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Human brainstem preganglionic parasympathetic
... obex, only a few large NOS-positive neurons were found medial to the nucleus tractus solitarius (Fig. 1H). Most medium-sized NOS-positive neurons had spindleshaped or ovoid perikarya with two prominent dendrites emanating from the long ends of the cell body (Fig. 2A-D, G and H). Those NOS-positive n ...
... obex, only a few large NOS-positive neurons were found medial to the nucleus tractus solitarius (Fig. 1H). Most medium-sized NOS-positive neurons had spindleshaped or ovoid perikarya with two prominent dendrites emanating from the long ends of the cell body (Fig. 2A-D, G and H). Those NOS-positive n ...
Preview Sample 1
... Learning goals: structures of the brain and their functions 45. Dr. Becker is interested in identifying the pathways of connectivity in the brain and nervous system. Which of the following techniques will Dr. Becker most likely use in his research? A. Brain lesioning B. Staining C. Positron emission ...
... Learning goals: structures of the brain and their functions 45. Dr. Becker is interested in identifying the pathways of connectivity in the brain and nervous system. Which of the following techniques will Dr. Becker most likely use in his research? A. Brain lesioning B. Staining C. Positron emission ...
Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavioral responses
... estimate how far from the electrode tip current activates neural tissue mediating behaviors such as eating (Olds, 1958), self-stimulation (Wise, 1972; Fouriezos and Wise, 1984; Milner and Laferriere, 1986), and circling behavior (Yeomans et al., 1984, 1986). The method used by Fouriezos and Wise (19 ...
... estimate how far from the electrode tip current activates neural tissue mediating behaviors such as eating (Olds, 1958), self-stimulation (Wise, 1972; Fouriezos and Wise, 1984; Milner and Laferriere, 1986), and circling behavior (Yeomans et al., 1984, 1986). The method used by Fouriezos and Wise (19 ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... demonstrated the ability to directly modulate and enhance specific patterns of synchrony of many neurons in somewhat broad ranges, which may be related to several motor functions of the brain. On the other hand, it is desirable to directly demonstrate operant enhancement of firing synchrony among i ...
... demonstrated the ability to directly modulate and enhance specific patterns of synchrony of many neurons in somewhat broad ranges, which may be related to several motor functions of the brain. On the other hand, it is desirable to directly demonstrate operant enhancement of firing synchrony among i ...
PDF
... 2.3.2. Cell distribution and size We photographed the series of 75 mm sections spanning the rostral / caudal extent of temporal cortex on the same day the sections were mounted and coverslipped. Several pictures (103 objective) were taken of each hemisphere that collectively circumscribed the cortic ...
... 2.3.2. Cell distribution and size We photographed the series of 75 mm sections spanning the rostral / caudal extent of temporal cortex on the same day the sections were mounted and coverslipped. Several pictures (103 objective) were taken of each hemisphere that collectively circumscribed the cortic ...
Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... lation. There is, however, another way to accelerate the central limit effect, and this is to have a noise component that is negatively-correlated. It can be seen in figure 1 that negatively-correlated noise cancels out much more quickly and effectively than independent noise, because corresponding ...
... lation. There is, however, another way to accelerate the central limit effect, and this is to have a noise component that is negatively-correlated. It can be seen in figure 1 that negatively-correlated noise cancels out much more quickly and effectively than independent noise, because corresponding ...
Anatomical organization of the central olfactory
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B
... electrophysiology. The first is the occurrence of timevarying responses. As both models are based on firing rate averages across 3–5 s, neither takes into account information in the spike trains, such as adaptation, bursting, or poststimulus response dynamics. In addition, neither theory allows for ...
... electrophysiology. The first is the occurrence of timevarying responses. As both models are based on firing rate averages across 3–5 s, neither takes into account information in the spike trains, such as adaptation, bursting, or poststimulus response dynamics. In addition, neither theory allows for ...
Medical Image Segmentation Using Artificial Neural Networks
... analysis applications developed for medical diagnosis. Development of treatment plans and evaluation of disease progression are other applications. These applications stem from the fact that diseases affect specific tissues or structures, lead to loss, atrophy (volume loss), and abnormalities. Conse ...
... analysis applications developed for medical diagnosis. Development of treatment plans and evaluation of disease progression are other applications. These applications stem from the fact that diseases affect specific tissues or structures, lead to loss, atrophy (volume loss), and abnormalities. Conse ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
Emergence of new signal-primitives in neural systems
... Emergence is the process by which new structures and functions come into being. There are two fundamental, but complementary, conceptions of emergence: combinatoric emergence, wherein novelty arises by new combinations of pre-existing elements, and creative emergence, wherein novelty arises by de no ...
... Emergence is the process by which new structures and functions come into being. There are two fundamental, but complementary, conceptions of emergence: combinatoric emergence, wherein novelty arises by new combinations of pre-existing elements, and creative emergence, wherein novelty arises by de no ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
Seeing faces and objects with the “mind`s eye”
... and top-down mechanisms originating in prefrontal cortex during imagery. Additionally, non-selective, top-down processes, originating in superior parietal areas, contribute to the generation of mental images and their maintenance in the “mind’s eye” (Mechelli et al., 2004). Our findings propose a ne ...
... and top-down mechanisms originating in prefrontal cortex during imagery. Additionally, non-selective, top-down processes, originating in superior parietal areas, contribute to the generation of mental images and their maintenance in the “mind’s eye” (Mechelli et al., 2004). Our findings propose a ne ...
Neuronal Migration and Ventral Subtype Identity in the
... Little is known about the molecular mechanisms and intrinsic factors that are responsible for the emergence of neuronal subtype identity. Several transcription factors that are expressed mainly in precursors of the ventral telencephalon have been shown to control neuronal specification, but it has b ...
... Little is known about the molecular mechanisms and intrinsic factors that are responsible for the emergence of neuronal subtype identity. Several transcription factors that are expressed mainly in precursors of the ventral telencephalon have been shown to control neuronal specification, but it has b ...
avian brain nomenclature forum
... caudal and lateroventral part of the telencephalon, showing a topological position and developmental origin identical to that of the amygdala (Striedter, 1997; Puelles et al., 2000); note that this is the first and most important condition for homology; (2) Like the mammalian amygdala, the avian arc ...
... caudal and lateroventral part of the telencephalon, showing a topological position and developmental origin identical to that of the amygdala (Striedter, 1997; Puelles et al., 2000); note that this is the first and most important condition for homology; (2) Like the mammalian amygdala, the avian arc ...
Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... the anatomical data from retinal and cerebellar neurons whose morphology and connectivity are known. The rule may be used to infer connectivity of neurons from their morphology. ...
... the anatomical data from retinal and cerebellar neurons whose morphology and connectivity are known. The rule may be used to infer connectivity of neurons from their morphology. ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... response.Fit, direct thalamic input can determine the size of the initial activating RF at high contrast. Second lateral connections can enlarge the RF at low contrast by pooling information from larger regions of cortex that are otherwise ineft%ctive when high contrast thalamic inpnt is driving the ...
... response.Fit, direct thalamic input can determine the size of the initial activating RF at high contrast. Second lateral connections can enlarge the RF at low contrast by pooling information from larger regions of cortex that are otherwise ineft%ctive when high contrast thalamic inpnt is driving the ...
Dopamine Neurons Mediate a Fast Excitatory Signal
... sites 3 and 2 were intermediate at 26 ⫾ 3 and 9.5 ⫾ 2.5%, respectively (Fig. 1 F). Bath application of the DAT inhibitor nomifensine (10 M, 10 min) dramatically increased the signal (Fig. 1 D,E), showing further that the recorded signal was mainly DA, and that substantial DAT function remained. The ...
... sites 3 and 2 were intermediate at 26 ⫾ 3 and 9.5 ⫾ 2.5%, respectively (Fig. 1 F). Bath application of the DAT inhibitor nomifensine (10 M, 10 min) dramatically increased the signal (Fig. 1 D,E), showing further that the recorded signal was mainly DA, and that substantial DAT function remained. The ...
Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
... of 4C. At further distances from the injection site, the labeled band in 4B typically narrows and remains within the athalamic zone of 4B proper (see Fig. IB). The wide HRP band is prominent only when layer 4B itself is involved in the injection. Otherwise, if the injection is restricted to layers 1 ...
... of 4C. At further distances from the injection site, the labeled band in 4B typically narrows and remains within the athalamic zone of 4B proper (see Fig. IB). The wide HRP band is prominent only when layer 4B itself is involved in the injection. Otherwise, if the injection is restricted to layers 1 ...
PARK9-Associated ATP13A2 Localizes to Intracellular
... ATP13A2 protein levels are increased in human PD/DLB brains To explore the expression of ATP13A2 in the human brain, we conducted Western blot analysis with our LMNR1 antibody on detergent-soluble extracts derived from the striatum and cerebral cortex (medial frontal gyrus) of human brains from norm ...
... ATP13A2 protein levels are increased in human PD/DLB brains To explore the expression of ATP13A2 in the human brain, we conducted Western blot analysis with our LMNR1 antibody on detergent-soluble extracts derived from the striatum and cerebral cortex (medial frontal gyrus) of human brains from norm ...
Physiological Psychology - II Sem
... neurotransmitter molecules, which bind to chemical receptor molecules located in the membrane of the target cell. Most neurons send signals via their axons, although some types are capable of dendrite-to-dendrite communication. (In fact, the types of neurons called amacrine cells have no axons, and ...
... neurotransmitter molecules, which bind to chemical receptor molecules located in the membrane of the target cell. Most neurons send signals via their axons, although some types are capable of dendrite-to-dendrite communication. (In fact, the types of neurons called amacrine cells have no axons, and ...
Neurochemical excitation of propriospinal neurons facilitates
... blocking propriospinal transmission only if it blocked brain stemevoked locomotor-like activity at all stimulation strengths. For experiments involving neurochemical excitation of thoracic propriospinal neurons in an effort to facilitate brain stem-evoked locomotor activity, we first established tha ...
... blocking propriospinal transmission only if it blocked brain stemevoked locomotor-like activity at all stimulation strengths. For experiments involving neurochemical excitation of thoracic propriospinal neurons in an effort to facilitate brain stem-evoked locomotor activity, we first established tha ...
Mapping of second order olfactory neurons and ventral
... system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular the olfactory pathways. Due to their highly specialized ability of detecting air-born molecules over long distances, plus an accessible nervous system, noctuid moths have serve ...
... system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular the olfactory pathways. Due to their highly specialized ability of detecting air-born molecules over long distances, plus an accessible nervous system, noctuid moths have serve ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... Other evidence indicates that gradients of gene expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolatera ...
... Other evidence indicates that gradients of gene expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolatera ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... Other evidence indicates that gradients of gene expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolatera ...
... Other evidence indicates that gradients of gene expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolatera ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.