Structure and Bonding
... hydrogen over a finely alkanes divided metal catalyst such as palladium, nickel, or platinum. This is an addition reaction since it involves the addition of hydrogen atoms to each end of the double bond. It is also called a catalytic hydrogenation or a reduction reaction. The catalyst is crucial sin ...
... hydrogen over a finely alkanes divided metal catalyst such as palladium, nickel, or platinum. This is an addition reaction since it involves the addition of hydrogen atoms to each end of the double bond. It is also called a catalytic hydrogenation or a reduction reaction. The catalyst is crucial sin ...
classification of chemical reactions
... shows chemical reactions using symbols and numbers instead of words shows the formula which contains the reactants and products Example: 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O [reactant] [reactant] [products] reactants are found to the left side of the arrow products are found to the right side of the arrow ...
... shows chemical reactions using symbols and numbers instead of words shows the formula which contains the reactants and products Example: 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O [reactant] [reactant] [products] reactants are found to the left side of the arrow products are found to the right side of the arrow ...
6-1 Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
... specific heat of water = 4.18 J /(g oC) grams of water = 50. change in temperature = final temperature - initial temperature There are 4.184 Joules in one calorie. Clean Up: Barium is a toxic metal and must be disposed of by EH&S. Collect the chemicals from the endothermic reaction in a waste bottle ...
... specific heat of water = 4.18 J /(g oC) grams of water = 50. change in temperature = final temperature - initial temperature There are 4.184 Joules in one calorie. Clean Up: Barium is a toxic metal and must be disposed of by EH&S. Collect the chemicals from the endothermic reaction in a waste bottle ...
PRACTICE FINAL EXAM CHEMISTRY 152 This
... PRACTICE FINAL EXAM CHEMISTRY 152 This practice final represents the format and general types of questions that you should expect to see on the final exam. Do not limit your studying to completing this final – you can also go back to old tests and “redo” them, redo Mastering Chemistry assignments fo ...
... PRACTICE FINAL EXAM CHEMISTRY 152 This practice final represents the format and general types of questions that you should expect to see on the final exam. Do not limit your studying to completing this final – you can also go back to old tests and “redo” them, redo Mastering Chemistry assignments fo ...
File - TGHS Level 3 Chemistry
... aldehydes (but not with alcohols) Tollen’s (silver mirror) test: This colourless (Ag(NH3)2+) solution turns the test tube silver ...
... aldehydes (but not with alcohols) Tollen’s (silver mirror) test: This colourless (Ag(NH3)2+) solution turns the test tube silver ...
Lab 1-1 - My eCoach
... Lab 2-1 A Study of Chemical Changes INTRODUCTION: Chemistry is a science that investigates changes in matter. Chemical reactions are the changes matter undergoes. The changes you can observe are called “macroscopic changes.” Often these changes, such as color changes, the formation of a solid (preci ...
... Lab 2-1 A Study of Chemical Changes INTRODUCTION: Chemistry is a science that investigates changes in matter. Chemical reactions are the changes matter undergoes. The changes you can observe are called “macroscopic changes.” Often these changes, such as color changes, the formation of a solid (preci ...
22. Oxidation of Cyclohexanol
... Read section 13.10 in your lecture textbook (D. Klein, Organic Chemistry, Wiley, 2012). Study this chapter and the on-line notes from the Organic Chemistry web site. Do the first seven parts of your notebook writeup. A student who has prepared for the Oxidation of Cyclohexanol experiment should be a ...
... Read section 13.10 in your lecture textbook (D. Klein, Organic Chemistry, Wiley, 2012). Study this chapter and the on-line notes from the Organic Chemistry web site. Do the first seven parts of your notebook writeup. A student who has prepared for the Oxidation of Cyclohexanol experiment should be a ...
Question Paper
... 19. i) State Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Give its mathematical equation. ii) Calculate the wave number of the spectral line of shortest wave length appearing in the Balmer series of Hydrogen spectrum. ...
... 19. i) State Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Give its mathematical equation. ii) Calculate the wave number of the spectral line of shortest wave length appearing in the Balmer series of Hydrogen spectrum. ...
polymerisation
... contain an ester link can be broken down by hydrolysis the C-O bond breaks behaves as an ester (hydrolysed at the ester link) biodegradable photobiodegradable (C=O absorbs radiation) ...
... contain an ester link can be broken down by hydrolysis the C-O bond breaks behaves as an ester (hydrolysed at the ester link) biodegradable photobiodegradable (C=O absorbs radiation) ...
ppt
... • Works best for methyl- and 1°-halides or tosylates. • E2 elimination is a competing reaction with 2° -halides or tosylates • 3° halides undergo E2 elimination • Vinyl and aryl halides do not react ...
... • Works best for methyl- and 1°-halides or tosylates. • E2 elimination is a competing reaction with 2° -halides or tosylates • 3° halides undergo E2 elimination • Vinyl and aryl halides do not react ...
Kwang-Ting Liu Department of Chemistry National Taiwan
... • 4. “Grignard-like” reactions in aqueous media. • 5. Microwave assisted condensation reactions, e.g., Knoevenagel reaction and formation of imines. ...
... • 4. “Grignard-like” reactions in aqueous media. • 5. Microwave assisted condensation reactions, e.g., Knoevenagel reaction and formation of imines. ...
Lectures 15, 16 and 17
... • The net result is that the bond is broken, two new bonds are formed, and the elements of H and Nu are added across the bond. • Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic attack for both steric and electronic reasons. ...
... • The net result is that the bond is broken, two new bonds are formed, and the elements of H and Nu are added across the bond. • Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic attack for both steric and electronic reasons. ...
Addition reactions
... Electrophilic addition Electrophilic addition: an alkene or alkyne serves as the Nu: and donates : to the electropositive atom of a molecule, typically an acid • Substrate is unsaturated • Reactant is often an acid • The two halves (electropositive & electronegative) are both added “across” the dou ...
... Electrophilic addition Electrophilic addition: an alkene or alkyne serves as the Nu: and donates : to the electropositive atom of a molecule, typically an acid • Substrate is unsaturated • Reactant is often an acid • The two halves (electropositive & electronegative) are both added “across” the dou ...
chemisty_ass_2
... COLLEGE: MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT: MEDICINE AND SURGERY. COURSE CODE: CHEMISTRY 101. 1. Calculate the change in PH obtained on the addition of 0.03 mole of solid NaOH to a buffer solution that consists of 0.15M sodium acetate and 0.15M acetic acid solution, if we assume that there is ...
... COLLEGE: MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT: MEDICINE AND SURGERY. COURSE CODE: CHEMISTRY 101. 1. Calculate the change in PH obtained on the addition of 0.03 mole of solid NaOH to a buffer solution that consists of 0.15M sodium acetate and 0.15M acetic acid solution, if we assume that there is ...
Heat of reaction
... to make informed decisions. • For several reactions a direct measurement can be done with a calorimeter. • Many times this is impossible or it is a time consuming task which makes it very hard. • Hess’s law allows us to manipulate equations for calculating ΔH for a given reaction. • If a reaction is ...
... to make informed decisions. • For several reactions a direct measurement can be done with a calorimeter. • Many times this is impossible or it is a time consuming task which makes it very hard. • Hess’s law allows us to manipulate equations for calculating ΔH for a given reaction. • If a reaction is ...
Alcohols
... carbon atom it is primary; two other carbon atoms – secondary and three carbon atoms – tertiary. Properties of Alcohols The hydroxyl group in an alcohol is polar therefore hydrogen bonding occurs. “Like dissolves Like” therefore these molecules are soluble in other polar solvents. However, in lo ...
... carbon atom it is primary; two other carbon atoms – secondary and three carbon atoms – tertiary. Properties of Alcohols The hydroxyl group in an alcohol is polar therefore hydrogen bonding occurs. “Like dissolves Like” therefore these molecules are soluble in other polar solvents. However, in lo ...
BSc-Chemistry-II
... carboxylic acids. Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. Reduction of carboxylic acids. Mechanism of decarboxylation, esterification and hydrolysis of esters (acidic and basic). Reactive methylene compounds: malonic ester and acetoacetic ester – preparation and synthetic applications. Mechanism of Claisen ...
... carboxylic acids. Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. Reduction of carboxylic acids. Mechanism of decarboxylation, esterification and hydrolysis of esters (acidic and basic). Reactive methylene compounds: malonic ester and acetoacetic ester – preparation and synthetic applications. Mechanism of Claisen ...
Stoichiometry
... Two compounds are involved with the cation of one compound EXCHANGING with the cation of another compound. AX + BZ AZ + BX These reactions proceed if one of the ff. is satisfied: 1. An insoluble/slightly soluble product is formed (PRECIPITATE formation) 2. A weakly ionized species is produced. The ...
... Two compounds are involved with the cation of one compound EXCHANGING with the cation of another compound. AX + BZ AZ + BX These reactions proceed if one of the ff. is satisfied: 1. An insoluble/slightly soluble product is formed (PRECIPITATE formation) 2. A weakly ionized species is produced. The ...
CHEM 122: Introduction to Organic Chemistry Chapter 9: Aldehydes
... a) Draw a structural formula for this cyclic hemiacetal. b) How many stereoisomers are possible for 5-hydroxyhexanal? c) How many stereoisomers are possible for this cyclic hemiacetal? 24. The following molecule is an enediol; each carbon of the double bond carries an –OH group. Draw structural form ...
... a) Draw a structural formula for this cyclic hemiacetal. b) How many stereoisomers are possible for 5-hydroxyhexanal? c) How many stereoisomers are possible for this cyclic hemiacetal? 24. The following molecule is an enediol; each carbon of the double bond carries an –OH group. Draw structural form ...
Παρουσίαση του PowerPoint
... Therefore, RLI, NH2-, RO-, H-, attack on the carbonyl and RMgBr, R3N, RS-, and stable carbanions tend to give the Michael type products. ...
... Therefore, RLI, NH2-, RO-, H-, attack on the carbonyl and RMgBr, R3N, RS-, and stable carbanions tend to give the Michael type products. ...
Solvothermal Synthesis of Polyazomethine Microspheres
... S2. Synthesis of 5, 10, 15, 20-Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine,TAPR 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine was synthesised according to the previously reported procedure[S2] with a little modified. 4-nitrobenzaldehydewas(10.0 g，66mmol) dissolved in 60 mL nitrobenzene, to which ...
... S2. Synthesis of 5, 10, 15, 20-Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine,TAPR 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine was synthesised according to the previously reported procedure[S2] with a little modified. 4-nitrobenzaldehydewas(10.0 g，66mmol) dissolved in 60 mL nitrobenzene, to which ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.