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Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor
... Figure 2. Graphical representation of the computational interactions between expectation and error units: the interactions depicted here are based on the differential equations describing the neuronal dynamics implied by generalised predictive coding (e.g., Equation 3 in [30]). Note the hierarchical ...
... Figure 2. Graphical representation of the computational interactions between expectation and error units: the interactions depicted here are based on the differential equations describing the neuronal dynamics implied by generalised predictive coding (e.g., Equation 3 in [30]). Note the hierarchical ...
Volume and Number of Neurons of the Human
... In the second step, estimates of the reference volume of the delineated subdivisions of the HF were made according to the classic mathematical principle of Cavalieri (1966): The volume of an object is the sum of the areas of individual profiles of the object on a set of systematically positioned par ...
... In the second step, estimates of the reference volume of the delineated subdivisions of the HF were made according to the classic mathematical principle of Cavalieri (1966): The volume of an object is the sum of the areas of individual profiles of the object on a set of systematically positioned par ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... Our perception relies on the interaction between proximal and distant points in visual space, requiring short- and long-range neural connections among neurons responding to different regions within the retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-surround RF can only accommodate short-range inte ...
... Our perception relies on the interaction between proximal and distant points in visual space, requiring short- and long-range neural connections among neurons responding to different regions within the retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-surround RF can only accommodate short-range inte ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... thalamic relay nuclei change their activities in vivo from periodic and rhythmic spike bursts during natural, slow wave sleep to tonic firing of trains of single spikes during waking and REM sleep in behaving cats with chronic implants. Similar changes in firing pattern occur in vitro neurons in the ...
... thalamic relay nuclei change their activities in vivo from periodic and rhythmic spike bursts during natural, slow wave sleep to tonic firing of trains of single spikes during waking and REM sleep in behaving cats with chronic implants. Similar changes in firing pattern occur in vitro neurons in the ...
In VivoCalcium Imaging Reveals Functional Rewiring of Single
... Functional mapping and microstimulation studies suggest that recovery after stroke damage can be attributed to surviving brain regions taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation ...
... Functional mapping and microstimulation studies suggest that recovery after stroke damage can be attributed to surviving brain regions taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation ...
Copy of the full paper
... (action potentials) by computing the currents flowing through cell membrane and synaptic nodes. It is possible to reduce the size of these models to facilitate their computation. Other popular models are based on a phenomenological description of the neurons. They are well adapted to the study of co ...
... (action potentials) by computing the currents flowing through cell membrane and synaptic nodes. It is possible to reduce the size of these models to facilitate their computation. Other popular models are based on a phenomenological description of the neurons. They are well adapted to the study of co ...
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory
... the progeny of different progenitor cells. Furthermore, the morphology and biophysical properties of these control neurons confirmed that they were excitatory neurons (Fig. 3d–g). Hence they served as adjacent nonsibling controls. Once all four recordings were established, action potentials were seq ...
... the progeny of different progenitor cells. Furthermore, the morphology and biophysical properties of these control neurons confirmed that they were excitatory neurons (Fig. 3d–g). Hence they served as adjacent nonsibling controls. Once all four recordings were established, action potentials were seq ...
Traditional Posters: Neuroimaging
... McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec , Canada; 2NeuroRx Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 3McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 4NeuroRx Research, Montreal, Queb ...
... McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec , Canada; 2NeuroRx Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 3McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 4NeuroRx Research, Montreal, Queb ...
article in press - Department of Physiology, Development and
... sounds, with the former unambiguously more speech-like. We used the Bradley – Terry – Luce technique (David, 1988) which converts paired-comparison data into a relative perceptual scale—in this case a scale of Fspeechlikeness_. This technique requires that the stimulus set includes a reasonable dive ...
... sounds, with the former unambiguously more speech-like. We used the Bradley – Terry – Luce technique (David, 1988) which converts paired-comparison data into a relative perceptual scale—in this case a scale of Fspeechlikeness_. This technique requires that the stimulus set includes a reasonable dive ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... In contrast, in the ventral auditory pathway, the computational mechanisms that lead from the coding of the sensory features of an auditory stimulus to higher-order representations are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas o ...
... In contrast, in the ventral auditory pathway, the computational mechanisms that lead from the coding of the sensory features of an auditory stimulus to higher-order representations are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas o ...
Temporal and Spatial Integration in the Rat SI Vibrissa Cortex
... in the periphery (79), respond differentially to a variety of stimulus parameters such as angular direction, velocity, amplitude, and frequency (see also Refs. 3,24,49). When a unit is activated by more than one whisker, the responses elicited by stimulation of different vibrissae comprising the rec ...
... in the periphery (79), respond differentially to a variety of stimulus parameters such as angular direction, velocity, amplitude, and frequency (see also Refs. 3,24,49). When a unit is activated by more than one whisker, the responses elicited by stimulation of different vibrissae comprising the rec ...
Chapter 2: Communication Within the Nervous System
... A good textbook is all about teaching, but there is no teaching if there is no learning. Over the years, my students taught me a great deal about what they needed to help them learn. For one thing, I realized how important it is for students to build on their knowledge throughout the course, so I m ...
... A good textbook is all about teaching, but there is no teaching if there is no learning. Over the years, my students taught me a great deal about what they needed to help them learn. For one thing, I realized how important it is for students to build on their knowledge throughout the course, so I m ...
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body
... center for higher-order brain function in insects. It is an intricate neuropil composed of four substructures. Each substructure contains repeated neuronal elements which are connected by processes such that topography is maintained. Although the neuronal architecture has been described in several i ...
... center for higher-order brain function in insects. It is an intricate neuropil composed of four substructures. Each substructure contains repeated neuronal elements which are connected by processes such that topography is maintained. Although the neuronal architecture has been described in several i ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... on the cytoarchitectonic subdivision into areas 4 and 6 according to Brodmann or the functional subdivision into primary motor, supplementary motor, and lateral premotor cortex has changed in recent years. Instead, this cortical region is now regarded as a complex mosaic of different areas. This rev ...
... on the cytoarchitectonic subdivision into areas 4 and 6 according to Brodmann or the functional subdivision into primary motor, supplementary motor, and lateral premotor cortex has changed in recent years. Instead, this cortical region is now regarded as a complex mosaic of different areas. This rev ...
The Fraction of Cortical GABAergic Neurons Is Constant from Near
... steps. The first step is to estimate, at each age, what fraction of all cortical cells are neurons, and the second step is to find what fraction of all cortical cells are GAD67 ⫹. In the final step we divide the second fraction by the first to find the fraction of all neurons that are GAD67 ⫹ at the ...
... steps. The first step is to estimate, at each age, what fraction of all cortical cells are neurons, and the second step is to find what fraction of all cortical cells are GAD67 ⫹. In the final step we divide the second fraction by the first to find the fraction of all neurons that are GAD67 ⫹ at the ...
Computing Action Potentials by Phase Interference in
... efficiency [3], both natural and artificial neural networks [4-13] and a conduction system to associate memories and processes [14,15]. In this paper, we solely consider conduction by action potentials and their ability to act as compound phase-ternary objects for an artificial neural network. The b ...
... efficiency [3], both natural and artificial neural networks [4-13] and a conduction system to associate memories and processes [14,15]. In this paper, we solely consider conduction by action potentials and their ability to act as compound phase-ternary objects for an artificial neural network. The b ...
Somatosensory System Organization and Texture Sensation in Rats
... clusters resembled wine casks, calling out for the name barrels (Figure 21.6B). The insight of Woolsey and van der Loos was that the spatial arrangement of the barrels replicates exactly the spatial arrangement of the whiskers on the snout. The authors concluded that the barrel field is a map of the ...
... clusters resembled wine casks, calling out for the name barrels (Figure 21.6B). The insight of Woolsey and van der Loos was that the spatial arrangement of the barrels replicates exactly the spatial arrangement of the whiskers on the snout. The authors concluded that the barrel field is a map of the ...
Learning sensory maps with real-world stimuli in real time using a
... In previous work we have shown, using computer simulations, how some of these biological mechanisms can support learning allowing extremely high learning rates and robustness to inhomogeneities of the stimulus set [26], [34]. In addition, our models allow for the combination of local learning mechan ...
... In previous work we have shown, using computer simulations, how some of these biological mechanisms can support learning allowing extremely high learning rates and robustness to inhomogeneities of the stimulus set [26], [34]. In addition, our models allow for the combination of local learning mechan ...
The Gene Encoding Disabled-1 (DAB1), the Intracellular Adaptor of
... Various isoforms of the mouse DAB1 protein have been described. The main form contains an open reading frame of 555 amino acids encoding a 80-kDa protein, the predominant form expressed in the brain. Another form, 555*, contains an additional exon inserted in-frame between codons 241 and 242. Form 2 ...
... Various isoforms of the mouse DAB1 protein have been described. The main form contains an open reading frame of 555 amino acids encoding a 80-kDa protein, the predominant form expressed in the brain. Another form, 555*, contains an additional exon inserted in-frame between codons 241 and 242. Form 2 ...
Lecture 8 - EdUHK Moodle
... Communication Between Neurons LO 2.2 How Neurons Use Neurotransmitters to Communicate ...
... Communication Between Neurons LO 2.2 How Neurons Use Neurotransmitters to Communicate ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... amplitudes6,11,13, the size of receptive fields14–17, and noise correlations between pairs of neurons18,19. As cortical neurons are highly heterogeneous across cortical layers20,21, the effects of cortical states are also heterogeneous depending on cell classes: with respect to spontaneous activity, ...
... amplitudes6,11,13, the size of receptive fields14–17, and noise correlations between pairs of neurons18,19. As cortical neurons are highly heterogeneous across cortical layers20,21, the effects of cortical states are also heterogeneous depending on cell classes: with respect to spontaneous activity, ...
[PDF]
... spaces are well known and easily defined. The mathematical problem is circumscribed. In other cortical areas, such as high-order visual areas or motor areas, the parameter spaces are less well known, difficult to define precisely, and much more highly dimensional. In a recent series of experiments, ...
... spaces are well known and easily defined. The mathematical problem is circumscribed. In other cortical areas, such as high-order visual areas or motor areas, the parameter spaces are less well known, difficult to define precisely, and much more highly dimensional. In a recent series of experiments, ...
Ch. 3–Biological Basis of Behavior PPT
... Windows on the Brain MRI: (magnetic resonance imaging)—a 3D image best for looking at soft tissue like ligaments, tendons and brain tumors, spinal cord PROS: No radiation Much higher soft tissue detail than CT scan CONS: More expensive Takes at least 30 minutes fMRI: a 4D image (time) of glucose me ...
... Windows on the Brain MRI: (magnetic resonance imaging)—a 3D image best for looking at soft tissue like ligaments, tendons and brain tumors, spinal cord PROS: No radiation Much higher soft tissue detail than CT scan CONS: More expensive Takes at least 30 minutes fMRI: a 4D image (time) of glucose me ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... switching is not fully understood from the human data alone. The switching-associated reconfiguration of cognitive processes indicated by the psychological studies is probably composed of serial and parallel neuronal activity changes which occur within a short period before the decision to switch. H ...
... switching is not fully understood from the human data alone. The switching-associated reconfiguration of cognitive processes indicated by the psychological studies is probably composed of serial and parallel neuronal activity changes which occur within a short period before the decision to switch. H ...
Emo7onal decision‐making systems and their role in addic7on
... 4. The notions of pleasure and dopamine: The evidence that blockade of dopamine nerotransmission in the ncleus accumbens interfered with the motivation to seek rewards prompted Wise (1982) to propose the “anhedonia” hypothesis, that dopamine mediates the pleasure produced by food, sex, or drugs ...
... 4. The notions of pleasure and dopamine: The evidence that blockade of dopamine nerotransmission in the ncleus accumbens interfered with the motivation to seek rewards prompted Wise (1982) to propose the “anhedonia” hypothesis, that dopamine mediates the pleasure produced by food, sex, or drugs ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.