Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaural time and level difference processing by neurons in the superior ol ...
... immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaural time and level difference processing by neurons in the superior ol ...
SECTION A.1 – ELECTRICAL IMBALANCE IN AUTISM A. Evidence
... A question arises as to, if electrical imbalances is at the core of autism, why don’t all children show abnormal EEG’s all the time. What may be happening is that the autistic brain is not always overstimulated. It has the potential for overstimulation, but it may be relaxed and quiescent at many ti ...
... A question arises as to, if electrical imbalances is at the core of autism, why don’t all children show abnormal EEG’s all the time. What may be happening is that the autistic brain is not always overstimulated. It has the potential for overstimulation, but it may be relaxed and quiescent at many ti ...
How microglia kill neurons
... could induce delayed neuronal loss that was prevented if microglia were removed from the cultures, and was mediated by microglial phagocytosis of neurons (Neniskyte et al., 2014). Others found that TNFα and IL-1β were synergistic in inducing neuronal death in brain cell cultures, mediated by iNOS an ...
... could induce delayed neuronal loss that was prevented if microglia were removed from the cultures, and was mediated by microglial phagocytosis of neurons (Neniskyte et al., 2014). Others found that TNFα and IL-1β were synergistic in inducing neuronal death in brain cell cultures, mediated by iNOS an ...
Roles for miRNAs in Timing Developmental Progression Within
... additional regulatory mechanisms likely influence miRNA levels in neurons because only a subset of miRNAs appear to be subject to this rapid turnover, and only a subset of neurons display this increased rate of miRNA turnover. Target mRNA levels may also influence miRNA levels in neurons, as target ...
... additional regulatory mechanisms likely influence miRNA levels in neurons because only a subset of miRNAs appear to be subject to this rapid turnover, and only a subset of neurons display this increased rate of miRNA turnover. Target mRNA levels may also influence miRNA levels in neurons, as target ...
Way SW, McKenna J 3rd, Mietzsch U, Reith RM, Wu HC, Gambello MJ. Loss of Tsc2 in radial glia models the brain pathology of tuberous sclerosis complex in the mouse. Human Molecular Genetics. 2009 Apr 1; 18(7):1252-65.
... in brain lysates and tissue sections. Developmental analysis demonstrated that loss of Tsc2 increased the subventricular Tbr2-positive basal cell progenitor pool at the expense of early born Tbr1-positive post-mitotic neurons. These results establish the novel concept that loss of function of Tsc2 i ...
... in brain lysates and tissue sections. Developmental analysis demonstrated that loss of Tsc2 increased the subventricular Tbr2-positive basal cell progenitor pool at the expense of early born Tbr1-positive post-mitotic neurons. These results establish the novel concept that loss of function of Tsc2 i ...
The Role of Histamine H1 , H2 and H3 Receptors on Enteric
... in these conditions does not inhibit the contraction produced by exogenous bradykinin (Ambache and Aboo Zar, 1970) is unlikely to inhibit directly the muscle. Thus the inhibitory action is likely to be via enteric neurons. A third class of histamine receptors has been identified. Histamine H3 recept ...
... in these conditions does not inhibit the contraction produced by exogenous bradykinin (Ambache and Aboo Zar, 1970) is unlikely to inhibit directly the muscle. Thus the inhibitory action is likely to be via enteric neurons. A third class of histamine receptors has been identified. Histamine H3 recept ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... 0 Abstract- We compared in albino and pigmented rats the early effect of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) on the concentrations of monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) and their respective metabolites-3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5- ...
... 0 Abstract- We compared in albino and pigmented rats the early effect of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) on the concentrations of monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) and their respective metabolites-3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5- ...
Sleep-wake cycles: EEG
... stably express each of the 50 orphan GPCRs and then measured Ca2 + fluxes – Identified the hypocretin 1 and 2 receptors • Genetic linkage studies in Doberman Pinschers with narcolepsy (1999) – The defective canine gene encodes the hypocretin 2 receptor ...
... stably express each of the 50 orphan GPCRs and then measured Ca2 + fluxes – Identified the hypocretin 1 and 2 receptors • Genetic linkage studies in Doberman Pinschers with narcolepsy (1999) – The defective canine gene encodes the hypocretin 2 receptor ...
Coefficient of Variation (CV) vs Mean Interspike Interval (ISI) curves
... D. R. Smith and G. K. Smith, A statistical analysis of the continuous activity of single cortical neurons in the cat unanesthetized isolated forebrain, Biophys. J. 5 (1965) 47-74. ...
... D. R. Smith and G. K. Smith, A statistical analysis of the continuous activity of single cortical neurons in the cat unanesthetized isolated forebrain, Biophys. J. 5 (1965) 47-74. ...
optimization of neuronal cultures derived from human induced
... Supplement (Invitrogen), 500 µM glutamine (Invitrogen), and 6.25 µM glutamate (Sigma). When neurons were cocultured with glia, medium consisted of Advanced DMEM/F12 plus 1% fetal calf serum. Cultures were analyzed between 2 and 7 weeks in vitro on the MANTRA system or on a fluorescence microscope im ...
... Supplement (Invitrogen), 500 µM glutamine (Invitrogen), and 6.25 µM glutamate (Sigma). When neurons were cocultured with glia, medium consisted of Advanced DMEM/F12 plus 1% fetal calf serum. Cultures were analyzed between 2 and 7 weeks in vitro on the MANTRA system or on a fluorescence microscope im ...
The Trp64Arg β3 -adrenergic receptor amino acid
... The β3-adrenergic receptor ( β3AR) plays a critical role in lipid metabolism, and thus alterations in its function may be involved in the metabolic syndrome. Indeed, we have found previously that the Trp64Arg amino acid variant of the β3AR is associated with hypertension and higher serum triacylglyc ...
... The β3-adrenergic receptor ( β3AR) plays a critical role in lipid metabolism, and thus alterations in its function may be involved in the metabolic syndrome. Indeed, we have found previously that the Trp64Arg amino acid variant of the β3AR is associated with hypertension and higher serum triacylglyc ...
James Robertson
... Take-homes Sleep homeostatic response not influenced by means of SD Not affected by level of arousal Rather, means of SD affected subsequent arousal CC reduced latency to sleep to control levels Delta power similar to GH SD DNM1-mediated regulation of presynaptic endocytosis and the leve ...
... Take-homes Sleep homeostatic response not influenced by means of SD Not affected by level of arousal Rather, means of SD affected subsequent arousal CC reduced latency to sleep to control levels Delta power similar to GH SD DNM1-mediated regulation of presynaptic endocytosis and the leve ...
Slide 1
... Referred pain • Signals from muscles and viscera can be felt as pain elsewhere • Example: myocardial infarction and angina can be felt in chest and left arm • Mechanism: convergence of afferents muscle/ viscera afferents and somatic afferents. • Convergence on the same projection neurons in the dor ...
... Referred pain • Signals from muscles and viscera can be felt as pain elsewhere • Example: myocardial infarction and angina can be felt in chest and left arm • Mechanism: convergence of afferents muscle/ viscera afferents and somatic afferents. • Convergence on the same projection neurons in the dor ...
Neuronal circuitries involved in thermoregulation
... the paraventricular nucleus) elicited rises in BAT and rectal temperatures similar to those evoked by the knife cut of the whole hypothalamus. Various hypothalamic nuclei other than the PO participate in the control of nonshivering thermogenesis. Among them, the importance of the VMH has been repeat ...
... the paraventricular nucleus) elicited rises in BAT and rectal temperatures similar to those evoked by the knife cut of the whole hypothalamus. Various hypothalamic nuclei other than the PO participate in the control of nonshivering thermogenesis. Among them, the importance of the VMH has been repeat ...
Wired for reproduction: Organization and Development of Sexually
... initiates ovulation in female mammals (see Gerall & Givon 1992 for review). Treatment of ovariectomized adult female rats with estrogen causes a massive surge in LH secretion, yet similar treatments in males fail to induce a similar response. This sexually dimorphic response to hormone treatment can ...
... initiates ovulation in female mammals (see Gerall & Givon 1992 for review). Treatment of ovariectomized adult female rats with estrogen causes a massive surge in LH secretion, yet similar treatments in males fail to induce a similar response. This sexually dimorphic response to hormone treatment can ...
Tau pathology does not affect experience-driven single
... imaging on a multiphoton microscope. After the imaging, the brains were collected and processed for immunohistochemical analysis. (b) Sample maximum intensity projections of in vivo-acquired multiphoton z-stacks from the layer II/III of the medial extrastriate visual cortex, showing Arc::dVenus repo ...
... imaging on a multiphoton microscope. After the imaging, the brains were collected and processed for immunohistochemical analysis. (b) Sample maximum intensity projections of in vivo-acquired multiphoton z-stacks from the layer II/III of the medial extrastriate visual cortex, showing Arc::dVenus repo ...
Text S1.
... efficacy was determined by the probability of release of neurotransmitters depending on the mechanism of frequency dependence [11,12]. The model is based on earlier concepts of the refractoriness of the release process [13], which can be rephrased by stating that the fraction (U) of the synaptic eff ...
... efficacy was determined by the probability of release of neurotransmitters depending on the mechanism of frequency dependence [11,12]. The model is based on earlier concepts of the refractoriness of the release process [13], which can be rephrased by stating that the fraction (U) of the synaptic eff ...
Full version (PDF file)
... Fig. 2. Cell electrophysiological properties of postsynaptic potentials evoked by ventral and dorsal focal electrical stimuli in NAc core neurons. (A) Both DPSP amplitudes were graded with stimulus intensities. T shows the threshold intensity of stimulus to evoke DPSP. (B) Responses to the same elec ...
... Fig. 2. Cell electrophysiological properties of postsynaptic potentials evoked by ventral and dorsal focal electrical stimuli in NAc core neurons. (A) Both DPSP amplitudes were graded with stimulus intensities. T shows the threshold intensity of stimulus to evoke DPSP. (B) Responses to the same elec ...
Localization of Glycine Neurotransmitter Transporter (GLYT2
... amino acids from synaptic clefts by a rapid sodiumdependent uptake system (Kanner, 1989) . Recently, several cDNAs encoding neurotransmitter transporters were cloned . Only a few were shown to be neuronal, presumably acting in the classic reuptake systems (Clark et al ., 1992 ; Amara and Kuhar, 1993 ...
... amino acids from synaptic clefts by a rapid sodiumdependent uptake system (Kanner, 1989) . Recently, several cDNAs encoding neurotransmitter transporters were cloned . Only a few were shown to be neuronal, presumably acting in the classic reuptake systems (Clark et al ., 1992 ; Amara and Kuhar, 1993 ...
Differential Localization of G Protein βγ Subunits
... While previous studies have suggested specific isoforms may exhibit a wide range of distributions throughout the central nervous system, a thorough investigation of the expression patterns of both Gβ and Gγ isoforms within subcellular fractions has not been conducted. To address this, we applied a ta ...
... While previous studies have suggested specific isoforms may exhibit a wide range of distributions throughout the central nervous system, a thorough investigation of the expression patterns of both Gβ and Gγ isoforms within subcellular fractions has not been conducted. To address this, we applied a ta ...
Spinal Sensorimotor System: An Overview
... the biological example makes an appealing research pathway. The bipedal locomotion system we investigate would be “biomimetic” in the general sense of that word, rather than “biomimic” in the narrow sense of my use of that term. The purpose of this tech brief is to acquaint everyone with the general ...
... the biological example makes an appealing research pathway. The bipedal locomotion system we investigate would be “biomimetic” in the general sense of that word, rather than “biomimic” in the narrow sense of my use of that term. The purpose of this tech brief is to acquaint everyone with the general ...
Taste and Smell
... • different receptors respond preferentially to 1 of the 4 basic tastes • taste receptors are differentially distributed across the tongue • specific pathway theory -- nerve fiber responds to only one taste ...
... • different receptors respond preferentially to 1 of the 4 basic tastes • taste receptors are differentially distributed across the tongue • specific pathway theory -- nerve fiber responds to only one taste ...
Taste and Smell - Baldwin County Public Schools
... • different receptors respond preferentially to 1 of the 4 basic tastes • taste receptors are differentially distributed across the tongue • specific pathway theory -- nerve fiber responds to only one taste ...
... • different receptors respond preferentially to 1 of the 4 basic tastes • taste receptors are differentially distributed across the tongue • specific pathway theory -- nerve fiber responds to only one taste ...