic Chemistry In organic chemistry, the term "acidity" is broadly used and is a fundamental property of all organic materials. Many reactions depend on the relative acidities of organic compounds which direct proton transfers, and the course of reactions. The range of acidities of ...
... "Acidity" in Organic Chemistry In organic chemistry, the term "acidity" is broadly used and is a fundamental property of all organic materials. Many reactions depend on the relative acidities of organic compounds which direct proton transfers, and the course of reactions. The range of acidities of ...
Acid Base Equilibria
... NH3. Such substances are said to AMPHOTERIC. Conjugate acid – base pairs Conjugate acids and bases is another important topic. Simply put, it's where two compounds transform into each other by a gain or loss of a proton. The conjugate acid is seen as the chemical substance that releases or donates a ...
... NH3. Such substances are said to AMPHOTERIC. Conjugate acid – base pairs Conjugate acids and bases is another important topic. Simply put, it's where two compounds transform into each other by a gain or loss of a proton. The conjugate acid is seen as the chemical substance that releases or donates a ...
8 SHS Ch 8 Lecture shs_ch_8_lecture_2012
... Step 2 . To balance C's, 5 must be inserted in front of C O 2. 1 C 5H12 + O2 --> 5CO2 + H 2O Step 3 . To balance H 's, 6 must be inserted in front of H 2O . 1 C 5H12 + O2 --> 5CO2 + 6 H2O Step 4 . To balance O's, 8 must be inserted in front of O 2 . 1 C 5H12 + 8O2 = 5CO2 + 6H2O E rase 1 from the equ ...
... Step 2 . To balance C's, 5 must be inserted in front of C O 2. 1 C 5H12 + O2 --> 5CO2 + H 2O Step 3 . To balance H 's, 6 must be inserted in front of H 2O . 1 C 5H12 + O2 --> 5CO2 + 6 H2O Step 4 . To balance O's, 8 must be inserted in front of O 2 . 1 C 5H12 + 8O2 = 5CO2 + 6H2O E rase 1 from the equ ...
RheniumCatalyzed Deoxydehydration of Diols and Polyols
... nature of the reductant was not resolved. A monomeric rhenium(VI) bisdiolate has been prepared by Sillanp and coworkers,[34] who reduced the rhenium(VII) hydrogendiolate ReO3(Hdiolate) by PPh3 in the presence of one equivalent of diol and isolated the red ReO(diolate)2. For more elaborate discussi ...
... nature of the reductant was not resolved. A monomeric rhenium(VI) bisdiolate has been prepared by Sillanp and coworkers,[34] who reduced the rhenium(VII) hydrogendiolate ReO3(Hdiolate) by PPh3 in the presence of one equivalent of diol and isolated the red ReO(diolate)2. For more elaborate discussi ...
Oxidation/Reduction (Redox) Processes – A Brief Overview
... Although the atoms are not fully charged, the redox terminology is the same. The H atoms of elemental hydrogen have become oxidized (more positive than they were), and the Cl atoms of elemental chlorine have become reduced (more negative than they were). Similar changes can occur in many reactions i ...
... Although the atoms are not fully charged, the redox terminology is the same. The H atoms of elemental hydrogen have become oxidized (more positive than they were), and the Cl atoms of elemental chlorine have become reduced (more negative than they were). Similar changes can occur in many reactions i ...
Copper-catalysed selective hydroamination reactions of alkynes Please share
... enantioselectivity (≥97% e.e., Table 3). These mild catalytic conditions tolerated a range of common functional groups including ethers (5c, 5h), alcohols (5i), aryl halides (5e, 5f), pyridines (5d), indoles (5g), acetals (5j), and ketals (5m, 5n). Moreover, a reaction conducted on 10 mmol scale pro ...
... enantioselectivity (≥97% e.e., Table 3). These mild catalytic conditions tolerated a range of common functional groups including ethers (5c, 5h), alcohols (5i), aryl halides (5e, 5f), pyridines (5d), indoles (5g), acetals (5j), and ketals (5m, 5n). Moreover, a reaction conducted on 10 mmol scale pro ...
REACTING MASSES – ACTIVITY SHEET
... 5) Aluminium is extracted from aluminium oxide in the following reaction. 2Al2O3 → 4Al + 3O2 a) Calculate the maximum theoretical mass of aluminium that can be made from 1 kg of aluminium oxide. b) In the reaction, only 500 g of aluminium was made. Calculate the percentage yield. ...
... 5) Aluminium is extracted from aluminium oxide in the following reaction. 2Al2O3 → 4Al + 3O2 a) Calculate the maximum theoretical mass of aluminium that can be made from 1 kg of aluminium oxide. b) In the reaction, only 500 g of aluminium was made. Calculate the percentage yield. ...
CHM 3200 - Miami Dade College
... b. Illustrating methodologies for the synthesis of aldehydes (via oxidation of primary alcohols and reduction of carboxylic acids and esters). c. Illustrating methodologies for the synthesis of ketones (via oxidation of secondary alcohols). d. Identifying and illustrating reactions of aldehydes and ...
... b. Illustrating methodologies for the synthesis of aldehydes (via oxidation of primary alcohols and reduction of carboxylic acids and esters). c. Illustrating methodologies for the synthesis of ketones (via oxidation of secondary alcohols). d. Identifying and illustrating reactions of aldehydes and ...
Chapter 19: Carboxylic Acids
... And either diethyl ether or Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvents; it reduces carboxylic acid to alcohol, but does not reduce it to a ketone. ...
... And either diethyl ether or Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvents; it reduces carboxylic acid to alcohol, but does not reduce it to a ketone. ...
TIPS for NET-IONIC EQUATIONS A.P. Chemistry (long form)
... Hydrolysis Reactions are generally understood as reactions of something with water. Reaction should not be confused with dissolving. Many compounds dissolve in water and are essentially unchanged. In a hydrolysis reaction, some new substance or species forms that is not found in the original compoun ...
... Hydrolysis Reactions are generally understood as reactions of something with water. Reaction should not be confused with dissolving. Many compounds dissolve in water and are essentially unchanged. In a hydrolysis reaction, some new substance or species forms that is not found in the original compoun ...
Carbon and its Compounds Summary Study of the compounds of
... Soap forms a colloidal solution in water and when soap is applied to the surface of a wet dirty cloth, the non-polar long end hydrocarbon of soap attaches itself to the dirt and grease. The short polar or ionic end of the soap molecule remains attached to water molecules. The latter form very small ...
... Soap forms a colloidal solution in water and when soap is applied to the surface of a wet dirty cloth, the non-polar long end hydrocarbon of soap attaches itself to the dirt and grease. The short polar or ionic end of the soap molecule remains attached to water molecules. The latter form very small ...
Green synthesis of 2-amino-7-hydroxy-4-aryl-4H
... capillaries with a BUCHI 510 melting point apparatus. TLC was performed on silica gel Polygram SIL G/UV 254 plates. IR spectra were recorded on a Galaxy 5000 FT-IR spectrophotometer. All of the compounds were solid and solid state IR spectra were recorded using the KBr disk technique. 3.1. Preparati ...
... capillaries with a BUCHI 510 melting point apparatus. TLC was performed on silica gel Polygram SIL G/UV 254 plates. IR spectra were recorded on a Galaxy 5000 FT-IR spectrophotometer. All of the compounds were solid and solid state IR spectra were recorded using the KBr disk technique. 3.1. Preparati ...
Mass - Mass Relationships
... excess sodium carbonate? What kind of reaction is this? Double displacement. Write the balanced equation. 2 AgCl + Na2CO3 Ag2CO3 + 2NaCl ...
... excess sodium carbonate? What kind of reaction is this? Double displacement. Write the balanced equation. 2 AgCl + Na2CO3 Ag2CO3 + 2NaCl ...
PP IR Spectroscopy
... organic molecules have a lot of C-C and C-H bonds within their structure spectra obtained will have peaks in the 1400 cm-1 to 800 cm-1 range this is referred to as the “fingerprint” region the pattern obtained is characteristic of a particular compound the frequency of any absorption is also affecte ...
... organic molecules have a lot of C-C and C-H bonds within their structure spectra obtained will have peaks in the 1400 cm-1 to 800 cm-1 range this is referred to as the “fingerprint” region the pattern obtained is characteristic of a particular compound the frequency of any absorption is also affecte ...
Unit 2:
... In a saturated solution of MgF2 at 18ºC, the concentration of Mg2+ is 1.2110-3 molar. The equilibrium is represented by the equation above. (a) Write the expression for the solubility-product constant, Ksp, and calculate its value at 18ºC. (b) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of Mg2+ in 1.00 ...
... In a saturated solution of MgF2 at 18ºC, the concentration of Mg2+ is 1.2110-3 molar. The equilibrium is represented by the equation above. (a) Write the expression for the solubility-product constant, Ksp, and calculate its value at 18ºC. (b) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of Mg2+ in 1.00 ...
Carbonyl α-substitution and Condensation Reactions
... Carbonyl compounds can behave as either electrophiles or nucleophiles. In a nucleophilic addition reaction or a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, the carbonyl group behaves as an electrophile by accepting electrons from an attacking nucleophile. In an a-substitution reaction, the carbonyl com ...
... Carbonyl compounds can behave as either electrophiles or nucleophiles. In a nucleophilic addition reaction or a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, the carbonyl group behaves as an electrophile by accepting electrons from an attacking nucleophile. In an a-substitution reaction, the carbonyl com ...
Topic 6 - uaschemistry
... This technique is limited to reactions that produce a gas (obviously!) PLUS if the gas is to be collected over water, the gas must not be water soluble. An alternative technique is to carry out the reaction in a vessel of fixed volume and monitor the increase in the gas pressure ...
... This technique is limited to reactions that produce a gas (obviously!) PLUS if the gas is to be collected over water, the gas must not be water soluble. An alternative technique is to carry out the reaction in a vessel of fixed volume and monitor the increase in the gas pressure ...
Ch 16 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
... Notice how the Al atom gains e-1’s in order to fulfill its octet, rather than losing e-1’s as it typically does to become a metal cation. There are limitations on the types of alkyl chlorides and aromatic rings that will work. First the chloride must be alkyl (Cl is attached to an sp3 C), and not vi ...
... Notice how the Al atom gains e-1’s in order to fulfill its octet, rather than losing e-1’s as it typically does to become a metal cation. There are limitations on the types of alkyl chlorides and aromatic rings that will work. First the chloride must be alkyl (Cl is attached to an sp3 C), and not vi ...
unit (4) calculations and chemical reactions
... chemical reactions. One approach is to classify reactions into four types: combination, decomposition, single replacement and double replacement reactions. I) Combination Reactions In a combination reaction, two or more substances react to form a single product. The general form of this reaction is ...
... chemical reactions. One approach is to classify reactions into four types: combination, decomposition, single replacement and double replacement reactions. I) Combination Reactions In a combination reaction, two or more substances react to form a single product. The general form of this reaction is ...
g moles molarity
... Example : Write a net ionic equation for each of the following reactions in dilute water solution Ethylamine (CH3CH2NH2) with perchloric acid HClO4 CH3CH2NH2 is an amine ...
... Example : Write a net ionic equation for each of the following reactions in dilute water solution Ethylamine (CH3CH2NH2) with perchloric acid HClO4 CH3CH2NH2 is an amine ...
〈541〉 TITRIMETRY
... In most cases, however, the use of an appropriate redox indicator will yield a much sharper endpoint. It may be necessary to adjust the oxidation state of the analyte prior to titration through use of an appropriate oxidizing or reducing agent; the excess reagent must then be removed, e.g., through ...
... In most cases, however, the use of an appropriate redox indicator will yield a much sharper endpoint. It may be necessary to adjust the oxidation state of the analyte prior to titration through use of an appropriate oxidizing or reducing agent; the excess reagent must then be removed, e.g., through ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.