An Introduction to Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
... divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. • 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. • 15-3 Identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they function. ...
... divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. • 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. • 15-3 Identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they function. ...
embj201488977-sup-0010-Suppl
... Collden G, Mangano C, and Meister B (2010) P2X2 purinoreceptor protein in hypothalamic neurons associated with the regulation of food intake. Neuroscience 171: 62-78 Dabrowska J, Hazra R, Ahern TH, Guo JD, McDonald AJ, Mascagni F, Muller JF, Young LJ, and Rainnie DG (2011) Neuroanatomical evidence f ...
... Collden G, Mangano C, and Meister B (2010) P2X2 purinoreceptor protein in hypothalamic neurons associated with the regulation of food intake. Neuroscience 171: 62-78 Dabrowska J, Hazra R, Ahern TH, Guo JD, McDonald AJ, Mascagni F, Muller JF, Young LJ, and Rainnie DG (2011) Neuroanatomical evidence f ...
Steroids CLASS COPY
... organs, including the liver, kidneys, heart, and brain. They can also have a profound effect on reproductive organs and hormones. Many of the effects of steroids are brought about through their actions in the brain. Once steroids enter the brain, they are distributed to many regions, including the h ...
... organs, including the liver, kidneys, heart, and brain. They can also have a profound effect on reproductive organs and hormones. Many of the effects of steroids are brought about through their actions in the brain. Once steroids enter the brain, they are distributed to many regions, including the h ...
The Role of Dopamine in Locomotor ... 173
... The mesolimbic-mesocortical DA neurons also have been implicated in locomotor activity but their role remains equivoca1. Thus, it has been reported that bilateral 6-ONDA lesions of the origin of these neurons, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) results in no change in locomotion, decreased locomotion ...
... The mesolimbic-mesocortical DA neurons also have been implicated in locomotor activity but their role remains equivoca1. Thus, it has been reported that bilateral 6-ONDA lesions of the origin of these neurons, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) results in no change in locomotion, decreased locomotion ...
Essentials of Glycobiology Lecture 13 April 25th. 2000
... deficient in patients with different diseases - being secreted by the normal cells in small amounts • Enzymes found to exist in two forms: a "high-uptake" form that could correct deficient cells, and a "low-uptake" form that was inactive. • Direct-binding studies showed saturable, high-affinity rece ...
... deficient in patients with different diseases - being secreted by the normal cells in small amounts • Enzymes found to exist in two forms: a "high-uptake" form that could correct deficient cells, and a "low-uptake" form that was inactive. • Direct-binding studies showed saturable, high-affinity rece ...
A consensus sequence in the endothelin
... ETB receptor knockout mice, ET-1 fails to increase NHE3 activity, whereas stimulation is seen in tubules from wild-type mice (20). These findings agree with immunohistochemistry and binding studies showing that the ETB receptor is the predominant ET receptor on the renal proximal tubule (9, 42). How ...
... ETB receptor knockout mice, ET-1 fails to increase NHE3 activity, whereas stimulation is seen in tubules from wild-type mice (20). These findings agree with immunohistochemistry and binding studies showing that the ETB receptor is the predominant ET receptor on the renal proximal tubule (9, 42). How ...
Adiponectin
... In cultured cells, human recombinant adiponectin suppresses endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells & transformation of macrophages to foam cells: adiponectin may thus protect vascular wall against atherogenic changes In mice overexpression of adip ...
... In cultured cells, human recombinant adiponectin suppresses endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells & transformation of macrophages to foam cells: adiponectin may thus protect vascular wall against atherogenic changes In mice overexpression of adip ...
Critical Periods:
... There are numerous examples of differences between males and females in performance on various tests of learning and memory. – Males are “better” at passive avoidance learning than females (e.g., males learn more quickly to not leave a platform because they will get shocked). – Females are “better” ...
... There are numerous examples of differences between males and females in performance on various tests of learning and memory. – Males are “better” at passive avoidance learning than females (e.g., males learn more quickly to not leave a platform because they will get shocked). – Females are “better” ...
15-5 Somatic Motor Pathways
... o Sometimes called the pyramidal system o Provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles System begins at pyramidal cells of primary motor cortex Axons of these upper motor neurons descend into brain stem and spinal cord to synapse on lower motor neurons that control skeletal ...
... o Sometimes called the pyramidal system o Provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles System begins at pyramidal cells of primary motor cortex Axons of these upper motor neurons descend into brain stem and spinal cord to synapse on lower motor neurons that control skeletal ...
Chapter 48
... 1. What are the 3 main fcns of the nervous system? 2. How does a reflex work? 3. What cells make up the nervous system? - Neurons – functional unit of the nervous system - Supporting cells (glia) - Astrocytes - regulate extracellular concentration of ions & neurotransmitters - Form tight junctions b ...
... 1. What are the 3 main fcns of the nervous system? 2. How does a reflex work? 3. What cells make up the nervous system? - Neurons – functional unit of the nervous system - Supporting cells (glia) - Astrocytes - regulate extracellular concentration of ions & neurotransmitters - Form tight junctions b ...
Data Supplement
... the first session mice were sent across the ladder 3 times, then twice for the second training session, and only once for third and fourth training sessions. Baseline was obtained from the last training run. Post stroke testing was performed with one run per mouse. Ladder test performance was scored ...
... the first session mice were sent across the ladder 3 times, then twice for the second training session, and only once for third and fourth training sessions. Baseline was obtained from the last training run. Post stroke testing was performed with one run per mouse. Ladder test performance was scored ...
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of
... you then have the basic knowledge needed to understand complex neurons with their dozens of ionic currents! The understanding of the principles of more complex patterns of activity is merely the addition of currents that all follow the same basic rules. Let's now investigate just a few of these diff ...
... you then have the basic knowledge needed to understand complex neurons with their dozens of ionic currents! The understanding of the principles of more complex patterns of activity is merely the addition of currents that all follow the same basic rules. Let's now investigate just a few of these diff ...
Inflammation-Induced Gene Expression in Brain and Adrenal Gland Linda Engström
... expression in the PVH, hence being the likely cause of the blunted ACTH and corticosterone responses at later time-points. Based on these findings we suggest that a neural, mPGES-1-independent pathway, and a humoral, mPGES-1-dependent pathway act in concert but in distinct temporal patterns to init ...
... expression in the PVH, hence being the likely cause of the blunted ACTH and corticosterone responses at later time-points. Based on these findings we suggest that a neural, mPGES-1-independent pathway, and a humoral, mPGES-1-dependent pathway act in concert but in distinct temporal patterns to init ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... conc. without any change in PCO2. i.e PCO2 is normal & arterial H+ increased or decreased resulted from non—CO2 generating acid. ...
... conc. without any change in PCO2. i.e PCO2 is normal & arterial H+ increased or decreased resulted from non—CO2 generating acid. ...
Motor System: Reflexes, Pyramidal Tract and Basal Ganglia
... the inhibition of thalamo-cortical neurons; net effect is disinhibition of the thalamus and facilitation of movement • Indirect path: cortex activates medium spiny neurons, which inhibit GPe neurons, which inhibit subthalamic neurons, which tonically activate GPi neurons, which inhibit thalamo-corti ...
... the inhibition of thalamo-cortical neurons; net effect is disinhibition of the thalamus and facilitation of movement • Indirect path: cortex activates medium spiny neurons, which inhibit GPe neurons, which inhibit subthalamic neurons, which tonically activate GPi neurons, which inhibit thalamo-corti ...
Chapter 08: The Chemical Senses
... — ~300 in mice, 5 in humans — Structurally different from odorant receptors — Ligands are largely unknown Unusual cAMP gated channels are evolutionarily conserved : Used in the visual transduction as well Recent finding suggests both olfactory system and vomeronasal system regulate behavioral outcom ...
... — ~300 in mice, 5 in humans — Structurally different from odorant receptors — Ligands are largely unknown Unusual cAMP gated channels are evolutionarily conserved : Used in the visual transduction as well Recent finding suggests both olfactory system and vomeronasal system regulate behavioral outcom ...
THE NEURON
... The Moving Impulse A neuron remains in its resting state until it receives a stimulus large enough to start a nerve impulse. The impulse travels quickly down the axon toward the axon terminals. ...
... The Moving Impulse A neuron remains in its resting state until it receives a stimulus large enough to start a nerve impulse. The impulse travels quickly down the axon toward the axon terminals. ...
File - Joris Vangeneugden
... Experiencing intense terror as during combat situations or sexual violation can have devastating effects on a person’s mental sanity. Flashbacks, often expressed in nightmares, confront the person with the traumatic event otherwise avoided as much as possible in both actions and thoughts. A general ...
... Experiencing intense terror as during combat situations or sexual violation can have devastating effects on a person’s mental sanity. Flashbacks, often expressed in nightmares, confront the person with the traumatic event otherwise avoided as much as possible in both actions and thoughts. A general ...
Morris H. Aprison
... small number of historadiographs that one could take in a day; most of the lost time occurred waiting for the oil and mercury diffusion pumps to cool before removing the tissue sample from the photographic chamber and, upon introduction of the next sample, even more time was lost waiting for those p ...
... small number of historadiographs that one could take in a day; most of the lost time occurred waiting for the oil and mercury diffusion pumps to cool before removing the tissue sample from the photographic chamber and, upon introduction of the next sample, even more time was lost waiting for those p ...
幻灯片 1
... Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China ...
... Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China ...
Central nervous system control of food intake and body
... insulin and PYY3–36, ghrelin powerfully stimulates food intake in multiple species, including humans17–19, suggesting that the effect of weight loss to increase ghrelin levels20 may (along with reduced leptin and insulin levels) contribute to weight regain. Nutrient-related signals. In addition to m ...
... insulin and PYY3–36, ghrelin powerfully stimulates food intake in multiple species, including humans17–19, suggesting that the effect of weight loss to increase ghrelin levels20 may (along with reduced leptin and insulin levels) contribute to weight regain. Nutrient-related signals. In addition to m ...
Local Anesthetics
... The onset of local anesthesia can be accelerated by the addition of sodium bicarbonate Repeated injections of local anesthetics can result in loss of effectiveness Pregnancy appears to increase susceptibility to local anesthetic toxicity ...
... The onset of local anesthesia can be accelerated by the addition of sodium bicarbonate Repeated injections of local anesthetics can result in loss of effectiveness Pregnancy appears to increase susceptibility to local anesthetic toxicity ...
Original Article Female Rat Hippocampal Cell
... belong to a large family of G protein-coupled receptors and play an important physiological role (Piestrzeniewicz et al., 2006). Recent reports support the view that the hippocampus is also involved in addiction to opiates and other drugs. Some studies suggest that the hippocampus is important for r ...
... belong to a large family of G protein-coupled receptors and play an important physiological role (Piestrzeniewicz et al., 2006). Recent reports support the view that the hippocampus is also involved in addiction to opiates and other drugs. Some studies suggest that the hippocampus is important for r ...
The concept of a reflex
... An autonomic reflex arc is similar to the somatic kind, but differs principally in the motor output side. The sensory side is similar in that a transducer, 1, sends a signal via a nerve fiber (2, drawn in blue) into the CNS. As with the somatic arc, this sensory fiber is associated with a pseudo-un ...
... An autonomic reflex arc is similar to the somatic kind, but differs principally in the motor output side. The sensory side is similar in that a transducer, 1, sends a signal via a nerve fiber (2, drawn in blue) into the CNS. As with the somatic arc, this sensory fiber is associated with a pseudo-un ...
Cutaneous mechanoreceptors
... Once threshold is reached, the magnitude of the stimulus is encoded in the frequency of impulses generated in the neuron. So the more massive or rapid the deformation of a single corpuscle, the higher the frequency of nerve impulses generated in its neuron. The generator voltage has properties simil ...
... Once threshold is reached, the magnitude of the stimulus is encoded in the frequency of impulses generated in the neuron. So the more massive or rapid the deformation of a single corpuscle, the higher the frequency of nerve impulses generated in its neuron. The generator voltage has properties simil ...