Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... inhibitory interneurons may play a pivotal role as they express nuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ER␣). It is also likely that estrogens may locally regulate events at the sites of synaptic contact in the excitatory pyramidal neurons where the synapses form. Indeed, recent ultrastructural data reveal ...
... inhibitory interneurons may play a pivotal role as they express nuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ER␣). It is also likely that estrogens may locally regulate events at the sites of synaptic contact in the excitatory pyramidal neurons where the synapses form. Indeed, recent ultrastructural data reveal ...
Effect of Adrenalectomy on Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic
... 10.1152/jn.00401.2002. Within the rat paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus two types of neurons have been distinguished based on morphological appearance, i.e., parvocellular and magnocellular neurons. The parvocellular neurons play a key role in regulating the activity of the hypothalamo–pit ...
... 10.1152/jn.00401.2002. Within the rat paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus two types of neurons have been distinguished based on morphological appearance, i.e., parvocellular and magnocellular neurons. The parvocellular neurons play a key role in regulating the activity of the hypothalamo–pit ...
THE ROLE OF HYALURONIC ACID (HA) IN THE TREATMENT OF
... Regardless of how it is initiated, osteoarthritis is a cascading disease11: • Excess mechanical stress, traumatic injury, or other destabilizing events can initiate cartilage breakdown. Cartilage fragments are then released into the synovial fluid. • Cartilage debris is phagocytosed by synovial macr ...
... Regardless of how it is initiated, osteoarthritis is a cascading disease11: • Excess mechanical stress, traumatic injury, or other destabilizing events can initiate cartilage breakdown. Cartilage fragments are then released into the synovial fluid. • Cartilage debris is phagocytosed by synovial macr ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... the stria terminalis, and the ventrolateral caudal periaqueductal gray, each of which is critical for the normal performance of particular maternal behaviours. The phenotype of cells in these areas that show increased c-fos activity after maternal behaviour, however, is unknown. Via double-label imm ...
... the stria terminalis, and the ventrolateral caudal periaqueductal gray, each of which is critical for the normal performance of particular maternal behaviours. The phenotype of cells in these areas that show increased c-fos activity after maternal behaviour, however, is unknown. Via double-label imm ...
1 Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology
... with high doses of a hormone just to be sure that they see an effect. Results from high doses, however, can be very misleading. A bell-shaped curve showing the relationship between a hormone and a behavior is frequently found in behavioral endocrinology. This means that within a physiological range ...
... with high doses of a hormone just to be sure that they see an effect. Results from high doses, however, can be very misleading. A bell-shaped curve showing the relationship between a hormone and a behavior is frequently found in behavioral endocrinology. This means that within a physiological range ...
Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming Enhances Dopaminergic Response
... Sixth, another neurochemical consistency in this model is that neonatal quinpirole treatments have been shown to result in neurotrophic factor abnormalities comparable to observations in human schizophrenic patients. Studies from this lab have shown a significant decrease in nerve growth factor (NG ...
... Sixth, another neurochemical consistency in this model is that neonatal quinpirole treatments have been shown to result in neurotrophic factor abnormalities comparable to observations in human schizophrenic patients. Studies from this lab have shown a significant decrease in nerve growth factor (NG ...
Overview Synaptic plasticity Synaptic strength
... • Short-term synaptic plasticity When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth processes or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells so that A‘s efficiency ... is increased. Donald Hebb (1949) ...
... • Short-term synaptic plasticity When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth processes or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells so that A‘s efficiency ... is increased. Donald Hebb (1949) ...
- Orange Coast College
... Basal cells generate new receptor cells every 1-2 months. Supporting cells contain enzymes that oxidize hydrophobic volatile odorants. ...
... Basal cells generate new receptor cells every 1-2 months. Supporting cells contain enzymes that oxidize hydrophobic volatile odorants. ...
ficient mice: Distinct effects in Finnish variant late infantile NCL
... pathological staging of this fatal pediatric disorder, we have undertaken a stereological analysis of the CNS of Cln5 deficient mice (Cln5−/−) at different stages of disease progression. Consistent with human vLINCLFin, these Cln5−/− mice displayed a relatively late onset regional atrophy and general ...
... pathological staging of this fatal pediatric disorder, we have undertaken a stereological analysis of the CNS of Cln5 deficient mice (Cln5−/−) at different stages of disease progression. Consistent with human vLINCLFin, these Cln5−/− mice displayed a relatively late onset regional atrophy and general ...
Smell and Taste: The Chemical Senses
... The Interaction Between Odorant and Receptor Activates a Second-Messenger System That Leads to Depolarization of the Sensory Neuron Odorants induce increases in adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP in preparations of olfactory cilia. This effect is GTP dependent, suggesting that olfactory transduction ...
... The Interaction Between Odorant and Receptor Activates a Second-Messenger System That Leads to Depolarization of the Sensory Neuron Odorants induce increases in adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP in preparations of olfactory cilia. This effect is GTP dependent, suggesting that olfactory transduction ...
The addictive behaviour induced by food monosodium glutamate
... The excitatory role of the glutamic acid is essential from the early development of the brain, but an excessive activation of this transmission can lead to neural degeneration and death. The overstimulation of glutamatergic receptors determines pathological neurotoxicity, probably through a high inc ...
... The excitatory role of the glutamic acid is essential from the early development of the brain, but an excessive activation of this transmission can lead to neural degeneration and death. The overstimulation of glutamatergic receptors determines pathological neurotoxicity, probably through a high inc ...
Developing Standardized Behavioral Tests for
... Seventh, what are the social experiences from weaning to adulthood that can affect behavior? Housing in single-sex littermate groups, single-sex mixed litter groups, or mixed sex groups can affect social behavior (Hahn and Schanz 1996; Harshfield and Grim 1997; Koolhaas et al. 1997; Young et al. 199 ...
... Seventh, what are the social experiences from weaning to adulthood that can affect behavior? Housing in single-sex littermate groups, single-sex mixed litter groups, or mixed sex groups can affect social behavior (Hahn and Schanz 1996; Harshfield and Grim 1997; Koolhaas et al. 1997; Young et al. 199 ...
Identification of Mechanoafferent Neurons in Terrestrial Snail
... did not find any electrical or chemical interactions between different PlVL cell. Mechanical stimulation of the skin on the outer edge of a receptive field did not produce a hyperpolarization of neurons (data are not shown), as it was described in some other mollusks (Getting 1976; Mellon 1972; Spra ...
... did not find any electrical or chemical interactions between different PlVL cell. Mechanical stimulation of the skin on the outer edge of a receptive field did not produce a hyperpolarization of neurons (data are not shown), as it was described in some other mollusks (Getting 1976; Mellon 1972; Spra ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... seems that olfactory bulbs use mechanisms similar to our “visual pattern recognition” to identify discrete smells. “Odor images” refer to maps of olfactory bulb activity during olfaction. The SenseLab Web site contains many of these maps obtained with fMRI at 7T in animals (because the olfactory bu ...
... seems that olfactory bulbs use mechanisms similar to our “visual pattern recognition” to identify discrete smells. “Odor images” refer to maps of olfactory bulb activity during olfaction. The SenseLab Web site contains many of these maps obtained with fMRI at 7T in animals (because the olfactory bu ...
Histamine and Antihistaminic Agents
... Therefore less sedating side effects. Serious arrhythmias when co-administered with drugs that inhibit their metabolism such as imidazole antifungals. ...
... Therefore less sedating side effects. Serious arrhythmias when co-administered with drugs that inhibit their metabolism such as imidazole antifungals. ...
1 How the Nervous System Works
... synapse between the axon tip of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. Notice that a small gap separates these two structures. For a nerve impulse to be carried along at a synapse, it must cross the gap between the axon and the next structure. The axon tips release chemicals that carry the i ...
... synapse between the axon tip of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. Notice that a small gap separates these two structures. For a nerve impulse to be carried along at a synapse, it must cross the gap between the axon and the next structure. The axon tips release chemicals that carry the i ...
Sonic Hedgehog Expression in Corticofugal Projection Neurons
... of neurons or glia in these regions during this window of neural development. To assess the involvement of Shh in the regulation of neuronal growth and synaptogenesis, we performed Golgi analysis on P21–P28 brains of ShhcKO mice and wild-type control littermates (Figures 3A–3D). We observed signific ...
... of neurons or glia in these regions during this window of neural development. To assess the involvement of Shh in the regulation of neuronal growth and synaptogenesis, we performed Golgi analysis on P21–P28 brains of ShhcKO mice and wild-type control littermates (Figures 3A–3D). We observed signific ...
Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol
... release than does NE Žminutes instead of seconds., and it can take hours for the adaptive effects to emerge. CORT’s mechanism of action involves the modification of transcriptional events via Type I and Type II CORT receptors. These receptors represent intracellular DNA binding proteins, and serve t ...
... release than does NE Žminutes instead of seconds., and it can take hours for the adaptive effects to emerge. CORT’s mechanism of action involves the modification of transcriptional events via Type I and Type II CORT receptors. These receptors represent intracellular DNA binding proteins, and serve t ...
Fig. 2 - eNeuro
... and a single skin impulse was generated. To avoid activating lateral line sensory neurons, the tadpole head skin was peeled back, exposing the otic capsules as well as the trigeminal and lateral line nerves. After removing the otic capsules, lateral line nerves on both sides and the trigeminal nerve ...
... and a single skin impulse was generated. To avoid activating lateral line sensory neurons, the tadpole head skin was peeled back, exposing the otic capsules as well as the trigeminal and lateral line nerves. After removing the otic capsules, lateral line nerves on both sides and the trigeminal nerve ...
Prenatal morphine exposure alters the layer II/III pyramidal neurons
... dendrites without significantly affecting the apical dendrites distribution. Indeed, functional differences between apical and basal dendrite have long been illustrated (Arai et al., 1994; Yuste et al., 1994). It was reported that LTP in basal dendritic branches of hippocampus CA1 pyramidal cells le ...
... dendrites without significantly affecting the apical dendrites distribution. Indeed, functional differences between apical and basal dendrite have long been illustrated (Arai et al., 1994; Yuste et al., 1994). It was reported that LTP in basal dendritic branches of hippocampus CA1 pyramidal cells le ...
C3/D8 Due: 2/21/14 Chem 151 Caffeine: Your Friend for Sleepless
... adenosine receptors in the brain and around the body, and effectively prevents adenosine from binding and inducing its associated effects – these include drowsiness, dilation of blood vessels, lowering of blood pressure and body temperature, lowering the rate of digestion, and the easing of stress [ ...
... adenosine receptors in the brain and around the body, and effectively prevents adenosine from binding and inducing its associated effects – these include drowsiness, dilation of blood vessels, lowering of blood pressure and body temperature, lowering the rate of digestion, and the easing of stress [ ...
Taste
... • Their upper poles containing cilia that project from the taste pore. • Sensory nerve endings synapse with their lower poles. • Their life span is 1-2 week (10 days) 3. Basal cells: • They are stem cells for production of new receptor cells. ...
... • Their upper poles containing cilia that project from the taste pore. • Sensory nerve endings synapse with their lower poles. • Their life span is 1-2 week (10 days) 3. Basal cells: • They are stem cells for production of new receptor cells. ...
Pharmacodynamic Effects of a D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor
... neuronal functioning of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. D-Serine is produced by the stereoconversion from Lserine via serine racemase in glial cells. DAAO activity, also in glial cells, is responsible for reducing D-serine concentrations and potentially reduces the occupancy of the glycine si ...
... neuronal functioning of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. D-Serine is produced by the stereoconversion from Lserine via serine racemase in glial cells. DAAO activity, also in glial cells, is responsible for reducing D-serine concentrations and potentially reduces the occupancy of the glycine si ...
Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaural time and level difference processing by neurons in the superior ol ...
... immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaural time and level difference processing by neurons in the superior ol ...