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... 5.You, as the caregiver, do ultimately affect a child’s neurological growth through activities and interactions with the child. ANS: T 6.The gestation period for a human being is actually not long enough because other species can walk soon after birth takes place. ANS: T 7.Newborns never sleep more ...
... 5.You, as the caregiver, do ultimately affect a child’s neurological growth through activities and interactions with the child. ANS: T 6.The gestation period for a human being is actually not long enough because other species can walk soon after birth takes place. ANS: T 7.Newborns never sleep more ...
THE CINGULATE CORTEX AND HUMAN MEMORY PROCESSES
... left retrosplenial area who lost his spatial orientation but could still solve tasks for spatial thinking. Recent studies of the involvement of different brain regions in cognitive processes use magnetic-resonance morphometric analysis. For example, some studies show that the size of the hippocampus ...
... left retrosplenial area who lost his spatial orientation but could still solve tasks for spatial thinking. Recent studies of the involvement of different brain regions in cognitive processes use magnetic-resonance morphometric analysis. For example, some studies show that the size of the hippocampus ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
Is neocortex essentially multisensory?
... auditory cortex in macaque monkeys [15,48–50]. Importantly, these studies have used a combination of singleunit, multi-unit and field potential measurements which might uncover instances of multisensory processes not discernable through an examination of either type of neuronal signal alone. The ini ...
... auditory cortex in macaque monkeys [15,48–50]. Importantly, these studies have used a combination of singleunit, multi-unit and field potential measurements which might uncover instances of multisensory processes not discernable through an examination of either type of neuronal signal alone. The ini ...
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... and emotionPermission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ...
... and emotionPermission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... function in seconds and show signs of structural damage after only 2 minutes2. As energy-dependent processes fail, neurons are unable to maintain their normal transmembrane ionic gradients, resulting in an ion and water imbalance that leads to apoptotic and necrotic cell death cascades1,3 and, ultim ...
... function in seconds and show signs of structural damage after only 2 minutes2. As energy-dependent processes fail, neurons are unable to maintain their normal transmembrane ionic gradients, resulting in an ion and water imbalance that leads to apoptotic and necrotic cell death cascades1,3 and, ultim ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... are genetically determined [45]. Furthermore, almost all nonhuman mammalian vocalizations belong to this type [19]. The other type of vocal behavior is characterized by vocal patterns learned by imitation or invention. Human speech is one example; human song as well as the songs of birds and whales ...
... are genetically determined [45]. Furthermore, almost all nonhuman mammalian vocalizations belong to this type [19]. The other type of vocal behavior is characterized by vocal patterns learned by imitation or invention. Human speech is one example; human song as well as the songs of birds and whales ...
The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing
... includes oculomotor areas and prefrontal areas contributing to visual memory, almost half of the cerebral cortex is involved with vision. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has made it possible to establish homologies between the visual areas of the macaque and human brains (Figure 25–7). ...
... includes oculomotor areas and prefrontal areas contributing to visual memory, almost half of the cerebral cortex is involved with vision. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has made it possible to establish homologies between the visual areas of the macaque and human brains (Figure 25–7). ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
and “Wanting” Linked to Reward Deficiency
... [8]. A bio-psycho-social model of etiology holds very well for addiction. According to Conner et al. [9], addiction appears to correlate with a hypodopaminergic dysfunctional state within the reward circuitry of the brain, producing an addiction-prone personality. Neuroimaging studies in humans add ...
... [8]. A bio-psycho-social model of etiology holds very well for addiction. According to Conner et al. [9], addiction appears to correlate with a hypodopaminergic dysfunctional state within the reward circuitry of the brain, producing an addiction-prone personality. Neuroimaging studies in humans add ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... humans, tool use involves a distributed network of interconnected frontal, parietal, and occipitotemporal regions (Johnson-Frey, 2004; Ramayya et al., 2010; Rilling and Stout, 2014). This network overlaps with an evolutionarily ancient fronto-parietal network for objectdirected grasping (Rizzolatti ...
... humans, tool use involves a distributed network of interconnected frontal, parietal, and occipitotemporal regions (Johnson-Frey, 2004; Ramayya et al., 2010; Rilling and Stout, 2014). This network overlaps with an evolutionarily ancient fronto-parietal network for objectdirected grasping (Rizzolatti ...
Brain regions associated with moment-to
... to feedback that occur quickly on relatively short timescales. This contrasts with idea that lateral prefrontal cortex, and dorsal regions in particular, support the active maintenance of task-relevant information (Miller and Cohen, 2001), such as attention-guiding rules (MacDonald et al., 2000) by ...
... to feedback that occur quickly on relatively short timescales. This contrasts with idea that lateral prefrontal cortex, and dorsal regions in particular, support the active maintenance of task-relevant information (Miller and Cohen, 2001), such as attention-guiding rules (MacDonald et al., 2000) by ...
Intracellular and computational evidence for a
... recurrent connectivity in cortex, such low-level spontaneous activity can still be associated with highly active subthreshold membrane potential dynamics, as indeed found intracellularly in awake animals [5]. Previous computational approaches have modeled the interaction between spontaneous activity ...
... recurrent connectivity in cortex, such low-level spontaneous activity can still be associated with highly active subthreshold membrane potential dynamics, as indeed found intracellularly in awake animals [5]. Previous computational approaches have modeled the interaction between spontaneous activity ...
Region-specific alterations of A-to-I RNA editing of
... epigenetic modifications in suicides regardless of the underlying disease.24–27 In the current study, we take advantage of a novel technology, validated in the mouse brain,28 to examine the complete editing profile of 5-HT2CR mRNA in two architectonically distinct neocortical regions in non-psychiatri ...
... epigenetic modifications in suicides regardless of the underlying disease.24–27 In the current study, we take advantage of a novel technology, validated in the mouse brain,28 to examine the complete editing profile of 5-HT2CR mRNA in two architectonically distinct neocortical regions in non-psychiatri ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... MEG community generally looks at the properties of the magnetic field outside the head and infers the sources and the temporal dynamics of these sources in the brain (Salmelin and Baillet, 2009; Williamson et al., 1991). It has been recognized for a long time that the EEG can be analyzed in the same ...
... MEG community generally looks at the properties of the magnetic field outside the head and infers the sources and the temporal dynamics of these sources in the brain (Salmelin and Baillet, 2009; Williamson et al., 1991). It has been recognized for a long time that the EEG can be analyzed in the same ...
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical
... that action understanding takes place in the ventral part of the dorsal stream (Rizzolatti and Matelli 2003), others claim that actions are fully recognized and categorized outside the motor system, in the ventral stream (Mahon and Caramazza 2008). In order to further investigate the relative contri ...
... that action understanding takes place in the ventral part of the dorsal stream (Rizzolatti and Matelli 2003), others claim that actions are fully recognized and categorized outside the motor system, in the ventral stream (Mahon and Caramazza 2008). In order to further investigate the relative contri ...
Chapter 5 - Wake Forest University
... • When an excitatory amino acid is injected through a cannula (a small metal tube) into a region of the brain, the chemical destroys neural cell bodies in the vicinity but spares axons that belong to different neurons that happen to pass nearby. • This selectivity permits the investigator to determi ...
... • When an excitatory amino acid is injected through a cannula (a small metal tube) into a region of the brain, the chemical destroys neural cell bodies in the vicinity but spares axons that belong to different neurons that happen to pass nearby. • This selectivity permits the investigator to determi ...
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... how to reorganize cortical circuits to optimize the representation of these sounds. The information about what speciWc changes to make is likely present in the pattern of stimulus evoked activity. Synaptic plasticity mechanisms, which are highly sensitive to the timing of sensory inputs (Dan and Poo ...
... how to reorganize cortical circuits to optimize the representation of these sounds. The information about what speciWc changes to make is likely present in the pattern of stimulus evoked activity. Synaptic plasticity mechanisms, which are highly sensitive to the timing of sensory inputs (Dan and Poo ...
Modulation of Synaptic Transmission to Second
... The caudal nucleus tractus solitarius (cNTS), where peripheral chemoreceptor afferents and other visceral afferents make their first central synapses (Mifflin, 1992), has intense anatomical connections with central noradrenergic neural structures (Loewy, 1990). The cNTS also contains noradrenergic n ...
... The caudal nucleus tractus solitarius (cNTS), where peripheral chemoreceptor afferents and other visceral afferents make their first central synapses (Mifflin, 1992), has intense anatomical connections with central noradrenergic neural structures (Loewy, 1990). The cNTS also contains noradrenergic n ...
Document
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
Modulation of Cortical Activation and Behavioral Arousal by
... slow wave sleep (SWS) by slow delta EEG and low tone on the EMG; and paradoxical sleep (PS) by fast gamma EEG and atonia on the EMG. Neurons that are active during waking (red symbols) include cells with ascending projections toward the cortex, which stimulate fast cortical activity, and cells with ...
... slow wave sleep (SWS) by slow delta EEG and low tone on the EMG; and paradoxical sleep (PS) by fast gamma EEG and atonia on the EMG. Neurons that are active during waking (red symbols) include cells with ascending projections toward the cortex, which stimulate fast cortical activity, and cells with ...
Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat during postnatal
... Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat all ages, the morphological characteristics of MAP2-positive cells were very variable; some cells exhibited short and poorly rami®ed processes, while others had well developed ones (Fig. 2C±E). Different morphological types were observed, pyramidal-like neu ...
... Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat all ages, the morphological characteristics of MAP2-positive cells were very variable; some cells exhibited short and poorly rami®ed processes, while others had well developed ones (Fig. 2C±E). Different morphological types were observed, pyramidal-like neu ...
The dual-pathway model of auditory signal
... distributed reciprocal extrinsic connections with rostral superior temporal gyrus (STG), insula, inferior parietal lobe (IPL), lateral prefrontal cortices, lateral amygdaloid nucleus, and subcortical structures including dorsal and medial divisions of the medial geniculate complex, putamen, inferior ...
... distributed reciprocal extrinsic connections with rostral superior temporal gyrus (STG), insula, inferior parietal lobe (IPL), lateral prefrontal cortices, lateral amygdaloid nucleus, and subcortical structures including dorsal and medial divisions of the medial geniculate complex, putamen, inferior ...
Somatotopic mapping of natural upper- and lower
... procedure. These synchronized ECoG-EMG data were utilized to validate our video-based approach to identification of extremity movements (see below). A post-implantation T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid-acquisition gradient-echo (MPRAGE) data set for every subject was acquired at an isotropic ...
... procedure. These synchronized ECoG-EMG data were utilized to validate our video-based approach to identification of extremity movements (see below). A post-implantation T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid-acquisition gradient-echo (MPRAGE) data set for every subject was acquired at an isotropic ...
characterisation of dopamine neurons of the murine ventral
... our projects. I sincerely hope we stay in touch. I would also like to acknowledge all the wonderful members of the Pharmacology department, for the welcoming environment and for the opportunity to observe the ongoing experiments, especially the skilful and resourceful technicians Heidi Pehkonen and ...
... our projects. I sincerely hope we stay in touch. I would also like to acknowledge all the wonderful members of the Pharmacology department, for the welcoming environment and for the opportunity to observe the ongoing experiments, especially the skilful and resourceful technicians Heidi Pehkonen and ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.