MECHANISMS OF VERTEBRATE SYNAPTOGENESIS
... superfamilies, during initial contact between axons and dendrites (B). The presence of a second group of CAMs, such as SynCAM and Neuroligin (NL), at these contact sites is then thought to induce the formation of presynaptic active zones (C). In this regard, the adhesive CAMs are likely to work in s ...
... superfamilies, during initial contact between axons and dendrites (B). The presence of a second group of CAMs, such as SynCAM and Neuroligin (NL), at these contact sites is then thought to induce the formation of presynaptic active zones (C). In this regard, the adhesive CAMs are likely to work in s ...
Cerebellar Abnormalities Based on Chemical Neuroanatomy
... fully evident, an increased postsynaptic Ca2+ influx is known to induce the long-term depression (LTD) of GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in deep cerebellar neurons [27]. Therefore, an increased expression of the Cav2.1 channel may compensate for the altered function of this channel an ...
... fully evident, an increased postsynaptic Ca2+ influx is known to induce the long-term depression (LTD) of GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in deep cerebellar neurons [27]. Therefore, an increased expression of the Cav2.1 channel may compensate for the altered function of this channel an ...
The Nervous System
... – Collections of neuron cell bodies are found in centers, or nuclei – Neural cortex is a thick layer of gray matter – White matter in the CNS is formed by bundles of axons called tracts, and in the spinal cord, form columns – Pathways are either sensory or ascending tracts, or motor or descending tr ...
... – Collections of neuron cell bodies are found in centers, or nuclei – Neural cortex is a thick layer of gray matter – White matter in the CNS is formed by bundles of axons called tracts, and in the spinal cord, form columns – Pathways are either sensory or ascending tracts, or motor or descending tr ...
Chapter 20
... iii. In the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, axons of both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons form tangled networks called autonomic plexuses, many of which lie along major arteries that they are named after; examples include the cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac (solar) plexus, superior and ...
... iii. In the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, axons of both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons form tangled networks called autonomic plexuses, many of which lie along major arteries that they are named after; examples include the cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac (solar) plexus, superior and ...
- JCI Insight
... Supplemental Figure 4: Generation of the human sADAM33 double transgenic (Ccsp/ADAM33) mouse model. (A) Diagram of the full length ADAM33 protein domain structure, the corresponding mRNA exonic structure and the cDNA used for cloning sADAM33 which contains the signal sequence (SS), pro-domain (PRO) ...
... Supplemental Figure 4: Generation of the human sADAM33 double transgenic (Ccsp/ADAM33) mouse model. (A) Diagram of the full length ADAM33 protein domain structure, the corresponding mRNA exonic structure and the cDNA used for cloning sADAM33 which contains the signal sequence (SS), pro-domain (PRO) ...
Document
... characterize excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons in the human gastric sling and clasp fibers, their location, structure, responses, and how they affect that area of the body and potential complications that may arise there. Often times, there is a discrepancy with the cell signaling that takes p ...
... characterize excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons in the human gastric sling and clasp fibers, their location, structure, responses, and how they affect that area of the body and potential complications that may arise there. Often times, there is a discrepancy with the cell signaling that takes p ...
A second enzyme protecting mineralocorticoid receptors from
... (20). 11-Dehydrocorticosterone (32) and 11b-hydroxy3a,5b-tetrahydroprogesterone are strong inhibitors of 11b-HSD2 (21). These agents all confer Na1 retention on glucocorticoids in adrenalectomized rat (20, 21). Although there is abundant evidence to support the hypothesis that 11b-HSD functions as a ...
... (20). 11-Dehydrocorticosterone (32) and 11b-hydroxy3a,5b-tetrahydroprogesterone are strong inhibitors of 11b-HSD2 (21). These agents all confer Na1 retention on glucocorticoids in adrenalectomized rat (20, 21). Although there is abundant evidence to support the hypothesis that 11b-HSD functions as a ...
Glutamate Receptors Form Hot Spots on Apical Dendrites of
... (Kunz et al. 1972). Up to four restricted areas of high sensitivity (hot spots) were found at dendritic regions 80 – 600 m from the soma (Figs. 2, A and B, 3, and 5B). An electrophysiological hot spot was defined as having a response to glutamate, under conditions where voltage-dependent Na⫹ and Ca ...
... (Kunz et al. 1972). Up to four restricted areas of high sensitivity (hot spots) were found at dendritic regions 80 – 600 m from the soma (Figs. 2, A and B, 3, and 5B). An electrophysiological hot spot was defined as having a response to glutamate, under conditions where voltage-dependent Na⫹ and Ca ...
The Roles of Excitatory Amino Acids and Cytokines in Morphine
... attenuated the morphine-evoked EAA release in morphinetolerant rats [28, 29]. These findings suggest that amitriptyline produced prevention of morphine tolerance might result from a reduction in spinal EAA release. Glutamate mediates its actions through two types of receptor, metabotropic glutamate ...
... attenuated the morphine-evoked EAA release in morphinetolerant rats [28, 29]. These findings suggest that amitriptyline produced prevention of morphine tolerance might result from a reduction in spinal EAA release. Glutamate mediates its actions through two types of receptor, metabotropic glutamate ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... Sympathetic system - prepares the body for intense activity. Causes an increase in blood pressure, the release of energy-rich sugar into the blood, and the shutting down of activities not related to the body’s preparation to “fight or flee” in response to stress. ...
... Sympathetic system - prepares the body for intense activity. Causes an increase in blood pressure, the release of energy-rich sugar into the blood, and the shutting down of activities not related to the body’s preparation to “fight or flee” in response to stress. ...
Olfaction
... an odorant following exposure to another odorant q Presumed to occur because the two odors share one or more olfactory receptors for their transduction, but the order of odorants also plays a role ...
... an odorant following exposure to another odorant q Presumed to occur because the two odors share one or more olfactory receptors for their transduction, but the order of odorants also plays a role ...
Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous
... efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. • 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. • 15-3 Identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they fun ...
... efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. • 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. • 15-3 Identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they fun ...
Vomeronasal Function - Oxford Academic
... Matsunami and Buck, 1997; Ryba and Tirindelli, 1997). The further steps of possible transduction cascades linked to these putative receptors and the G-proteins are not yet known. In non-mammalian vertebrates, and recently in mammalian preparations, there is accumulating evidence for an IP3-mediated ...
... Matsunami and Buck, 1997; Ryba and Tirindelli, 1997). The further steps of possible transduction cascades linked to these putative receptors and the G-proteins are not yet known. In non-mammalian vertebrates, and recently in mammalian preparations, there is accumulating evidence for an IP3-mediated ...
Unit 12 ~ Learning Guide Name
... called _____________________________________. These substances are stored in vesicles at the end of the axon. ___________________________________________________ ___________________ and ____________________________________________ _________________________ are examples of neurotransmitters. When an ...
... called _____________________________________. These substances are stored in vesicles at the end of the axon. ___________________________________________________ ___________________ and ____________________________________________ _________________________ are examples of neurotransmitters. When an ...
The Endocrine System
... communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems. ...
... communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems. ...
- Princeton University
... abolishes or alters several forms of neural dynamics, such as persistent activity (Major and Tank, 2004). Currently, the chief impediment for TPM in awake, behaving mice is the relative motion between the brain and microscope that is typically associated with animal movements. There are two general ...
... abolishes or alters several forms of neural dynamics, such as persistent activity (Major and Tank, 2004). Currently, the chief impediment for TPM in awake, behaving mice is the relative motion between the brain and microscope that is typically associated with animal movements. There are two general ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... cells in rats. Projections from the lateral septum, preoptic area, BST, and posterior hypothalamus were identified. Interestingly, it was shown that hypothalamic regions preferentially innervate orexin neurons in the medial and perifornical parts of the field, and that most projections from the brai ...
... cells in rats. Projections from the lateral septum, preoptic area, BST, and posterior hypothalamus were identified. Interestingly, it was shown that hypothalamic regions preferentially innervate orexin neurons in the medial and perifornical parts of the field, and that most projections from the brai ...
Uncaging Compunds: - Florida State University
... – Action potentials (Aps) propegate though the axonal arbor and where axons and dendrites overlap in the neuropil a synapse sometimes forms, and synaptic transmission occurs when APs reaches the synapse. – Action potentials invade the presynaptic terminal causing glutamate to be released and then to ...
... – Action potentials (Aps) propegate though the axonal arbor and where axons and dendrites overlap in the neuropil a synapse sometimes forms, and synaptic transmission occurs when APs reaches the synapse. – Action potentials invade the presynaptic terminal causing glutamate to be released and then to ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... synapses in V1 can be influenced by various neuromodulators. For example, in vitro studies suggest that serotonin lowers the amount of NMDA-dependent LTP that can be obtained in slices of V1 (Edagawa et al., 2001; Kim et al., 2006). In contrast, acetylcholine (ACh) has been shown to facilitate LTP i ...
... synapses in V1 can be influenced by various neuromodulators. For example, in vitro studies suggest that serotonin lowers the amount of NMDA-dependent LTP that can be obtained in slices of V1 (Edagawa et al., 2001; Kim et al., 2006). In contrast, acetylcholine (ACh) has been shown to facilitate LTP i ...
Lecture 6 th week
... 3. reflex mechanisms. Irritant receptors • Irritant receptors are myelinated vagal afferent nerve endings which are located in the large airways like trachea up to respiratory bronchiole. • Stimulation: The irritant receptors are stimulated by smoke, chemicals, or mechanical irritants. ...
... 3. reflex mechanisms. Irritant receptors • Irritant receptors are myelinated vagal afferent nerve endings which are located in the large airways like trachea up to respiratory bronchiole. • Stimulation: The irritant receptors are stimulated by smoke, chemicals, or mechanical irritants. ...
Opposing roles for dopamine and serotonin in the modulation of
... neurochemicals have been investigated in terms of their inhibitory or excitatory effects on postsynaptic cells and/or their inhibitory or excitatory effects on specific behaviors (Spoont, 1992). For example, DA appears generally to inhibit the activity of postsynaptic target cells but to facilitate ...
... neurochemicals have been investigated in terms of their inhibitory or excitatory effects on postsynaptic cells and/or their inhibitory or excitatory effects on specific behaviors (Spoont, 1992). For example, DA appears generally to inhibit the activity of postsynaptic target cells but to facilitate ...
Synaptic Neurotransmission and the Anatomically Addressed
... originally discovered apoptosis coined that term to rhyme with necrosis; it also means literally a "falling off," as the petals fall off a flower or the leaves fall from a tree. The machinery of cell death involves a set of genes that stand ever ready to cause self-destruction if activated. Dozens o ...
... originally discovered apoptosis coined that term to rhyme with necrosis; it also means literally a "falling off," as the petals fall off a flower or the leaves fall from a tree. The machinery of cell death involves a set of genes that stand ever ready to cause self-destruction if activated. Dozens o ...
Molecular Basis for Induction of Ocular Dominance
... and LTP have been studied in the visual cortex of visually deprived animals (stimulating layer IV or the white matter, and recording synaptic responses in layer III). A consistent finding is that LTD magnitude is reduced in animals that have been binocularly deprived (by dark-rearing) (Kirkwood et a ...
... and LTP have been studied in the visual cortex of visually deprived animals (stimulating layer IV or the white matter, and recording synaptic responses in layer III). A consistent finding is that LTD magnitude is reduced in animals that have been binocularly deprived (by dark-rearing) (Kirkwood et a ...
Chap016, Chapter 16: Autonomic Nervous System
... Answer: You would probably have an increase in sympathetic activity resulting in increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, sweating, vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels causing the skin to be cold, increased metabolism, dilated bronchi, more glucose released into the blood, and a decr ...
... Answer: You would probably have an increase in sympathetic activity resulting in increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, sweating, vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels causing the skin to be cold, increased metabolism, dilated bronchi, more glucose released into the blood, and a decr ...