AtGLR3.4, a glutamate receptor channel-like gene is
... on the quantitative transcript analyses provided evidence for a role of Ca2+ -dependent steps in the transcriptional regulation of AtGLR3.4 by mechanical stress. Using Aequorin-based cytosolic calcium measurements as well as electrophysiological techniques, we followed the time-course of changes in ...
... on the quantitative transcript analyses provided evidence for a role of Ca2+ -dependent steps in the transcriptional regulation of AtGLR3.4 by mechanical stress. Using Aequorin-based cytosolic calcium measurements as well as electrophysiological techniques, we followed the time-course of changes in ...
Subtype-Specific Sorting of the ETA Endothelin Receptor by a Novel
... nitric-oxide synthase reported to function as an internal PDZ (postsynaptic density-95/disc-large/zona occludens) domainbinding ligand. Based on these findings, the three-dimensional ...
... nitric-oxide synthase reported to function as an internal PDZ (postsynaptic density-95/disc-large/zona occludens) domainbinding ligand. Based on these findings, the three-dimensional ...
Ectodermal Placodes: Contributions to the
... Specification of neurogenic placodes and pattern formation of their derivatives has been a subject of study for over eighty years, and is still not well understood, but, several genes have been implicated in pattern formation in the derivatives of the otic placode. The lateral line system is unique ...
... Specification of neurogenic placodes and pattern formation of their derivatives has been a subject of study for over eighty years, and is still not well understood, but, several genes have been implicated in pattern formation in the derivatives of the otic placode. The lateral line system is unique ...
The Nervous System
... Dendrites (from the Greek dendron = tree branch) are thin, branched processes that extend from the cytoplasm of the cell body. Dendrites provide a receptive area that transmits graded electrochemical impulses to the cell body. The axon is a longer process that conducts impulses, called action potent ...
... Dendrites (from the Greek dendron = tree branch) are thin, branched processes that extend from the cytoplasm of the cell body. Dendrites provide a receptive area that transmits graded electrochemical impulses to the cell body. The axon is a longer process that conducts impulses, called action potent ...
The basis of the stress reaction
... signals enter the CNS via circumventricular organs3,14. These pathways do not work as ‘soloists’, but the stress projection is in accord with neuronal activation. The humoral signals can affect the CNS in multiple pathways: (i) when the molecule is lipophilic, it can pass freely through the blood–br ...
... signals enter the CNS via circumventricular organs3,14. These pathways do not work as ‘soloists’, but the stress projection is in accord with neuronal activation. The humoral signals can affect the CNS in multiple pathways: (i) when the molecule is lipophilic, it can pass freely through the blood–br ...
Neuroscience: the Science of the Brain
... conditions develop, such as dyslexia. There are similarities between how the brain develops and the mechanisms responsible for altering the connections between nerve cells later on - a process called neuronal plasticity. Plasticity is thought to underlie learning and remembering. Our booklet’s brain ...
... conditions develop, such as dyslexia. There are similarities between how the brain develops and the mechanisms responsible for altering the connections between nerve cells later on - a process called neuronal plasticity. Plasticity is thought to underlie learning and remembering. Our booklet’s brain ...
The Cholinergic Hypothesis of Age and Alzheimer`s Disease
... result, the authors suggested that: 1) it is unlikely that a cholinergic marker could be used as an early indicator of AD; 2) it is unlikely that a cholinergic deficit could be identified prior to the patient becoming symptomatic; and 3) only the patients with more severe disease should be a target ...
... result, the authors suggested that: 1) it is unlikely that a cholinergic marker could be used as an early indicator of AD; 2) it is unlikely that a cholinergic deficit could be identified prior to the patient becoming symptomatic; and 3) only the patients with more severe disease should be a target ...
Are mesopontine cholinergic neurons either necessary or sufficient
... brain slices. Given that noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons are at their most active during waking when the EEG is desynchronized,18 it was hypothesized26 that mesopontine cholinergic neurons in vivo might be inhibited during waking and active only during REM sleep. In this scenario, EEG desynch ...
... brain slices. Given that noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons are at their most active during waking when the EEG is desynchronized,18 it was hypothesized26 that mesopontine cholinergic neurons in vivo might be inhibited during waking and active only during REM sleep. In this scenario, EEG desynch ...
1 - Projeto Andar de Novo
... brains with 1, 4 and 6 post-natal days (P1, P4, P6) were immersed in PBS ØCa+2/EGTA/glucose. Their pial surfaces were scratched and a mix of fluorochromes, consisting of the gap junction permeant Lucifer Yellow (LY, 443Da) and the non permeant, Rhodamine-conjugated Dextran (RD, 3KDa), that were intr ...
... brains with 1, 4 and 6 post-natal days (P1, P4, P6) were immersed in PBS ØCa+2/EGTA/glucose. Their pial surfaces were scratched and a mix of fluorochromes, consisting of the gap junction permeant Lucifer Yellow (LY, 443Da) and the non permeant, Rhodamine-conjugated Dextran (RD, 3KDa), that were intr ...
Chapter 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue
... Which of the following is true? A) The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. B) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. C) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. D) Negatively charged Cl- ions a ...
... Which of the following is true? A) The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. B) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. C) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. D) Negatively charged Cl- ions a ...
Axon Guidance
... When neurons are combined with tissues that their axons do not enter, it appears these tissues release substances that repel axons. Central axons of DRG neurons are attracted to dorsal SC, while they are repelled by ventral SC. Navigation of axons away from the olfactory bulb involves repulsion by ...
... When neurons are combined with tissues that their axons do not enter, it appears these tissues release substances that repel axons. Central axons of DRG neurons are attracted to dorsal SC, while they are repelled by ventral SC. Navigation of axons away from the olfactory bulb involves repulsion by ...
File: Chap011, Chapter 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue
... Which of the following is true? A) The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. B) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. C) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. D) Negatively charged Cl- ions a ...
... Which of the following is true? A) The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. B) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. C) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. D) Negatively charged Cl- ions a ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... hyperpolarized. Such inflections were due to the initial segment-somatodendritic (IS-SD) break. If the membrane was further hyperpolarized, the SD spike failed leaving just the long-lasting IS spike (see Deuchars et al. 1995a). All neurons were located in the IML (see Fig. 1C for an example) or inte ...
... hyperpolarized. Such inflections were due to the initial segment-somatodendritic (IS-SD) break. If the membrane was further hyperpolarized, the SD spike failed leaving just the long-lasting IS spike (see Deuchars et al. 1995a). All neurons were located in the IML (see Fig. 1C for an example) or inte ...
Memory from the dynamics of intrinsic membrane currents
... potential (IPSP) introduced at the time of the third spike in the second burst. This IPSP reset the phase of the oscillator, delaying the onset of the next and subsequent bursts. The bottom trace shows the effect of increasing the conductance of the simulated IPSP 5-fold. In this case the IPSP phase ...
... potential (IPSP) introduced at the time of the third spike in the second burst. This IPSP reset the phase of the oscillator, delaying the onset of the next and subsequent bursts. The bottom trace shows the effect of increasing the conductance of the simulated IPSP 5-fold. In this case the IPSP phase ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... effect induced by dopamine acting at PV expressing-Pcells or PV-expressing-interneuron synapses [52]. Specifically, dopamine selectively inhibits the release of GABA from PV+ interneurons to P-cells, but not to other interneurons. This target-specific neurochemical modulation enables a sharp disinh ...
... effect induced by dopamine acting at PV expressing-Pcells or PV-expressing-interneuron synapses [52]. Specifically, dopamine selectively inhibits the release of GABA from PV+ interneurons to P-cells, but not to other interneurons. This target-specific neurochemical modulation enables a sharp disinh ...
R eelin is expressed in the accessory olfactory system, but is not a
... migration and organization of the cerebral cortex. However, recent data indicates that Reelin may act as a guidance cue in other parts of the central nervous system. Del Rio et al. [6] suggest that Reelin is essential for the formation of layer-specific hippocampal connections. Reelin acts as a guid ...
... migration and organization of the cerebral cortex. However, recent data indicates that Reelin may act as a guidance cue in other parts of the central nervous system. Del Rio et al. [6] suggest that Reelin is essential for the formation of layer-specific hippocampal connections. Reelin acts as a guid ...
Chapter 15: Special Senses
... capsule and innervated by gamma motor neurons • Stretching of the muscle stretches the muscle spindles sending sensory information back to the CNS • Spindle sensory fiber monitor changes in muscle length • Brain regulates muscle tone by controlling gamma fibers Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS ...
... capsule and innervated by gamma motor neurons • Stretching of the muscle stretches the muscle spindles sending sensory information back to the CNS • Spindle sensory fiber monitor changes in muscle length • Brain regulates muscle tone by controlling gamma fibers Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS ...
ARTICLES - Test Page
... at 2 months of age and analyzed the longterm fate of the marked cells (Fig. 2). This analysis revealed a gradual increase in labeled cells in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb (Fig. 2c–h,j–o). Similarly, labeled periR26-CFP NeuN glomerular cells were increased in number (data not shown). ...
... at 2 months of age and analyzed the longterm fate of the marked cells (Fig. 2). This analysis revealed a gradual increase in labeled cells in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb (Fig. 2c–h,j–o). Similarly, labeled periR26-CFP NeuN glomerular cells were increased in number (data not shown). ...
Fibroblast growth factor modulates HIV coreceptor - SGF-5000
... As there was no access to fetal material to establish primary human neurons, we used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, differentiated into postmitotic cells with retinoic acid. This cell line has been shown previously to express CXCR4 (Loetscher et al., 1994). Consistent with these results, ...
... As there was no access to fetal material to establish primary human neurons, we used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, differentiated into postmitotic cells with retinoic acid. This cell line has been shown previously to express CXCR4 (Loetscher et al., 1994). Consistent with these results, ...
Dopamine is produced in the rat spinal cord and regulates
... the bladder detrusor labeled TH+ cells in the lumbosacral cord, confirming their involvement in spinal micturition reflex circuits. These results illustrate that DA is synthesized in the rat spinal cord; plasticity of lumbosacral TH+ neurons following SCI may contribute to DA expression and modulate t ...
... the bladder detrusor labeled TH+ cells in the lumbosacral cord, confirming their involvement in spinal micturition reflex circuits. These results illustrate that DA is synthesized in the rat spinal cord; plasticity of lumbosacral TH+ neurons following SCI may contribute to DA expression and modulate t ...
Book of Abstracts - Oxygen Club of California
... Anzai, K. ............................97,102,105 Arnal, E. ................................. 55,56,59 Arnér, E.S.J.......................................43 Aronov, P. .........................................83 Aronson, W.J. ...................................30 Arribas, L. ......................... ...
... Anzai, K. ............................97,102,105 Arnal, E. ................................. 55,56,59 Arnér, E.S.J.......................................43 Aronov, P. .........................................83 Aronson, W.J. ...................................30 Arribas, L. ......................... ...
14 Regulation by hypothalamo-hypophisial system and adrenal
... Hypophysiotropic Hormones • Neurons of the hypothalamus receive synaptic input, both stimulatory and inhibitory, from virtually all areas of the central nervous system, and specific neural pathways influence secretion of the individual hypophysiotropic hormones. • A large number of neurotransmitters ...
... Hypophysiotropic Hormones • Neurons of the hypothalamus receive synaptic input, both stimulatory and inhibitory, from virtually all areas of the central nervous system, and specific neural pathways influence secretion of the individual hypophysiotropic hormones. • A large number of neurotransmitters ...
Effects of the Abused Inhalant Toluene on the
... Electrophysiological studies reveal that most midbrain DA neurons display low tonic rates of firing (1–5 Hz) interspersed with bursts of firing (20–80 Hz) that are associated with novel or rewarding stimuli [31]. The mechanisms that underlie the transition between tonic and burst modes of VTA DA neu ...
... Electrophysiological studies reveal that most midbrain DA neurons display low tonic rates of firing (1–5 Hz) interspersed with bursts of firing (20–80 Hz) that are associated with novel or rewarding stimuli [31]. The mechanisms that underlie the transition between tonic and burst modes of VTA DA neu ...