Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
... are exceptions to this rule. For example, olfactory epithelium and some hippocampal regions contain stem cells that can produce new neurons throughout life. (The hippocampus is a brain region involved in memory.) 3. They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate and require continuous and abundant s ...
... are exceptions to this rule. For example, olfactory epithelium and some hippocampal regions contain stem cells that can produce new neurons throughout life. (The hippocampus is a brain region involved in memory.) 3. They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate and require continuous and abundant s ...
DOPAMINE
... neurotransmitter. When dopamine is either elevated or low – we can have focus issues such as not remembering where we put our keys, forgetting what a paragraph said when we just finished reading it or simply daydreaming and not being able to stay on ...
... neurotransmitter. When dopamine is either elevated or low – we can have focus issues such as not remembering where we put our keys, forgetting what a paragraph said when we just finished reading it or simply daydreaming and not being able to stay on ...
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... neurotransmitter. When dopamine is either elevated or low – we can have focus issues such as not remembering where we put our keys, forgetting what a paragraph said when we just finished reading it or simply daydreaming and not being able to stay on ...
... neurotransmitter. When dopamine is either elevated or low – we can have focus issues such as not remembering where we put our keys, forgetting what a paragraph said when we just finished reading it or simply daydreaming and not being able to stay on ...
Genetic Ablation of Orexin Neurons in Mice Results in Narcolepsy
... 1999). In contrast to monogenic murine and canine narcolepsy models, human narcolepsy is rarely familial, and may result from undefined environmental factors acting on a susceptible genetic background (Mignot, 1998). Recently, it was demonstrated that orexin-A was undetectable in the cerebrospinal f ...
... 1999). In contrast to monogenic murine and canine narcolepsy models, human narcolepsy is rarely familial, and may result from undefined environmental factors acting on a susceptible genetic background (Mignot, 1998). Recently, it was demonstrated that orexin-A was undetectable in the cerebrospinal f ...
Labeled lines meet and talk: population coding of somatic sensations
... innocuous cold range (25~28°C), defined in heterologous systems (33, 34). This threshold is lower than that of many human C2 fibers (> 30°C) (18). However, in vivo cold sensitivity of sensory neurons can be modulated by other factors, such as the expression of two potassium channels, TREK1 and TRAAK ...
... innocuous cold range (25~28°C), defined in heterologous systems (33, 34). This threshold is lower than that of many human C2 fibers (> 30°C) (18). However, in vivo cold sensitivity of sensory neurons can be modulated by other factors, such as the expression of two potassium channels, TREK1 and TRAAK ...
Multiarray silicon probes with integrated optical fibers
... studying the real-time dynamics of neural networks. Multiple-shank silicon probes enable large-scale monitoring of individual neurons. Optical stimulation of genetically targeted neurons expressing light-sensitive channels or other fast (milliseconds) actuators offers the means for controlled pertur ...
... studying the real-time dynamics of neural networks. Multiple-shank silicon probes enable large-scale monitoring of individual neurons. Optical stimulation of genetically targeted neurons expressing light-sensitive channels or other fast (milliseconds) actuators offers the means for controlled pertur ...
The Basal Ganglia Anatomy, Physiology, etc. Overview
... Striatal inhibition of the SNr‐GPi complex coupled with SNr‐GPi inhibition of the thalamus therefore results in a net reduction of inhibition of the thalamus via the striatum Thalamus projects excitatory glutamatergic neurons to the cortex itself. The direct pathway, therefore, results in the exci ...
... Striatal inhibition of the SNr‐GPi complex coupled with SNr‐GPi inhibition of the thalamus therefore results in a net reduction of inhibition of the thalamus via the striatum Thalamus projects excitatory glutamatergic neurons to the cortex itself. The direct pathway, therefore, results in the exci ...
Full text article
... modulating seasonal reproduction. In fact, in mammals, an environmental photoperiod is transduced by a photoneuroendocrine system composed of the retina, the suprachiasmic nucleus, and the pineal gland (Goldman 2001). The last of these releases the hormone melatonin exclusively at night so that the ...
... modulating seasonal reproduction. In fact, in mammals, an environmental photoperiod is transduced by a photoneuroendocrine system composed of the retina, the suprachiasmic nucleus, and the pineal gland (Goldman 2001). The last of these releases the hormone melatonin exclusively at night so that the ...
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency increases fatty acid oxidation
... activity of SCD1 in liver (6). Ob兾ob mice with SCD1 mutations were significantly less obese than ob兾ob controls and had markedly increased energy expenditure with reduced triglyceride storage in liver (6). SCD1 is therefore a component of the novel metabolic response to leptin signaling, and SCD1 re ...
... activity of SCD1 in liver (6). Ob兾ob mice with SCD1 mutations were significantly less obese than ob兾ob controls and had markedly increased energy expenditure with reduced triglyceride storage in liver (6). SCD1 is therefore a component of the novel metabolic response to leptin signaling, and SCD1 re ...
Lentivirus-based genetic manipulations of cortical neurons and their
... activity in vivo in comparison with the shorter constructs. This finding underscores the importance of testing different-length promoter fragments in the lentiviral vectors. Because Synapsin I expression peaks between the second and third postnatal week (17), the Synapsin I-based vectors may be suit ...
... activity in vivo in comparison with the shorter constructs. This finding underscores the importance of testing different-length promoter fragments in the lentiviral vectors. Because Synapsin I expression peaks between the second and third postnatal week (17), the Synapsin I-based vectors may be suit ...
Muscles
... • Botulinum toxin is produced by bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The toxin is a two-chain polypeptide with a heavy chain joined by a disulphide bond to a light chain. • The light chain is a protease that attacks one of the fusion proteins at a neuromuscular junction, preventing vesicles from anchor ...
... • Botulinum toxin is produced by bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The toxin is a two-chain polypeptide with a heavy chain joined by a disulphide bond to a light chain. • The light chain is a protease that attacks one of the fusion proteins at a neuromuscular junction, preventing vesicles from anchor ...
Optogenetics in a transparent animal: circuit function in the larval
... driven behavior [5] such as the optokinetic response (OKR) where objects moving across the visual field evoke stereotyped tracking eye movements [6], the optomotor response (OMR) where larvae turn and swim in the direction of perceived whole-field visual motion [7], prey tracking and capture [8–11], ...
... driven behavior [5] such as the optokinetic response (OKR) where objects moving across the visual field evoke stereotyped tracking eye movements [6], the optomotor response (OMR) where larvae turn and swim in the direction of perceived whole-field visual motion [7], prey tracking and capture [8–11], ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... oxytocin and endorphin release in rodents (Uvänas-Moberg et al. 2005). To the best of our knowledge, it would seem that no other sensory fiber type is as well adapted to an affective-motivational role as the C-low threshold mechanoreceptor (C-LTMR). It appears that the survival benefits of prosocial ...
... oxytocin and endorphin release in rodents (Uvänas-Moberg et al. 2005). To the best of our knowledge, it would seem that no other sensory fiber type is as well adapted to an affective-motivational role as the C-low threshold mechanoreceptor (C-LTMR). It appears that the survival benefits of prosocial ...
PAIN CONTROL THEORIES
... Pain Perceptions – based on expectations, past experience, anxiety, suggestions – Affective – one’s emotional factors that can affect pain experience – Behavioral – how one expresses or controls pain – Cognitive – one’s beliefs (attitudes) about pain ...
... Pain Perceptions – based on expectations, past experience, anxiety, suggestions – Affective – one’s emotional factors that can affect pain experience – Behavioral – how one expresses or controls pain – Cognitive – one’s beliefs (attitudes) about pain ...
Lecture 12
... • chemicals released in body to block release or uptake of neurotransmitters transmitting pain sensations to brain ...
... • chemicals released in body to block release or uptake of neurotransmitters transmitting pain sensations to brain ...
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... Mammalian tachykinins comprise a family of peptides with a common carboxyl terminal amide motif (Patacchini et al., 2004). Substance P (SP), a representative family member, is mainly distributed throughout the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system in primates as well as rodents, servi ...
... Mammalian tachykinins comprise a family of peptides with a common carboxyl terminal amide motif (Patacchini et al., 2004). Substance P (SP), a representative family member, is mainly distributed throughout the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system in primates as well as rodents, servi ...
Neuropilin-2 Regulates the Development of Select Cranial and
... sequences appear to be localized to an intracellular compartment rather than presented on the cell surface, apparently due to sequences within the targeting vector (Skarnes et al., 1995). Second, the MAM domain of neuropilin-1 has been shown to be essential for its function as a functional semaphori ...
... sequences appear to be localized to an intracellular compartment rather than presented on the cell surface, apparently due to sequences within the targeting vector (Skarnes et al., 1995). Second, the MAM domain of neuropilin-1 has been shown to be essential for its function as a functional semaphori ...
Activity Regulates the Synaptic Localization of the NMDA Receptor
... postsynaptic membrane of spiny excitatory sites in adult brain (Petralia et al., 1994a, 1994b; Siegel et al., 1994; Johnson et al., 1996) as well as at extrasynaptic plasma membrane in neonatal cortex (Aoki et al., 1994). Doublelabel immunolocalization with antibodies against NR1 and AMPA-type gluta ...
... postsynaptic membrane of spiny excitatory sites in adult brain (Petralia et al., 1994a, 1994b; Siegel et al., 1994; Johnson et al., 1996) as well as at extrasynaptic plasma membrane in neonatal cortex (Aoki et al., 1994). Doublelabel immunolocalization with antibodies against NR1 and AMPA-type gluta ...
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... addition, various investigators consider that classical neural networks may not be able to explain a range of brain functions (Rosenblatt, 1961; von der Malsburg, 1986, 1999; Fodor and Pylyshyn, 1988). Even though binding by neural synchrony (Legendy, 1970; Milner, 1974; von der Malsburg, 1981) has ...
... addition, various investigators consider that classical neural networks may not be able to explain a range of brain functions (Rosenblatt, 1961; von der Malsburg, 1986, 1999; Fodor and Pylyshyn, 1988). Even though binding by neural synchrony (Legendy, 1970; Milner, 1974; von der Malsburg, 1981) has ...
Neuronal Competition and Selection During Memory Formation
... may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we manipulated the function of CREB (adenosine 3´,5´-monophosphate response element–binding protei ...
... may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we manipulated the function of CREB (adenosine 3´,5´-monophosphate response element–binding protei ...
A STUDY OF PRO- AND ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE FACTORS IN A MODEL... ASSOCIATED VISCERAL PAIN by Jessica Rose Benson
... This thesis examined whether neuroanatomical remodeling of DRG central nerve terminals underlies pro-nociceptive signaling and whether subsets of immune cells source the anti-nociceptive factor, β-endorphin. To examine pro-nociceptive mechanisms, acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse ...
... This thesis examined whether neuroanatomical remodeling of DRG central nerve terminals underlies pro-nociceptive signaling and whether subsets of immune cells source the anti-nociceptive factor, β-endorphin. To examine pro-nociceptive mechanisms, acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... the hypothalamus to release their peptide simultaneously is phasic and synchronous activation (Wilson et al. 1984). The location of the neurons and their neurotransmitter qualities involved in the induction of phasic and synchronous activation of GnRH neurons is largely unknown. In the rat, the peri ...
... the hypothalamus to release their peptide simultaneously is phasic and synchronous activation (Wilson et al. 1984). The location of the neurons and their neurotransmitter qualities involved in the induction of phasic and synchronous activation of GnRH neurons is largely unknown. In the rat, the peri ...