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Sympathetic nervous system and inflammation: A conceptual view
... [pelvic organs], regulation of energy balance and nutrition [including the gastrointestinal tract], regulation of circadian timing of body functions, regulation of body protection [including the immune defense]). We have some knowledge about the central circuits involved in cardiovascular regulation ...
... [pelvic organs], regulation of energy balance and nutrition [including the gastrointestinal tract], regulation of circadian timing of body functions, regulation of body protection [including the immune defense]). We have some knowledge about the central circuits involved in cardiovascular regulation ...
The habenular nuclei - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... The dorsal diencephalon, or epithalamus, contains the bilaterally paired habenular nuclei and the pineal complex. The habenulae form part of the dorsal diencephalic conduction (DDC) system, a highly conserved pathway found in all vertebrates. In this review, we shall describe the neuroanatomy of the ...
... The dorsal diencephalon, or epithalamus, contains the bilaterally paired habenular nuclei and the pineal complex. The habenulae form part of the dorsal diencephalic conduction (DDC) system, a highly conserved pathway found in all vertebrates. In this review, we shall describe the neuroanatomy of the ...
5655.full - Journal of Neuroscience
... subtracted from the accuracy value stored in each voxel to yield deviations from chance. This yielded individual accuracy maps that were subsequently spatially normalized to the MNI space. A random-effects whole-brain group analysis was performed on the single-subject accuracy maps to identify commo ...
... subtracted from the accuracy value stored in each voxel to yield deviations from chance. This yielded individual accuracy maps that were subsequently spatially normalized to the MNI space. A random-effects whole-brain group analysis was performed on the single-subject accuracy maps to identify commo ...
NMDA receptor blockade causes selective prefrontal
... Figure 1. Ketamine causes a reduction in the mismatch negativity (A) Evoked response potentials (ERPs) are shown for repetitions of a sound within a roving oddball paradigm. The first exposure to a sound within a sequence, D1, provokes a typical deviance response at the Fz electrode. ERPs for three ...
... Figure 1. Ketamine causes a reduction in the mismatch negativity (A) Evoked response potentials (ERPs) are shown for repetitions of a sound within a roving oddball paradigm. The first exposure to a sound within a sequence, D1, provokes a typical deviance response at the Fz electrode. ERPs for three ...
Increased prefrontal activity and reduced motor cortex
... Only a few studies have attempted to address the neural control of concentric vs. eccentric contractions. In a series of studies, using imaging methods based on electroencephalogram (EEG), Fang and colleagues (Fang et al., 2001, 2004) showed that eccentric muscle contractions have an earlier onset t ...
... Only a few studies have attempted to address the neural control of concentric vs. eccentric contractions. In a series of studies, using imaging methods based on electroencephalogram (EEG), Fang and colleagues (Fang et al., 2001, 2004) showed that eccentric muscle contractions have an earlier onset t ...
Descending Systems Translate Transient Cortical Commands into a
... Controlling motor actions requires online adjustments of timevarying parameters. Although numerous studies have attempted to identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly u ...
... Controlling motor actions requires online adjustments of timevarying parameters. Although numerous studies have attempted to identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly u ...
Luczak, 2015 - University of Lethbridge
... of activity could constitute a basic building block of the cortical code. We first focus on the onset of neuronal responses to sensory stimuli and review evidence that cortical activity is composed of coherent and structured packets of population activity lasting a few hundred milliseconds. Next, we ...
... of activity could constitute a basic building block of the cortical code. We first focus on the onset of neuronal responses to sensory stimuli and review evidence that cortical activity is composed of coherent and structured packets of population activity lasting a few hundred milliseconds. Next, we ...
Column-Based Model of Electric Field Excitation of Cerebral Cortex
... A straightforward means to test this alternative hypothesis regarding the orientation selectivity reported by Mills et al. [1992] and Brasil-Neto et al. [1992] is to use functional and anatomic neuroimaging in combination with TMS to observe the cortical location (sulcal versus gyral) of TMSinduced ...
... A straightforward means to test this alternative hypothesis regarding the orientation selectivity reported by Mills et al. [1992] and Brasil-Neto et al. [1992] is to use functional and anatomic neuroimaging in combination with TMS to observe the cortical location (sulcal versus gyral) of TMSinduced ...
Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour
... synchronization of assemblies of projection neurons and that this synchronization is also selectively abolished by picrotoxin, an antagonist of the GABAA (g-aminobutyric acid) receptor. By using a behavioural learning paradigm, we show that picrotoxininduced desynchronization impairs the discriminat ...
... synchronization of assemblies of projection neurons and that this synchronization is also selectively abolished by picrotoxin, an antagonist of the GABAA (g-aminobutyric acid) receptor. By using a behavioural learning paradigm, we show that picrotoxininduced desynchronization impairs the discriminat ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
... dealing with action generation, simulation, and observation led the authors to postulate other possible alternatives for the location of the human homologue of the monkey area F5, in particular the ventral premotor cortex. A PET experiment was conducted by our group in order to identify the hemodyna ...
... dealing with action generation, simulation, and observation led the authors to postulate other possible alternatives for the location of the human homologue of the monkey area F5, in particular the ventral premotor cortex. A PET experiment was conducted by our group in order to identify the hemodyna ...
Constraints on Somatotopic Organization in the Primary Motor Cortex
... motor simiusculi (their Fig. 131), Woolsey and colleagues wrote, “It must be emphasized . . . that this diagram is an inadequate representation of the localization pattern, since in a line drawing one cannot indicate the successive overlap which is so characteristic a feature of cortical representat ...
... motor simiusculi (their Fig. 131), Woolsey and colleagues wrote, “It must be emphasized . . . that this diagram is an inadequate representation of the localization pattern, since in a line drawing one cannot indicate the successive overlap which is so characteristic a feature of cortical representat ...
10_VBM
... * Correcting for TIV in VBM statistics may give more powerful and/or more interpretable results * See e.g. Barnes et al., (2010), NeuroImage 53(4):1244-55 ...
... * Correcting for TIV in VBM statistics may give more powerful and/or more interpretable results * See e.g. Barnes et al., (2010), NeuroImage 53(4):1244-55 ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... hierarchical models, adaptive coding models do not predict spatially separated regions of activation for processes at different levels of the hierarchy. This can be tested with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also sought to extend the models to the context of voluntary behavior. Bot ...
... hierarchical models, adaptive coding models do not predict spatially separated regions of activation for processes at different levels of the hierarchy. This can be tested with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also sought to extend the models to the context of voluntary behavior. Bot ...
midbrain Brain stem
... Figure 12.12 Inferior view of the brain, showing the three parts of the brain stem: midbrain, pons, and medulla ...
... Figure 12.12 Inferior view of the brain, showing the three parts of the brain stem: midbrain, pons, and medulla ...
Technology Insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology
... whereas an enlargement of the primary motor cortex area for the hand, as defined by TMS,39,40 correlates with better motor outcome. Studies in animals41 and humans42 have described a shift in sensorimotor cortex activation from bilateral to stroke-affected hemisphere in association with poststroke r ...
... whereas an enlargement of the primary motor cortex area for the hand, as defined by TMS,39,40 correlates with better motor outcome. Studies in animals41 and humans42 have described a shift in sensorimotor cortex activation from bilateral to stroke-affected hemisphere in association with poststroke r ...
Histamine reduces firing and bursting of anterior and intralaminar
... thalamic nuclear groups studied. In the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, slow depolarization induced by histamine and associated with a decrease in a potassium current could be blocked by H1 receptor antagonists [21]. A further activating component associated with an increase in membrane ...
... thalamic nuclear groups studied. In the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, slow depolarization induced by histamine and associated with a decrease in a potassium current could be blocked by H1 receptor antagonists [21]. A further activating component associated with an increase in membrane ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... The magnitude of LTP that can be induced at thalamocortical and intracortical synapses in V1 can be influenced by various neuromodulators. For example, in vitro studies suggest that serotonin lowers the amount of NMDA-dependent LTP that can be obtained in slices of V1 (Edagawa et al., 2001; Kim et a ...
... The magnitude of LTP that can be induced at thalamocortical and intracortical synapses in V1 can be influenced by various neuromodulators. For example, in vitro studies suggest that serotonin lowers the amount of NMDA-dependent LTP that can be obtained in slices of V1 (Edagawa et al., 2001; Kim et a ...
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and the cognitive map
... of strong bi-directional connections between place cells that are required by cognitive map theory (Skaggs et al., 1996; Song and Abbott, 2001; Wagatsuma and Yamaguchi, 2007; but see Mongillo et al., 2005; Samura and Hattori, 2005). Computational modeling has also demonstrated that STDP can provide ...
... of strong bi-directional connections between place cells that are required by cognitive map theory (Skaggs et al., 1996; Song and Abbott, 2001; Wagatsuma and Yamaguchi, 2007; but see Mongillo et al., 2005; Samura and Hattori, 2005). Computational modeling has also demonstrated that STDP can provide ...
Berridge, K.C.Brain reward systems for food incentives and
... reward functions would persist largely normally, and may even serve as aids to eventually help spontaneously normalize eating behavior even without treatment. The answer to which of these alternative possibilities is best may well vary from case to case. Different eating disorders may require differ ...
... reward functions would persist largely normally, and may even serve as aids to eventually help spontaneously normalize eating behavior even without treatment. The answer to which of these alternative possibilities is best may well vary from case to case. Different eating disorders may require differ ...
Cortical and subcortical afferents to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti
... agents into the cortex (i.e. cortico-centric studies) and cerebellocentric studies where lesions or anatomic tracers were placed within regions of cerebellum. The possibility that tracers injected into the internuncial regions of the pons would yield further insights and a more detailed and complete ...
... agents into the cortex (i.e. cortico-centric studies) and cerebellocentric studies where lesions or anatomic tracers were placed within regions of cerebellum. The possibility that tracers injected into the internuncial regions of the pons would yield further insights and a more detailed and complete ...
Cerebellar Loops with Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex of a
... virus type 1 (HSV1) revealed that neurons in the arm area of M1 project via the pons to granule cells primarily in lobules IV–VI, whereas neurons in area 46 project to granule cells primarily in Crus II. Together, the findings from rabies and HSV1 experiments indicate that the regions of the cerebel ...
... virus type 1 (HSV1) revealed that neurons in the arm area of M1 project via the pons to granule cells primarily in lobules IV–VI, whereas neurons in area 46 project to granule cells primarily in Crus II. Together, the findings from rabies and HSV1 experiments indicate that the regions of the cerebel ...
Document
... to form and retrieve memories. c. When administered to middle-age rats, one ampakine was able to reverse their age-related decline in the cellular mechanism of memory. ...
... to form and retrieve memories. c. When administered to middle-age rats, one ampakine was able to reverse their age-related decline in the cellular mechanism of memory. ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... laid down the foundations of what can today be considered the modern neuroscience (Golgi, 1906; Ramón y Cajal, 1906). The ensuing technological progress brought in with the blossoming of information science and engineering opened new avenues of study to complement slowly ageing practices. Data provi ...
... laid down the foundations of what can today be considered the modern neuroscience (Golgi, 1906; Ramón y Cajal, 1906). The ensuing technological progress brought in with the blossoming of information science and engineering opened new avenues of study to complement slowly ageing practices. Data provi ...
Preparation for action: one of the key functions of motor cortex.
... information intervenes during processes of movement preparation or planning, but not during those of movement execution. The use of the preparatory paradigm makes it thus possible, first, to dissociate in time movement planning from its execution and, second, to study selectively preparatory process ...
... information intervenes during processes of movement preparation or planning, but not during those of movement execution. The use of the preparatory paradigm makes it thus possible, first, to dissociate in time movement planning from its execution and, second, to study selectively preparatory process ...
Number and Laminar Distribution of Neurons in a
... previously estimated by extrapolations based on measurements of neuron density (sampled using Sterio’s disector method; Sterio 1984). However, the estimates for neuron density in rat somatosensory cortex varied by almost a factor of 2: between 48 000 per cubic millimeter (Beaulieu 1993) and 77 000 p ...
... previously estimated by extrapolations based on measurements of neuron density (sampled using Sterio’s disector method; Sterio 1984). However, the estimates for neuron density in rat somatosensory cortex varied by almost a factor of 2: between 48 000 per cubic millimeter (Beaulieu 1993) and 77 000 p ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.