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the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... There are two classes of visuomotor neurons in monkey area F5: canonical neurons, which respond to the presentation of an object, and mirror neurons, which respond when the monkey sees object-directed action (Rizzolatti & Luppino 2001). In order to be triggered by visual stimuli, mirror neurons requ ...
... There are two classes of visuomotor neurons in monkey area F5: canonical neurons, which respond to the presentation of an object, and mirror neurons, which respond when the monkey sees object-directed action (Rizzolatti & Luppino 2001). In order to be triggered by visual stimuli, mirror neurons requ ...
Organization of the Macaque Extrastriate Visual Cortex Re
... function. J Neurophysiol 105: 305–320, 2011. First published November 10, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.00795.2010. How is the macaque monkey extrastriate cortex organized? Is vision divisible into separate tasks, such as object recognition and spatial processing, each emphasized in a different anatomical st ...
... function. J Neurophysiol 105: 305–320, 2011. First published November 10, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.00795.2010. How is the macaque monkey extrastriate cortex organized? Is vision divisible into separate tasks, such as object recognition and spatial processing, each emphasized in a different anatomical st ...
The effect of word imagery on priming effect under a preconscious
... 2012; Vistoli et al., 2011]. Previous studies reported that abnormalities in the semantic network were found in patients with schizophrenia, but not in controls [Jeong and Kubicki, 2010; Jeong et al., 2009]. Research into the semantic priming effect, focusing on the associative relationship between ...
... 2012; Vistoli et al., 2011]. Previous studies reported that abnormalities in the semantic network were found in patients with schizophrenia, but not in controls [Jeong and Kubicki, 2010; Jeong et al., 2009]. Research into the semantic priming effect, focusing on the associative relationship between ...
the mirror-neuron system - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... There are two classes of visuomotor neurons in monkey area F5: canonical neurons, which respond to the presentation of an object, and mirror neurons, which respond when the monkey sees object-directed action (Rizzolatti & Luppino 2001). In order to be triggered by visual stimuli, mirror neurons requ ...
... There are two classes of visuomotor neurons in monkey area F5: canonical neurons, which respond to the presentation of an object, and mirror neurons, which respond when the monkey sees object-directed action (Rizzolatti & Luppino 2001). In order to be triggered by visual stimuli, mirror neurons requ ...
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
... In the study of these brainstem responses after a perinatal asphyxia, some authors found abnormalities in their ABR comparing to healthy infants. These differences included: elevated response threshold, increase in the wave latencies, brainstem´s conduction time, and interpeak intervals, a reduction ...
... In the study of these brainstem responses after a perinatal asphyxia, some authors found abnormalities in their ABR comparing to healthy infants. These differences included: elevated response threshold, increase in the wave latencies, brainstem´s conduction time, and interpeak intervals, a reduction ...
Temporal Profiles of Axon Terminals, Synapses and Spines in the
... protein injection showed beading of dendrites in the CA-1 of the hippocampus after temporary ischemia.14 Also an EM study on the CA-1 showed degeneration and shrinkage of dendrite around 3 to 4 days after temporary ischemia.15–17 In the present study, we found that the neurites degenerated around 4 ...
... protein injection showed beading of dendrites in the CA-1 of the hippocampus after temporary ischemia.14 Also an EM study on the CA-1 showed degeneration and shrinkage of dendrite around 3 to 4 days after temporary ischemia.15–17 In the present study, we found that the neurites degenerated around 4 ...
Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in?
... Among terrestrial mammals, elephants share the unique status, along with humans and great apes, of having large brains, being longlived and having offspring that require long periods of dependency. Elephants have the largest brains of all terrestrial mammals, including the greatest volume of cerebra ...
... Among terrestrial mammals, elephants share the unique status, along with humans and great apes, of having large brains, being longlived and having offspring that require long periods of dependency. Elephants have the largest brains of all terrestrial mammals, including the greatest volume of cerebra ...
Distribution and characterisation of Glucagon-like peptide
... Objective: Although Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a key regulator of energy metabolism and food intake, the precise location of GLP-1 receptors and the physiological relevance of certain populations is debatable. This study investigated the novel GLP-1R-Cre mouse as a functional tool to address this qu ...
... Objective: Although Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a key regulator of energy metabolism and food intake, the precise location of GLP-1 receptors and the physiological relevance of certain populations is debatable. This study investigated the novel GLP-1R-Cre mouse as a functional tool to address this qu ...
What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal
... anatomical5,10 studies suggest that primary olfactory cortex (including piriform cortex, olfactory tubercle, and cortical amygdaloid nuclei) projects most densely to posterior orbital cortex in areas Iam, Iapm, and 13a, corresponding to the rodent areas AIv, AIp, and VLO, respectively. Research by T ...
... anatomical5,10 studies suggest that primary olfactory cortex (including piriform cortex, olfactory tubercle, and cortical amygdaloid nuclei) projects most densely to posterior orbital cortex in areas Iam, Iapm, and 13a, corresponding to the rodent areas AIv, AIp, and VLO, respectively. Research by T ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building representations. ...
... Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building representations. ...
final scientific program
... learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recordings in behaving animals over the past forty years have revealed considerable information about what the firing patterns of single neurons encode in isolation, but it remains largely a myst ...
... learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recordings in behaving animals over the past forty years have revealed considerable information about what the firing patterns of single neurons encode in isolation, but it remains largely a myst ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... (antero interpatietal area) (see Figure 1). However, there is no detailed information available about the properties of these neurons in terms of their view-dependence properties. PFG and AIP receive input from various areas located in the superior temporal sulcus region. In this region neurons with ...
... (antero interpatietal area) (see Figure 1). However, there is no detailed information available about the properties of these neurons in terms of their view-dependence properties. PFG and AIP receive input from various areas located in the superior temporal sulcus region. In this region neurons with ...
H1 - Brian Whitworth
... picture which it alone saw). The LH, which controls speech, didn’t see the snow picture, and is disconnected from the RH, so it had no idea why the shovel was chosen, so it formed the best available hypothesis • In general “it does not compute” is not an option for human ...
... picture which it alone saw). The LH, which controls speech, didn’t see the snow picture, and is disconnected from the RH, so it had no idea why the shovel was chosen, so it formed the best available hypothesis • In general “it does not compute” is not an option for human ...
Nerve activates contraction
... recovery. Axonal sprouts may grow into surrounding areas and form a mass called a neuroma. Surgical realignment can help. Retraining may be necessary once the connection is ...
... recovery. Axonal sprouts may grow into surrounding areas and form a mass called a neuroma. Surgical realignment can help. Retraining may be necessary once the connection is ...
Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia
... others, by striatal neurons (medium spiny neurons) (ibid.). The axons of glutaminergic neurons from the cerebral cortex reach the medium spiny neurons (cortico-striatal pathway) (ibid.). The axons of striatal medium spiny neurons release gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibiting activity of the glob ...
... others, by striatal neurons (medium spiny neurons) (ibid.). The axons of glutaminergic neurons from the cerebral cortex reach the medium spiny neurons (cortico-striatal pathway) (ibid.). The axons of striatal medium spiny neurons release gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibiting activity of the glob ...
The Molecular and Neuroanatomical Basis for Estrogen Effects in
... which estrogens can interact with signaling pathways involving cell surface receptors and thereby participate in cellular events also regulated by growth factors and neurotransmitters. These processes (summarized in Table 1 and Fig. 1) are often interrelated at the level of intracellular signaling, ...
... which estrogens can interact with signaling pathways involving cell surface receptors and thereby participate in cellular events also regulated by growth factors and neurotransmitters. These processes (summarized in Table 1 and Fig. 1) are often interrelated at the level of intracellular signaling, ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
The Cl Area of the Brainstem in Tonic and Reflex
... and, hence, establishing normal resting levels of arterial pressure (AP). While it has been recognized for over 100 years that the medulla oblongata is essential for such control — since removal of the brain above the medulla has no effect on resting AP but transection at the spinomedullary junction ...
... and, hence, establishing normal resting levels of arterial pressure (AP). While it has been recognized for over 100 years that the medulla oblongata is essential for such control — since removal of the brain above the medulla has no effect on resting AP but transection at the spinomedullary junction ...
Gene expression in the rat brain: High similarity but unique
... later stages [9,10]. Cortical “regions” with unclear borders and/or immature laminar structures are not converted to area-specific cytoarchitectures with sharp limits until the post-natal stages [5]. Several studies have identified specific genes with differential expression across cortical areas th ...
... later stages [9,10]. Cortical “regions” with unclear borders and/or immature laminar structures are not converted to area-specific cytoarchitectures with sharp limits until the post-natal stages [5]. Several studies have identified specific genes with differential expression across cortical areas th ...
Visual areas and spatial summation in human visual cortex
... Functional MRI measurements can securely partition the human posterior occipital lobe into retinotopically organized visual areas (V1, V2 and V3) with experiments that last only 30 min. Methods for identifying functional areas in the dorsal and ventral aspect of the human occipital cortex, however, ...
... Functional MRI measurements can securely partition the human posterior occipital lobe into retinotopically organized visual areas (V1, V2 and V3) with experiments that last only 30 min. Methods for identifying functional areas in the dorsal and ventral aspect of the human occipital cortex, however, ...
Topical Review
... ephrin A5 and MAG.41,49 These molecules are induced directly in regions in which growth cone proteins, such as GAP43, CAP23, MARCKS and SPRR1 are upregulated, and in a pattern of overlap with these molecules in peri-infarct cortex.41 EphrinA5 and MAG are of further interest in the biology of poststr ...
... ephrin A5 and MAG.41,49 These molecules are induced directly in regions in which growth cone proteins, such as GAP43, CAP23, MARCKS and SPRR1 are upregulated, and in a pattern of overlap with these molecules in peri-infarct cortex.41 EphrinA5 and MAG are of further interest in the biology of poststr ...
Target neuron prespecification in the olfactory map of Drosophila
... olfactory information. This prespeci®cation could be used to hardwire the ¯y's olfactory system, enabling stereotyped behavioural responses to odorants. Developmental studies lead us to hypothesize that recognition molecules ensure reciprocally speci®c connections of ORNs and projection neurons. The ...
... olfactory information. This prespeci®cation could be used to hardwire the ¯y's olfactory system, enabling stereotyped behavioural responses to odorants. Developmental studies lead us to hypothesize that recognition molecules ensure reciprocally speci®c connections of ORNs and projection neurons. The ...
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating
... Further evidence preceding the 1949 paper of Magoun and Moruzzi included the discovery by Magoun, Lindsey, and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more profound EEG sleep changes than did the cerveau isol~ preparation, in which optic and olfactory pathways could still provide affer ...
... Further evidence preceding the 1949 paper of Magoun and Moruzzi included the discovery by Magoun, Lindsey, and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more profound EEG sleep changes than did the cerveau isol~ preparation, in which optic and olfactory pathways could still provide affer ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.