Direct and indirect cellular effects of aspartame on the brain
... contradictory results; norepinephrine and dopamine (precursor of norepinephrine) concentrations in various brain regions increased significantly, and not as observed above. However, mice have a different metabolism for aspartame and its breakdown products are different from those of human beings; th ...
... contradictory results; norepinephrine and dopamine (precursor of norepinephrine) concentrations in various brain regions increased significantly, and not as observed above. However, mice have a different metabolism for aspartame and its breakdown products are different from those of human beings; th ...
Dietary Supplementation With Lipoic Acid Inhibits Exercise
... hydroxyl radical occurs as a consequence of normal cellular metabolism (1). ROS-related molecular damage includes DNA strand breaks and single base modifications (2), oxidation of amino acid side chains and fragmentation of polypeptides (3), and the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and pho ...
... hydroxyl radical occurs as a consequence of normal cellular metabolism (1). ROS-related molecular damage includes DNA strand breaks and single base modifications (2), oxidation of amino acid side chains and fragmentation of polypeptides (3), and the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and pho ...
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
... drugs exert control over the function of the nervous system will also be briefly discussed. The relative anatomical and physiological simplicity of the peripheral nervous system has made it the proving ground for many important discoveries about chemical transmission, and the same general principl ...
... drugs exert control over the function of the nervous system will also be briefly discussed. The relative anatomical and physiological simplicity of the peripheral nervous system has made it the proving ground for many important discoveries about chemical transmission, and the same general principl ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... hippocampus may also contribute to GALs effects on memory. Electrophysiological studies in rodent hippocampal slices show that GAL restricts LTP at both perforant path-dentate gyrus and Schaffer collateralCA1 synapses [9, 11, 13, 30]. GAL may impact glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus by ...
... hippocampus may also contribute to GALs effects on memory. Electrophysiological studies in rodent hippocampal slices show that GAL restricts LTP at both perforant path-dentate gyrus and Schaffer collateralCA1 synapses [9, 11, 13, 30]. GAL may impact glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus by ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... seems that olfactory bulbs use mechanisms similar to our “visual pattern recognition” to identify discrete smells. “Odor images” refer to maps of olfactory bulb activity during olfaction. The SenseLab Web site contains many of these maps obtained with fMRI at 7T in animals (because the olfactory bu ...
... seems that olfactory bulbs use mechanisms similar to our “visual pattern recognition” to identify discrete smells. “Odor images” refer to maps of olfactory bulb activity during olfaction. The SenseLab Web site contains many of these maps obtained with fMRI at 7T in animals (because the olfactory bu ...
Time-delay-induced phase-transition to synchrony in coupled
... comparable to time-scales of neuronal oscillations are known to have significant effects in the ensemble activity of neurons. Thus, in modeling studies of neurons and networks, the influence of time delays on the ensemble activity has received a great deal of attention recently.4–16 In networks of c ...
... comparable to time-scales of neuronal oscillations are known to have significant effects in the ensemble activity of neurons. Thus, in modeling studies of neurons and networks, the influence of time delays on the ensemble activity has received a great deal of attention recently.4–16 In networks of c ...
LYRICA (pregabalin) eLearning System
... before you can understand how neuropathic pain occurs, you first need to understand the normal actions of the nervous system. Another one of these disorders is fibromyalgia, a common condition that is characterized by the hallmark symptom of chronic, widespread pain. Today, much evidence suggests th ...
... before you can understand how neuropathic pain occurs, you first need to understand the normal actions of the nervous system. Another one of these disorders is fibromyalgia, a common condition that is characterized by the hallmark symptom of chronic, widespread pain. Today, much evidence suggests th ...
Basal Ganglia and Associated Pathways
... part of the direct and indirect pathways, respectively, the overall effect is increased motor activity. D1 dopamine receptors are present on cells in the striatum which are part of the direct pathway (increases motor activity); the receptors produce excitatory effects, thus activating the pathway an ...
... part of the direct and indirect pathways, respectively, the overall effect is increased motor activity. D1 dopamine receptors are present on cells in the striatum which are part of the direct pathway (increases motor activity); the receptors produce excitatory effects, thus activating the pathway an ...
NeuralNets
... values for neuron states and outputs instead of discrete binary or bipolar values. Simultaneous update instead of serial asynchronous update of discrete network Chemical system can emulate continuous ...
... values for neuron states and outputs instead of discrete binary or bipolar values. Simultaneous update instead of serial asynchronous update of discrete network Chemical system can emulate continuous ...
Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep
... specifically identify the phenotype of the neurons that were lesioned, and the inconsistent effects on sleep might have occurred because the lesion methods did not destroy the appropriate neurons. To specifically test the hypothesis that lesions of the LH which result in loss of hypocretin-containin ...
... specifically identify the phenotype of the neurons that were lesioned, and the inconsistent effects on sleep might have occurred because the lesion methods did not destroy the appropriate neurons. To specifically test the hypothesis that lesions of the LH which result in loss of hypocretin-containin ...
Central neural control of the cardiovascular system
... maintain homeostasis in the face of challenges such as hypoxia, dehydration, or changes in ambient temperature. In this review, I shall focus primarily on the central neural mechanisms that regulate cardiovascular function, although I shall also discuss, where relevant, how these mechanisms are coor ...
... maintain homeostasis in the face of challenges such as hypoxia, dehydration, or changes in ambient temperature. In this review, I shall focus primarily on the central neural mechanisms that regulate cardiovascular function, although I shall also discuss, where relevant, how these mechanisms are coor ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... however, have only explained a small fraction of the diversity that is known to be present among mature cortical interneurons. In addition to transcription factors, a number of extrinsic cues can influence the development of GABAergic interneurons, including neurotrophins (Polleux et al., 2002), hep ...
... however, have only explained a small fraction of the diversity that is known to be present among mature cortical interneurons. In addition to transcription factors, a number of extrinsic cues can influence the development of GABAergic interneurons, including neurotrophins (Polleux et al., 2002), hep ...
Magel2 Is Required for Leptin-Mediated Depolarization of POMC
... several genes, including MAGEL2. Mice lacking Magel2 display increased weight gain with excess adiposity and other defects suggestive of hypothalamic deficiency. We demonstrate Magel2-null mice are insensitive to the anorexic effect of peripherally administered leptin. Although their excessive adipo ...
... several genes, including MAGEL2. Mice lacking Magel2 display increased weight gain with excess adiposity and other defects suggestive of hypothalamic deficiency. We demonstrate Magel2-null mice are insensitive to the anorexic effect of peripherally administered leptin. Although their excessive adipo ...
Substrate Stiffness and Adhesivity Influence Neuron Axonal Growth
... phenomenon has been demonstrated with substrate-bound molecules common in the nervous system and known to be adhesive to neurons, foremost the extracellular proteins fibronectin and laminin. For instance, it has been shown that axon specification can be triggered when one of the developing processes ...
... phenomenon has been demonstrated with substrate-bound molecules common in the nervous system and known to be adhesive to neurons, foremost the extracellular proteins fibronectin and laminin. For instance, it has been shown that axon specification can be triggered when one of the developing processes ...
Vitamins as Hormones
... Transport mechanisms and pharmacokinetics of retinol are known to a large extent [17, 21]. Retinol is transported in plasma by the specific retinol-binding protein (RBP) to the peripheral tissues. The intracellular absorption of retinol takes place via diffusion without the assistance of receptors. I ...
... Transport mechanisms and pharmacokinetics of retinol are known to a large extent [17, 21]. Retinol is transported in plasma by the specific retinol-binding protein (RBP) to the peripheral tissues. The intracellular absorption of retinol takes place via diffusion without the assistance of receptors. I ...
The Nervous System
... A. definition: chemical compounds released from axon terminals (of the presynaptic neuron) into a synaptic cleft B. neurotransmitters bind to specific receptor molecules in the membrane of a post synaptic neuron, opening ion channels and thereby stimulating impulse conduction by the membrane C. name ...
... A. definition: chemical compounds released from axon terminals (of the presynaptic neuron) into a synaptic cleft B. neurotransmitters bind to specific receptor molecules in the membrane of a post synaptic neuron, opening ion channels and thereby stimulating impulse conduction by the membrane C. name ...
Synapse Jeopardy
... • An electrical signal that travels along the axon, away from the cell body to the axon terminal where it triggers the release of neurotransmitters. Click here to reveal the correct concept ...
... • An electrical signal that travels along the axon, away from the cell body to the axon terminal where it triggers the release of neurotransmitters. Click here to reveal the correct concept ...
Neuronal LRP1 Knockout in Adult Mice Leads to Impaired Brain
... neurons to greater A toxicity and facilitate disease progression in an age-dependent manner. Cholesterol is an essential component of neuronal membrane and myelin sheaths, and is crucial for synaptic integrity and neuronal function (Pfrieger, 2003). Reduced synthesis and increased need for choleste ...
... neurons to greater A toxicity and facilitate disease progression in an age-dependent manner. Cholesterol is an essential component of neuronal membrane and myelin sheaths, and is crucial for synaptic integrity and neuronal function (Pfrieger, 2003). Reduced synthesis and increased need for choleste ...
Module 2
... Fluctuation of a membrane of an oval aperture is transferred to: A. Perilymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph B. Endolymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph C. Endolymph vestibular scale and through the basic membrane - endolymph D. Endolym ...
... Fluctuation of a membrane of an oval aperture is transferred to: A. Perilymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph B. Endolymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph C. Endolymph vestibular scale and through the basic membrane - endolymph D. Endolym ...
rEvIEW - McLoon Lab
... clefts. These regions might be important for the trans-synaptic activation of glutamate receptors20. Association of synapses and astrocyte processes might be a dynamic process. In agreement with this possibility, astrocyte coverage can be altered during development in response to injury and in vario ...
... clefts. These regions might be important for the trans-synaptic activation of glutamate receptors20. Association of synapses and astrocyte processes might be a dynamic process. In agreement with this possibility, astrocyte coverage can be altered during development in response to injury and in vario ...
Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation
... water to flow across cell membranes to equilibrate the osmolality of the cytoplasm with that of the ECF1. By altering cell volume and intracellular ionic strength, large changes in ECF osmolality can affect the physical integrity of cells and tissues2 and the biological activity of life-sustaining m ...
... water to flow across cell membranes to equilibrate the osmolality of the cytoplasm with that of the ECF1. By altering cell volume and intracellular ionic strength, large changes in ECF osmolality can affect the physical integrity of cells and tissues2 and the biological activity of life-sustaining m ...
File
... There are receptors in the apical membrane of the taste chemoreceptor cell that bind glucose, sucrose (a combination of glucose and fructose), and other carbohydrates. Binding to these receptors activates adenylyl cyclase, thereby elevating cAMP. This causes a PKA-mediated phosphorylation of K+ chan ...
... There are receptors in the apical membrane of the taste chemoreceptor cell that bind glucose, sucrose (a combination of glucose and fructose), and other carbohydrates. Binding to these receptors activates adenylyl cyclase, thereby elevating cAMP. This causes a PKA-mediated phosphorylation of K+ chan ...
Neurological mechanisms involved in orthodontic tooth movement
... information) expression is noted ipsilaterally in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and bilaterally in the lateral parabranchial nucleus. These fos-like immunoreactive neurons are distributed in other brain regions such as the neocortex, dorsal raphe, and thalamic nucleus.[21] Nociceptive informati ...
... information) expression is noted ipsilaterally in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and bilaterally in the lateral parabranchial nucleus. These fos-like immunoreactive neurons are distributed in other brain regions such as the neocortex, dorsal raphe, and thalamic nucleus.[21] Nociceptive informati ...
Åpne - Munin
... accumulate in the environment and evidence suggests that most people have varying degrees of toxic compounds within their body. This can result in disruption of many physiological processes in the human body and the development of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer’s ...
... accumulate in the environment and evidence suggests that most people have varying degrees of toxic compounds within their body. This can result in disruption of many physiological processes in the human body and the development of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer’s ...
Gq-dependent signalling by the lysophosphatidic acid receptor
... and Rho kinase (Rho-associated kinase) activities: stimulation of all three enzymes was inhibited by expression of the Gαq , but not the Gαi , minigene. Initial contraction and MLC20 (20 kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II) phosphorylation induced by LPA were abolished by inhibitors of PLC (phos ...
... and Rho kinase (Rho-associated kinase) activities: stimulation of all three enzymes was inhibited by expression of the Gαq , but not the Gαi , minigene. Initial contraction and MLC20 (20 kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II) phosphorylation induced by LPA were abolished by inhibitors of PLC (phos ...