Taste and Smell
... • different receptors respond preferentially to 1 of the 4 basic tastes • taste receptors are differentially distributed across the tongue • specific pathway theory -- nerve fiber responds to only one taste ...
... • different receptors respond preferentially to 1 of the 4 basic tastes • taste receptors are differentially distributed across the tongue • specific pathway theory -- nerve fiber responds to only one taste ...
New Concepts of the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Gonadotropin
... estrogen act to render a neural pathway patent? A conventional view holds that steroid hormones can exert permissive effects on signaling efficacy by modulating neurotransmitter receptor expression, intracellular second messenger production, and protein kinase activity. However, recent evidence has ...
... estrogen act to render a neural pathway patent? A conventional view holds that steroid hormones can exert permissive effects on signaling efficacy by modulating neurotransmitter receptor expression, intracellular second messenger production, and protein kinase activity. However, recent evidence has ...
Modeling stability in neuron and network function: the role of activity
... is, neurons that are generating single spikes followed by a sustained plateau phase. Although the voltage trajectories of these three model neurons are quite similar, they vary dramatically in their conductance densities: neuron 1 has a high Naþ conductance and a low delayed rectifier Kþ conductance ...
... is, neurons that are generating single spikes followed by a sustained plateau phase. Although the voltage trajectories of these three model neurons are quite similar, they vary dramatically in their conductance densities: neuron 1 has a high Naþ conductance and a low delayed rectifier Kþ conductance ...
Large-Scale Fluorescence Calcium-Imaging
... To complement the new approaches for perturbing circuits, neuroscientists also need improved observational methods for probing the neural representations the mammalian brain uses normally for memory processing and storage. In many cases, these representations appear to be distributed over large netw ...
... To complement the new approaches for perturbing circuits, neuroscientists also need improved observational methods for probing the neural representations the mammalian brain uses normally for memory processing and storage. In many cases, these representations appear to be distributed over large netw ...
a14b NeuroPhysII
... Ca2+ 3 Ca2+ entry causes neurotransmittercontaining synaptic vesicles to release their contents by exocytosis. ...
... Ca2+ 3 Ca2+ entry causes neurotransmittercontaining synaptic vesicles to release their contents by exocytosis. ...
Subthalamic Stimulation-Induced Synaptic Responses in Substantia
... local infusions of muscimol, less than one-fourth of the dopaminergic neurons recorded showed the expected decrease in firing rate, whereas approximately half showed excitation and the remainder a biphasic or no effect. In contrast, 8 of 10 nondopaminergic pars reticulata neurons were inhibited. Mor ...
... local infusions of muscimol, less than one-fourth of the dopaminergic neurons recorded showed the expected decrease in firing rate, whereas approximately half showed excitation and the remainder a biphasic or no effect. In contrast, 8 of 10 nondopaminergic pars reticulata neurons were inhibited. Mor ...
5-Autonomic Nervous System
... In anatomy nothing is random. The location of the ganglia is related to its function. ...
... In anatomy nothing is random. The location of the ganglia is related to its function. ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... activation of local interneurons in response to synchronous activation of a large number of cortical cells. Third, these biases may be a consequence of stimulation of competing output pathways, projecting to target areas with different functional roles. Consistent with this third possibility, stimul ...
... activation of local interneurons in response to synchronous activation of a large number of cortical cells. Third, these biases may be a consequence of stimulation of competing output pathways, projecting to target areas with different functional roles. Consistent with this third possibility, stimul ...
Cation-Chloride Cotransporters and Neuronal Function
... Ion trafficking across biological membranes is mediated by channels and transporters, and these two types of molecules form the basis of electrical signaling in the nervous system. However, the volume of research on voltage- and ligand-gated channels is orders of magnitude higher than what has been ...
... Ion trafficking across biological membranes is mediated by channels and transporters, and these two types of molecules form the basis of electrical signaling in the nervous system. However, the volume of research on voltage- and ligand-gated channels is orders of magnitude higher than what has been ...
The Role of NMDA and Non-NMDA Excitatory Amino Acid
... mechanical stimuli included brushing the skin with a camel hair brush in a stereotyped manner (BRUSH) and then sustained applications of two different-sized arterial clips to a fold of skin. The large clip (PRESS) produces a force of 144 gm/mm* and induces a sense of firm pressure near threshold for ...
... mechanical stimuli included brushing the skin with a camel hair brush in a stereotyped manner (BRUSH) and then sustained applications of two different-sized arterial clips to a fold of skin. The large clip (PRESS) produces a force of 144 gm/mm* and induces a sense of firm pressure near threshold for ...
Apomorphine Induces Contralateral Rotation 1 Running Head
... injections of apomorphine because supersensitivity of stratal postsynaptic receptors would develop. When less than 90% of the nigrostriatal neurons were destroyed, no contraversive rotation was observed because no supersensitivity of postsynaptic receptors had developed for a dopamine agonists like ...
... injections of apomorphine because supersensitivity of stratal postsynaptic receptors would develop. When less than 90% of the nigrostriatal neurons were destroyed, no contraversive rotation was observed because no supersensitivity of postsynaptic receptors had developed for a dopamine agonists like ...
15-2 Sensory Receptors
... potentials at a frequency that reflects the background level of stimulation. When the stimulus increases or decreases, the rate of action potential generation changes accordingly. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... potentials at a frequency that reflects the background level of stimulation. When the stimulus increases or decreases, the rate of action potential generation changes accordingly. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Biology
... with another cell at this site. The neuron may pass the impulse along to the second cell. The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell is called a synapse. Slide 26 of 38 End Show ...
... with another cell at this site. The neuron may pass the impulse along to the second cell. The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell is called a synapse. Slide 26 of 38 End Show ...
SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION I Tim Murphy NRSC 500, 2011
... in the RRP, but Pr high undergoes depression. ...
... in the RRP, but Pr high undergoes depression. ...
HECTtype E3 ubiquitin ligases in nerve cell development and
... Based on their mode of action, two families of E3 ligases are distinguished, i.e. the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) and the Homologous to E6-AP C-terminus (HECT) type. Whereas RING type enzymes bring the ubiquitin-E2 complex into the molecular vicinity of the substrate and facilitate ubiquitin ...
... Based on their mode of action, two families of E3 ligases are distinguished, i.e. the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) and the Homologous to E6-AP C-terminus (HECT) type. Whereas RING type enzymes bring the ubiquitin-E2 complex into the molecular vicinity of the substrate and facilitate ubiquitin ...
Sources
... induced coma and loss of protective reflexes resulting from the administration of one or more general anesthetic agents. A variety of medications may be administered, with the overall aim of ensuring unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, relaxation of skeletal muscles, and loss of control of reflexes ...
... induced coma and loss of protective reflexes resulting from the administration of one or more general anesthetic agents. A variety of medications may be administered, with the overall aim of ensuring unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, relaxation of skeletal muscles, and loss of control of reflexes ...
The Nervous System - 1
... • So…. How does all of this action potential stuff allow for communication between excitable tissues? – It allows for the release of neurotransmitters from the terminal button (synaptic bulb) • No action potential, no release, no communication ...
... • So…. How does all of this action potential stuff allow for communication between excitable tissues? – It allows for the release of neurotransmitters from the terminal button (synaptic bulb) • No action potential, no release, no communication ...
Production and characterization of murine models of classic and
... Because of the central role of the liver in amino acid metabolism and moderate/high levels of BCKDH activity in human liver [10-12], a few cases of MSUD have recently been treated by liver transplantation [13-16]. While the short-term outcome of liver transplantation is encouraging, long-term effect ...
... Because of the central role of the liver in amino acid metabolism and moderate/high levels of BCKDH activity in human liver [10-12], a few cases of MSUD have recently been treated by liver transplantation [13-16]. While the short-term outcome of liver transplantation is encouraging, long-term effect ...
The cutaneous sensory system Neuroscience and Biobehavioral
... velocity. The largest and fastest axons are called Aa, and include some of the proprioceptive neurons, such as the muscle stretch receptors. The second largest group, called Ab, includes all of the discriminative touch receptors being described here. Pain and temperature include the third and fourth ...
... velocity. The largest and fastest axons are called Aa, and include some of the proprioceptive neurons, such as the muscle stretch receptors. The second largest group, called Ab, includes all of the discriminative touch receptors being described here. Pain and temperature include the third and fourth ...
Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration in aged antinerve growth factor
... ameliorates lesion-induced abnormalities in these cells (6), and reverses atrophy of BFCNs (7) and spatial memory impairments in aged rats (8–10). A decline in the integrity of the central cholinergic function in aged human brain has been postulated (11) to be responsible for the neuropathological c ...
... ameliorates lesion-induced abnormalities in these cells (6), and reverses atrophy of BFCNs (7) and spatial memory impairments in aged rats (8–10). A decline in the integrity of the central cholinergic function in aged human brain has been postulated (11) to be responsible for the neuropathological c ...
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... has recently been shown to be involved in the expression of learned helplessness (B. Li et al., 2011; K. Li et al., 2013), a model of depression in which animals previously exposed to an inescapable aversive stimulus show diminished escape behavior when the stimulus is avoidable (Maier, 1984; Maier ...
... has recently been shown to be involved in the expression of learned helplessness (B. Li et al., 2011; K. Li et al., 2013), a model of depression in which animals previously exposed to an inescapable aversive stimulus show diminished escape behavior when the stimulus is avoidable (Maier, 1984; Maier ...
Cocaine and Amphetamines (PDF Available)
... cortex, which plays a role in memory and other complex aspects of information processing, and limbic system. An important limbic target is the nucleus accumbens. Dopamine release in this area of the forebrain occurs in response to naturally occurring pleasures such as food, novelty and sex. The amph ...
... cortex, which plays a role in memory and other complex aspects of information processing, and limbic system. An important limbic target is the nucleus accumbens. Dopamine release in this area of the forebrain occurs in response to naturally occurring pleasures such as food, novelty and sex. The amph ...
Chronic Opioid Therapy and Opioid Tolerance: A New Hypothesis
... suffering. Opioids are the most consistent, efficacious, and cost-effective analgesics available. Tolerance to opioids limits their effectiveness, and some aspects of this phenomenon are unique to opioids when compared to other G-protein receptor ligand systems. One hypothesis of this paper is that some ...
... suffering. Opioids are the most consistent, efficacious, and cost-effective analgesics available. Tolerance to opioids limits their effectiveness, and some aspects of this phenomenon are unique to opioids when compared to other G-protein receptor ligand systems. One hypothesis of this paper is that some ...
“Epileptic Neurons” in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
... functional and mRNA level, no change in the distribution of 1A-D channel proteins could be detected in hippocampal neurons of kainate-treated animals. Instead, Ltype Ca2+ channel immunoreactivity seemed to be selectively augmented in reactive astrocytes (50). Thus, ...
... functional and mRNA level, no change in the distribution of 1A-D channel proteins could be detected in hippocampal neurons of kainate-treated animals. Instead, Ltype Ca2+ channel immunoreactivity seemed to be selectively augmented in reactive astrocytes (50). Thus, ...
Progress Report – Glover
... central nervous system using timed applications of the thymidine analog BrdU. Through this work, we now know when neurons are born in the different parts of the nervous system, important information for future experiments aimed at exploring the role of various genes in specifying neuron types. This ...
... central nervous system using timed applications of the thymidine analog BrdU. Through this work, we now know when neurons are born in the different parts of the nervous system, important information for future experiments aimed at exploring the role of various genes in specifying neuron types. This ...