MMNeuropharm2011
... adaptations at excitatory inputs onto DA neurons of the VTA. 24 h after cocaine injection the ratio of AMPA- versus NMDA (A/N) -mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) was significantly increased (Ungless et al., 2001). Since current amplitudes evoked by bath application of NMDA were not af ...
... adaptations at excitatory inputs onto DA neurons of the VTA. 24 h after cocaine injection the ratio of AMPA- versus NMDA (A/N) -mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) was significantly increased (Ungless et al., 2001). Since current amplitudes evoked by bath application of NMDA were not af ...
animal_responses_to_the_environment
... A receptor is stimulated by a change in the environment and produces impulses. Dendrites of a sensory neuron conduct these nerve impulses to the cell body. Nerve impulses are conducted from the cell body along a single axon to the terminal branches. Ends of terminal branches do not touch the dendrit ...
... A receptor is stimulated by a change in the environment and produces impulses. Dendrites of a sensory neuron conduct these nerve impulses to the cell body. Nerve impulses are conducted from the cell body along a single axon to the terminal branches. Ends of terminal branches do not touch the dendrit ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Important for the Manifestations ofα
... can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response (ERS/UPR), chronic ERS could contribute to neurodegeneration in ␣-synucleinopathy. Using the A53T mutant human ␣S transgenic (A53T␣S Tg) mouse model of ␣-synucleinopathy, we show that disease onset in the ␣S Tg model is coincident wi ...
... can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response (ERS/UPR), chronic ERS could contribute to neurodegeneration in ␣-synucleinopathy. Using the A53T mutant human ␣S transgenic (A53T␣S Tg) mouse model of ␣-synucleinopathy, we show that disease onset in the ␣S Tg model is coincident wi ...
Untitled
... produced rapid activation of GABAergic currents in neurons in brain slices with an axial resolution of approximately 2 µm and enabled high-resolution functional mapping of GABA-A receptors. The other caged GABA, when combined with an appropriate caged glutamate, allowed bimodal control of neuronal m ...
... produced rapid activation of GABAergic currents in neurons in brain slices with an axial resolution of approximately 2 µm and enabled high-resolution functional mapping of GABA-A receptors. The other caged GABA, when combined with an appropriate caged glutamate, allowed bimodal control of neuronal m ...
Untitled
... ingredients—like menthol, capsaicin, and wasabi extracts—that stimulate nerve cells to react just as they would in response to painful cold and heat, for example, or to inflammation and chemical irritants. Drawing on electrical recordings, imaging, molecular techniques, mouse models, and genetic stu ...
... ingredients—like menthol, capsaicin, and wasabi extracts—that stimulate nerve cells to react just as they would in response to painful cold and heat, for example, or to inflammation and chemical irritants. Drawing on electrical recordings, imaging, molecular techniques, mouse models, and genetic stu ...
The Basal Ganglia
... • “A general activational system, turned on to boost behavioural output in certain motivational situations”? Hypotheses of dorsal striatal function • The striatum is implicated in motor plasticity (procedural memory, ‘habits’); the striatum contains many NMDAR. • The “gain control” that the striatum ...
... • “A general activational system, turned on to boost behavioural output in certain motivational situations”? Hypotheses of dorsal striatal function • The striatum is implicated in motor plasticity (procedural memory, ‘habits’); the striatum contains many NMDAR. • The “gain control” that the striatum ...
Manuscript_text
... agonists) and 2-BFI (I2 receptor agonist) in the elevated plus maze (Taksande et al., 2010), suggesting that imidazoline binding site ligands may augment or act ...
... agonists) and 2-BFI (I2 receptor agonist) in the elevated plus maze (Taksande et al., 2010), suggesting that imidazoline binding site ligands may augment or act ...
Nociceptors: the sensors of the pain pathway
... electrical signals between periphery and spinal cord (or brainstem) follow a direct axonal pathway, thus reducing the risk of conduction failure (32). Nociceptors are excitatory neurons and release glutamate as their primary neurotransmitter as well as other components including peptides (e.g., subs ...
... electrical signals between periphery and spinal cord (or brainstem) follow a direct axonal pathway, thus reducing the risk of conduction failure (32). Nociceptors are excitatory neurons and release glutamate as their primary neurotransmitter as well as other components including peptides (e.g., subs ...
Neurons and Nervous Tissue
... Neurons communicate with other neurons or target cells at synapses. In a chemical synapse chemicals from a presynaptic cell induce changes in a postsynaptic cell. In an electrical synapse the action potential spreads directly to the postsynaptic cell. ...
... Neurons communicate with other neurons or target cells at synapses. In a chemical synapse chemicals from a presynaptic cell induce changes in a postsynaptic cell. In an electrical synapse the action potential spreads directly to the postsynaptic cell. ...
Experimental Models of Parkinson`s Disease: Insights from Many
... erties in the catecholaminergic nervous system (13–15). 6OHDA uses the same catecholamine transport system as do dopamine and norepinephrine, leading to specific damage via oxidative stress to these neurons (14). To be neurotoxic to the brain, 6-OHDA must be administered by intracerebral or intraven ...
... erties in the catecholaminergic nervous system (13–15). 6OHDA uses the same catecholamine transport system as do dopamine and norepinephrine, leading to specific damage via oxidative stress to these neurons (14). To be neurotoxic to the brain, 6-OHDA must be administered by intracerebral or intraven ...
Fine tuning of vestibular apparatus in terrestrial snail at Earth and
... weakening of existing memory or formation of a competing memory. In our study we analyzed the behavior and responses of identified neurons involved in the network underlying food-aversion associative learning in terrestrial snail Helix, and made an attempt to describe the conditions in which the ret ...
... weakening of existing memory or formation of a competing memory. In our study we analyzed the behavior and responses of identified neurons involved in the network underlying food-aversion associative learning in terrestrial snail Helix, and made an attempt to describe the conditions in which the ret ...
Optimization of neuronal cultures derived from human
... suggest that pre-synaptic responses are similar in active synapses between rat and iCell neurons. This suggests that the difference in MANTRA activity observed between rat and human neurons might reflect a difference in the total number of mature synapses/neurons present in the cultures. ...
... suggest that pre-synaptic responses are similar in active synapses between rat and iCell neurons. This suggests that the difference in MANTRA activity observed between rat and human neurons might reflect a difference in the total number of mature synapses/neurons present in the cultures. ...
Modulation of Cortical Activation and Behavioral Arousal by
... FIGURE 1. Cholinergic, orexinergic, and other neurons involved in sleep–wake state control. Sagittal schematic view of the rat brain depicting neurons with their chemical neurotransmitters and pathways by which they influence cortical activity or behavior across the sleep–wake cycle. Wake (W) is cha ...
... FIGURE 1. Cholinergic, orexinergic, and other neurons involved in sleep–wake state control. Sagittal schematic view of the rat brain depicting neurons with their chemical neurotransmitters and pathways by which they influence cortical activity or behavior across the sleep–wake cycle. Wake (W) is cha ...
Long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex and chronic
... try to avoid pain when it is possible. The study of pain is mainly driven by humans’ desire to avoid or control pain. The discovery of analgesic drugs such as opioids has greatly helped doctors to reduce the suffering of patients during and after surgery. However, while these drugs are effective for ...
... try to avoid pain when it is possible. The study of pain is mainly driven by humans’ desire to avoid or control pain. The discovery of analgesic drugs such as opioids has greatly helped doctors to reduce the suffering of patients during and after surgery. However, while these drugs are effective for ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... profile for the ventral subdivision of the DMH (DMV) where the leptin receptor is exclusively expressed (Zhang et al., 2011). Although the DMH-enriched genes identified in this study are only moderately changed by dietary manipulations (Lee et al., 2012), subsequent studies have proven the importanc ...
... profile for the ventral subdivision of the DMH (DMV) where the leptin receptor is exclusively expressed (Zhang et al., 2011). Although the DMH-enriched genes identified in this study are only moderately changed by dietary manipulations (Lee et al., 2012), subsequent studies have proven the importanc ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... Initially identified as a regulator of xenobiotic and drug metabolism and disposition, the pregnane X receptor (PXR) is also an important modulator of metabolic and inflammatory pathways at the hepatic and extrahepatic levels37 and is therefore a potential therapeutic target for NASH(Table 1). Upon ...
... Initially identified as a regulator of xenobiotic and drug metabolism and disposition, the pregnane X receptor (PXR) is also an important modulator of metabolic and inflammatory pathways at the hepatic and extrahepatic levels37 and is therefore a potential therapeutic target for NASH(Table 1). Upon ...
The elusive crypt olfactory receptor neuron
... and transduce signals through a cyclic AMP (cAMP) cascade that includes the G-protein Gαolf (Cao et al., 1998; Ngai et al., 1993). Homologous to mammalian VNO neurons, the shorter microvillous ORNs in the fish olfactory epithelium express V2R-like receptors molecules, the G-protein Gαo and possibly ...
... and transduce signals through a cyclic AMP (cAMP) cascade that includes the G-protein Gαolf (Cao et al., 1998; Ngai et al., 1993). Homologous to mammalian VNO neurons, the shorter microvillous ORNs in the fish olfactory epithelium express V2R-like receptors molecules, the G-protein Gαo and possibly ...
Banbury notes 05 - University of Illinois Archives
... DHPG effect is enhanced (on FMRP levels) by mGluR5 antagonists (inhibit degredation?) Very fast rise and fall of DHPG, decline blocked by MG132 (proteosome ihibitor) Very rapid synthesis and degredation Makes IJ’s finding even more interesting; only the fast effect occurs in WT; slow effect in KO co ...
... DHPG effect is enhanced (on FMRP levels) by mGluR5 antagonists (inhibit degredation?) Very fast rise and fall of DHPG, decline blocked by MG132 (proteosome ihibitor) Very rapid synthesis and degredation Makes IJ’s finding even more interesting; only the fast effect occurs in WT; slow effect in KO co ...
Life and Death of Neurons in the Aging Brain
... that the vast majority of humans older than 55 years have at least a few NF T or neurons in transition to NF T in layer II of the EC (3, 12–15). These individuals are likely to be asymptomatic with no obvious memory loss. Even the most rigorous analysis of neuron loss would not reveal the transition ...
... that the vast majority of humans older than 55 years have at least a few NF T or neurons in transition to NF T in layer II of the EC (3, 12–15). These individuals are likely to be asymptomatic with no obvious memory loss. Even the most rigorous analysis of neuron loss would not reveal the transition ...
Microinfusion of bupropion inhibits putative GABAergic ventral
... inhibits synaptic DA/NE reuptake, as well as it antagonize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These dual actions explain of its effects as an AD and smoke cessation (Dwoskin et al. 2006). Inhibition of DA reuptake, increase the synaptic availability of DA to presynaptic membrane autorecepto ...
... inhibits synaptic DA/NE reuptake, as well as it antagonize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These dual actions explain of its effects as an AD and smoke cessation (Dwoskin et al. 2006). Inhibition of DA reuptake, increase the synaptic availability of DA to presynaptic membrane autorecepto ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... in the TMN, noradrenergic neurons in the LC and serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe (DR) [7–9], and the presence of OX1R in the LC and OX2R in TMN and both receptors in the DR has been confirmed [6]. Consistent with this hypothesis, isolated cells from these nuclei are all activated by orexins ...
... in the TMN, noradrenergic neurons in the LC and serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe (DR) [7–9], and the presence of OX1R in the LC and OX2R in TMN and both receptors in the DR has been confirmed [6]. Consistent with this hypothesis, isolated cells from these nuclei are all activated by orexins ...
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
... postsynaptic receptors change with distance from the soma. Evidence from the goldfish Mauthner cell indicates that the size of postsynaptic glycine receptor clusters increases with distance from the soma [7]. In CA1 pyramidal neurons, experiments using local uncaging of caged glutamate have shown th ...
... postsynaptic receptors change with distance from the soma. Evidence from the goldfish Mauthner cell indicates that the size of postsynaptic glycine receptor clusters increases with distance from the soma [7]. In CA1 pyramidal neurons, experiments using local uncaging of caged glutamate have shown th ...
Morphological Changes in the Hippocampus Following Nicotine and
... the influence of intraperitoneal administration of nicotine (NIC), kainic acid (KA) and combination of both these substances on hippocampal neurons and their changes. In experiments, 35-day-old male rats of the Wistar strain were used. Animals were pretreated with 1 mg/kg of nicotine 30 min prior to ...
... the influence of intraperitoneal administration of nicotine (NIC), kainic acid (KA) and combination of both these substances on hippocampal neurons and their changes. In experiments, 35-day-old male rats of the Wistar strain were used. Animals were pretreated with 1 mg/kg of nicotine 30 min prior to ...
