From Lesions to Leptin: Review Hypothalamic Control of Food
... and that portion of the lateral hypothalamic area ventral to it, and probably also the ventral premammillary nuclei. Conversely, Hetherington and Ranson noted that lesions in the adjacent lateral hypothalamus could lead to decreased food intake (Hetherington and Ranson, 1940; Stevenson, 1970). Anand ...
... and that portion of the lateral hypothalamic area ventral to it, and probably also the ventral premammillary nuclei. Conversely, Hetherington and Ranson noted that lesions in the adjacent lateral hypothalamus could lead to decreased food intake (Hetherington and Ranson, 1940; Stevenson, 1970). Anand ...
Emerging role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of
... dopaminergic neurons in the VTA to suppress feeding.31 Conversely, hedonic feeding can override satiety signals. Mice lacking the D2 receptor are more sensitive to leptin.32 Brain regulation of energy expenditure The brain modulates various processes that consume energy, such as locomotor activity, ...
... dopaminergic neurons in the VTA to suppress feeding.31 Conversely, hedonic feeding can override satiety signals. Mice lacking the D2 receptor are more sensitive to leptin.32 Brain regulation of energy expenditure The brain modulates various processes that consume energy, such as locomotor activity, ...
Somatic and Special Senses
... http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_02/d_02_m/d_02_m_vis/d_02_m_vis_1a.jpg ...
... http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_02/d_02_m/d_02_m_vis/d_02_m_vis_1a.jpg ...
Neuregulin-1/ErbB4 signaling regulates Kv4.2-mediated - AJP-Cell
... enhanced the IA density. The data obtained from 92 neurons showed that incubation of CGNs with 1 or 10 nM NRG-1 for 24 h increased the current density by 22.5 ⫾ 3.1% (n ⫽ 44) or 29.5 ⫾ 3.9% (n ⫽ 48), respectively (Fig. 1A). NRG-1, however, did not affect the IA amplitude of CGNs when applied acutely ...
... enhanced the IA density. The data obtained from 92 neurons showed that incubation of CGNs with 1 or 10 nM NRG-1 for 24 h increased the current density by 22.5 ⫾ 3.1% (n ⫽ 44) or 29.5 ⫾ 3.9% (n ⫽ 48), respectively (Fig. 1A). NRG-1, however, did not affect the IA amplitude of CGNs when applied acutely ...
ABSTRACT BOOK CHAMPALIMAUD NEUROSCIENCE
... between individual nerve cells. Synapses can be modulated in their strength by a variety of different mechanisms. We have investigated a number of these mechanisms, ranging from homeostatic control of synaptic efficacy to morphological manifestations of synaptic strengthening or weakening, and the r ...
... between individual nerve cells. Synapses can be modulated in their strength by a variety of different mechanisms. We have investigated a number of these mechanisms, ranging from homeostatic control of synaptic efficacy to morphological manifestations of synaptic strengthening or weakening, and the r ...
NEUROTRANSMISSION
... Information is constantly exchanged between the brain and other parts of the body by both electrical and chemical impulses. A cell called a neuron is responsible for carrying this information. The human brain is made up of 100 billion neurons. A neuron has three main parts. The cell body directs all ...
... Information is constantly exchanged between the brain and other parts of the body by both electrical and chemical impulses. A cell called a neuron is responsible for carrying this information. The human brain is made up of 100 billion neurons. A neuron has three main parts. The cell body directs all ...
Loss of cell adhesion molecule CHL1 improves homeostatic
... from CHL1 / mice and wild-type littermates under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. There were no significant differences in the baseline sinus nerve discharge between CHL1 / and wild-type littermates under normoxia condition. When the superfusion solution was switched to the hypoxic solution ...
... from CHL1 / mice and wild-type littermates under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. There were no significant differences in the baseline sinus nerve discharge between CHL1 / and wild-type littermates under normoxia condition. When the superfusion solution was switched to the hypoxic solution ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 12.1 Glycolysis (Embden
... neurotransmitter pool in neurons. Glutamine, formed from glutamate in a reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthase (GS), is released by astrocytes and taken up by neurons, which convert it into glutamate under the action of glutaminase. GS is an enzyme selectively localized in astrocytes. This metabol ...
... neurotransmitter pool in neurons. Glutamine, formed from glutamate in a reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthase (GS), is released by astrocytes and taken up by neurons, which convert it into glutamate under the action of glutaminase. GS is an enzyme selectively localized in astrocytes. This metabol ...
Denes et al. 2007 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
... Our revised scenario, that the ancestral role of Bmp signalling was to promote sensory over motor neuron fates, rather than a general antineurogenic effect, fits well with the actual distribution of motor and sensory neurons in many invertebrates, where it appears to be the rule rather than the exce ...
... Our revised scenario, that the ancestral role of Bmp signalling was to promote sensory over motor neuron fates, rather than a general antineurogenic effect, fits well with the actual distribution of motor and sensory neurons in many invertebrates, where it appears to be the rule rather than the exce ...
Jeopardy
... cause the side effect of sweating, ironically it may be helpful to perimenopausal women with this ...
... cause the side effect of sweating, ironically it may be helpful to perimenopausal women with this ...
allosteric inhibition
... the slope (KM/Vmax), and the Y-intercept (1/Vmax) of the Lineweaver-Burk plot increase (see figure 5.11). The KI ('s) are determined as above by replotting the slope and intercept values vs. [I]. • Vmax is decreased: At high levels of substrate the inhibitor is still bound. • KM is increased: Higher ...
... the slope (KM/Vmax), and the Y-intercept (1/Vmax) of the Lineweaver-Burk plot increase (see figure 5.11). The KI ('s) are determined as above by replotting the slope and intercept values vs. [I]. • Vmax is decreased: At high levels of substrate the inhibitor is still bound. • KM is increased: Higher ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... Place the pink impulse card on the neuron and move it along the axon to the terminal branches. When the impulse reaches the terminal branches, the receiving neuron becomes a sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives ...
... Place the pink impulse card on the neuron and move it along the axon to the terminal branches. When the impulse reaches the terminal branches, the receiving neuron becomes a sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... Place the pink impulse card on the neuron and move it along the axon to the terminal branches. When the impulse reaches the terminal branches, the receiving neuron becomes a sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives ...
... Place the pink impulse card on the neuron and move it along the axon to the terminal branches. When the impulse reaches the terminal branches, the receiving neuron becomes a sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives ...
Vesicle-Mediated Transport and Release of
... Whenever neurons in the CNS are injured, microglia become activated. In addition to local activation, microglia remote from the primary lesion site are stimulated. Because this so-called secondary activation of microglia is instrumental for long-term changes after neuronal injury, it is important to ...
... Whenever neurons in the CNS are injured, microglia become activated. In addition to local activation, microglia remote from the primary lesion site are stimulated. Because this so-called secondary activation of microglia is instrumental for long-term changes after neuronal injury, it is important to ...
Answers to the Editor`s and Reviewers` Comments
... in lung of HDM-instilled mice. Numbers of total cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in BAL fluids of HDM-instilled mice were increased significantly compared to the numbers of saline-instilled mice administered drug vehicle (SV). The increase in numbers of these cells, especially eosino ...
... in lung of HDM-instilled mice. Numbers of total cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in BAL fluids of HDM-instilled mice were increased significantly compared to the numbers of saline-instilled mice administered drug vehicle (SV). The increase in numbers of these cells, especially eosino ...
Pain relief produces negative reinforcement through activation of
... the NAc. Thus, pain relief reward appears to share many similarities with appetitive rewards. However, as indicated by our findings with VTA naloxone, activation of a reward circuit by pain relief does not appear to involve an endogenous opioid system in the VTA, suggesting that there may be importan ...
... the NAc. Thus, pain relief reward appears to share many similarities with appetitive rewards. However, as indicated by our findings with VTA naloxone, activation of a reward circuit by pain relief does not appear to involve an endogenous opioid system in the VTA, suggesting that there may be importan ...
Gene for Pain Modulatory Neuropeptide NPFF
... MO)-coated glass slides and stored at 270°C until used. High specific activity RNA probes were generated from the full-length NPFFcDNA cloned in PGEM-3Z using the Riboprobe Combination System kit (Promega, Madison WI) in combination with T7 RNA polymerase (Promega) and [35S]UTP (ICN, Costa Mease, CA ...
... MO)-coated glass slides and stored at 270°C until used. High specific activity RNA probes were generated from the full-length NPFFcDNA cloned in PGEM-3Z using the Riboprobe Combination System kit (Promega, Madison WI) in combination with T7 RNA polymerase (Promega) and [35S]UTP (ICN, Costa Mease, CA ...
Integrate-and-Fire Neurons and Networks
... to external signals. The network activity may explode or die away. Neurons may spontaneously develop a tendency to fire synchronously or in groups. All of these phenomena which can potentially be the basis of various coding schemes, can be understood from an analysis of equations (6) - (10). Some of ...
... to external signals. The network activity may explode or die away. Neurons may spontaneously develop a tendency to fire synchronously or in groups. All of these phenomena which can potentially be the basis of various coding schemes, can be understood from an analysis of equations (6) - (10). Some of ...
Nervous System I
... The nervous system oversees all that we do and largely determines who we are. Through a vast communicating network of cells and the information that they send and receive, the nervous system can detect changes in the body, make decisions, and stimulate muscles or glands to respond. Typically, these ...
... The nervous system oversees all that we do and largely determines who we are. Through a vast communicating network of cells and the information that they send and receive, the nervous system can detect changes in the body, make decisions, and stimulate muscles or glands to respond. Typically, these ...
Pain Take Home Messages
... 1. Many types of pain may be reduced by cannabinoids a. Endogenous cannabinoids include 2-arachydonoyl glycerol (2AG) and anandaminde (AEA) i. Lipid neurotransmitters that are synthesized on demand (activity-dependent) ii. Endocannabinoids are predominately made postsynaptically and delivered to the ...
... 1. Many types of pain may be reduced by cannabinoids a. Endogenous cannabinoids include 2-arachydonoyl glycerol (2AG) and anandaminde (AEA) i. Lipid neurotransmitters that are synthesized on demand (activity-dependent) ii. Endocannabinoids are predominately made postsynaptically and delivered to the ...
Case 26 The Role of Specific Amino Acids in the Peptide Hormone
... Glucagon is a 29-amino acid peptide hormone secreted by the pancreatic "-cells in response to low glucose concentrations. Its primary amino acid sequence is shown in Table 26.1. Glucagon acts primarily on the liver where binding to specific extracellular receptors stimulates glycogenolysis and gluco ...
... Glucagon is a 29-amino acid peptide hormone secreted by the pancreatic "-cells in response to low glucose concentrations. Its primary amino acid sequence is shown in Table 26.1. Glucagon acts primarily on the liver where binding to specific extracellular receptors stimulates glycogenolysis and gluco ...
vocabulary - anatomy and physiology one
... Name the various regions innervated by the vagus nerve. Explain why the accessory nerve is different from all the other cranial nerves. Name the foramen the spinal portion of the accessory nerve must pass through to reach the brain and join the cranial portion. Name the foramen the accessory nerve m ...
... Name the various regions innervated by the vagus nerve. Explain why the accessory nerve is different from all the other cranial nerves. Name the foramen the spinal portion of the accessory nerve must pass through to reach the brain and join the cranial portion. Name the foramen the accessory nerve m ...
Dopamine`s Actions in Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... from area 7 of the parietal association cortex. Pyramidal cells in deep layer III interconnect on spines via NMDAR synapses, including those with NR2B subunits. The spatial tuning of these neurons is enhanced by lateral inhibition from GABAergic interneurons. Delay cells are modulated by DA D1/5R, b ...
... from area 7 of the parietal association cortex. Pyramidal cells in deep layer III interconnect on spines via NMDAR synapses, including those with NR2B subunits. The spatial tuning of these neurons is enhanced by lateral inhibition from GABAergic interneurons. Delay cells are modulated by DA D1/5R, b ...