enzymes lecture 3
... Specific non-competitive inhibition There is no structural similarity between the inhibitor and the substrate. The inhibitor does not bind to the catalytic site as the substrate but it binds to another site. It can bind enzyme or to enzyme substrate complex. The inhibition is irreversible. ...
... Specific non-competitive inhibition There is no structural similarity between the inhibitor and the substrate. The inhibitor does not bind to the catalytic site as the substrate but it binds to another site. It can bind enzyme or to enzyme substrate complex. The inhibition is irreversible. ...
The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... The neurotrophins (NTs) have recently been shown to elicit pronounced effects on quantal neurotransmitter release at both central and peripheral nervous system synapses. Due to their activitydependent release, as well as the subcellular localization of both protein and receptor, NTs are ideally suit ...
... The neurotrophins (NTs) have recently been shown to elicit pronounced effects on quantal neurotransmitter release at both central and peripheral nervous system synapses. Due to their activitydependent release, as well as the subcellular localization of both protein and receptor, NTs are ideally suit ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... of activity, which can be recorded in intact (Kim et al., 2015, Lahr et al., 2012; Park et al., 2003) and puparium-free preparations (Kim et al., 2006; cf., Figure 2, below). In addition, fictive ecdysis can be visualized in ex vivo CNS preparations challenged with ETH that express the calcium senso ...
... of activity, which can be recorded in intact (Kim et al., 2015, Lahr et al., 2012; Park et al., 2003) and puparium-free preparations (Kim et al., 2006; cf., Figure 2, below). In addition, fictive ecdysis can be visualized in ex vivo CNS preparations challenged with ETH that express the calcium senso ...
PowerPoint-Präsentation
... Synaptic-vesicle and plasma-membrane proteins important for vesicle docking and fusion ...
... Synaptic-vesicle and plasma-membrane proteins important for vesicle docking and fusion ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... sounds. For example, the IC of mice contains a high proportion of long-pass neurons selective for sounds longer than several tens of milliseconds. The few observed bandpass neurons typically have best durations on the order of tens of milliseconds (Brand et al. 2000). Both of these filtering propert ...
... sounds. For example, the IC of mice contains a high proportion of long-pass neurons selective for sounds longer than several tens of milliseconds. The few observed bandpass neurons typically have best durations on the order of tens of milliseconds (Brand et al. 2000). Both of these filtering propert ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... Recording), inserted at an angle of 20 deg from horizontal and positioned roughly 16 mm lateral to the midline and 8 mm posterior to the lunate sulcus. V1 and MT recordings were performed in separate animals. Neuronal responses that exceeded a user-defined voltage threshold were digitized at 30 or 4 ...
... Recording), inserted at an angle of 20 deg from horizontal and positioned roughly 16 mm lateral to the midline and 8 mm posterior to the lunate sulcus. V1 and MT recordings were performed in separate animals. Neuronal responses that exceeded a user-defined voltage threshold were digitized at 30 or 4 ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... (Fig. 2), and this distribution has been confirmed in human tissue (Elias et al., 1998). These cells diffusely project to the entire neuroaxis, excluding the cerebellum (Peyron et al., 1998; Date et al., 1999; Nambu et al., 1999) (Fig. 2). This anatomical structure suggests that the activity of orex ...
... (Fig. 2), and this distribution has been confirmed in human tissue (Elias et al., 1998). These cells diffusely project to the entire neuroaxis, excluding the cerebellum (Peyron et al., 1998; Date et al., 1999; Nambu et al., 1999) (Fig. 2). This anatomical structure suggests that the activity of orex ...
Calcium Regulation of Dendritic Growth via CaM Kinase IV and
... presence of KCl stimulation. Note that overexpression of CaM kinase IV dramatically potentiates the effect of KCl depolarization on dendritic growth, indicating that intracellular CaM kinase IV levels are limiting for calcium-activated dendritic growth. (G) Quantification of the effects of expressin ...
... presence of KCl stimulation. Note that overexpression of CaM kinase IV dramatically potentiates the effect of KCl depolarization on dendritic growth, indicating that intracellular CaM kinase IV levels are limiting for calcium-activated dendritic growth. (G) Quantification of the effects of expressin ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... potential to the negative trough (Ungless et al., planning, and working memory (Fuster, 2000). Nicotine has 2004). Although we identified each recorded VTA DA neuron based on been reported to act through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors well-established electrophysiological criteria (Bunney et al., ...
... potential to the negative trough (Ungless et al., planning, and working memory (Fuster, 2000). Nicotine has 2004). Although we identified each recorded VTA DA neuron based on been reported to act through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors well-established electrophysiological criteria (Bunney et al., ...
The neural encoding of self-generated and externally applied
... experienced by each species in its natural environment. Alternatively, it is also possible that neuronal sensitivities are matched to the specific constraints of the reflexes that the mouse se ...
... experienced by each species in its natural environment. Alternatively, it is also possible that neuronal sensitivities are matched to the specific constraints of the reflexes that the mouse se ...
Cerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to
... and interneurons, with long axons projecting out of the cerebellar nuclei and short axons connecting only with neurons within the FN, respectively [1, 14]. Based on the transmitter phenotypes, glutamatergic, GABAergic as well as glycinergic neurons have been identified in the FN [1, 14, 15]. In addi ...
... and interneurons, with long axons projecting out of the cerebellar nuclei and short axons connecting only with neurons within the FN, respectively [1, 14]. Based on the transmitter phenotypes, glutamatergic, GABAergic as well as glycinergic neurons have been identified in the FN [1, 14, 15]. In addi ...
Cannabis and cognition: short- and long
... role for the endogenous cannabinoid system in attention, memory, inhibitory control and multiple other cognitive processes, and that these are impaired following both acute and chronic cannabinoid administration (Egerton et al., 2006; Solowij and Michie, 2007; Pattij et al., 2008; Solowij and Bat ...
... role for the endogenous cannabinoid system in attention, memory, inhibitory control and multiple other cognitive processes, and that these are impaired following both acute and chronic cannabinoid administration (Egerton et al., 2006; Solowij and Michie, 2007; Pattij et al., 2008; Solowij and Bat ...
neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus
... electrophysiological recordings were made from single neurons in these regions to map the location of units that respond to electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Recordings also were made from neurons in dorsal parts of the GP (GPd) before the microelectrode was lowered to the GP, and the ...
... electrophysiological recordings were made from single neurons in these regions to map the location of units that respond to electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Recordings also were made from neurons in dorsal parts of the GP (GPd) before the microelectrode was lowered to the GP, and the ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... reinforcement learning 4. Thus, the switch in the firing mode of DA neurons, triggered by excitatory drive, is critical for the expression of reward-oriented behavior 5. The VTA receives excitatory inputs from several regions including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, lateral hypothalamus, subthalam ...
... reinforcement learning 4. Thus, the switch in the firing mode of DA neurons, triggered by excitatory drive, is critical for the expression of reward-oriented behavior 5. The VTA receives excitatory inputs from several regions including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, lateral hypothalamus, subthalam ...
The Diversity of Cortical Interneurons
... to interneurons as GABAergic local circuit neurons. Pyramidal cells specialize in the transfer of information between different areas, whereas interneurons primarily contribute to local neural assemblies to modulate the flow of information there. Pyramidal fall into over a few classes, regardless of ...
... to interneurons as GABAergic local circuit neurons. Pyramidal cells specialize in the transfer of information between different areas, whereas interneurons primarily contribute to local neural assemblies to modulate the flow of information there. Pyramidal fall into over a few classes, regardless of ...
Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster
... sensory neurons. The wealth of physiological and biochemical data generated from the lobster olfactory organ has made it an attractive system to investigate underlying molecular events. Candidate gene approaches and small-scale expression profiling efforts have identified components of olfactory tra ...
... sensory neurons. The wealth of physiological and biochemical data generated from the lobster olfactory organ has made it an attractive system to investigate underlying molecular events. Candidate gene approaches and small-scale expression profiling efforts have identified components of olfactory tra ...
Bile-Acid Sequestrants: Glucose-Lowering Mechanisms - HAL
... a meal, bile acid flux and plasma bile acid concentrations are highest postprandially [2]. Bile acids consist of a 24-carbon steroid core and a side chain carrying a carboxyl group. The nature of the bile acid species is determined by the number and position of hydroxyl groups on the steroid core, f ...
... a meal, bile acid flux and plasma bile acid concentrations are highest postprandially [2]. Bile acids consist of a 24-carbon steroid core and a side chain carrying a carboxyl group. The nature of the bile acid species is determined by the number and position of hydroxyl groups on the steroid core, f ...
c-Jun Expression in Adult Rat Dorsal Root
... influences may lead to different cell body responses to axotomy. For example, the differences in the CNS and PNS targets will determine which soluble factors are retrogradely transported to the cell body (3, 66). Retrograde transport of trophic factors from target neurons or glia is necessary to sup ...
... influences may lead to different cell body responses to axotomy. For example, the differences in the CNS and PNS targets will determine which soluble factors are retrogradely transported to the cell body (3, 66). Retrograde transport of trophic factors from target neurons or glia is necessary to sup ...
Insulin hormone: Mechanism and effects on the body and
... converting active protein kinase.10,11 Therefore, insulin triggers many enzymes phosphorylation and shows its intracellular effects. In brief, insulin is necessary for glucose carrying in tissues, so the tissues are more permeable to glucose.12,13 Except for endocytosis of insulin, the cells are mor ...
... converting active protein kinase.10,11 Therefore, insulin triggers many enzymes phosphorylation and shows its intracellular effects. In brief, insulin is necessary for glucose carrying in tissues, so the tissues are more permeable to glucose.12,13 Except for endocytosis of insulin, the cells are mor ...
REFLEXES I - michaeldmann.net
... contract, but when added to the subthreshold excitation of the subliminal fringe caused by the tap-induced muscle stretch, it causes the neurons in the subliminal fringe to discharge. The reflex contraction will therefore be larger than normal. There may also be some influence of increased (motoneur ...
... contract, but when added to the subthreshold excitation of the subliminal fringe caused by the tap-induced muscle stretch, it causes the neurons in the subliminal fringe to discharge. The reflex contraction will therefore be larger than normal. There may also be some influence of increased (motoneur ...
Genesis and Control of the Respiratory Rhythm in Adult
... On the basis of recordings of the activity of brain stem neurons that were rhythmically active in phase with respiration, six different types of neurons have been defined on the basis of their firing patterns, their membrane potential changes, and their synaptic inputs (1, 17). As shown in Fig. 2A, ...
... On the basis of recordings of the activity of brain stem neurons that were rhythmically active in phase with respiration, six different types of neurons have been defined on the basis of their firing patterns, their membrane potential changes, and their synaptic inputs (1, 17). As shown in Fig. 2A, ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... and inhibitory disparity sensitivity with cross-over at the horopter (NE/FA). Binocularly uncorrelated image contrast drives these neurons to a maintained level of activity, which shifts, in response to correlated images, toward facilitation or suppression as a function of positional disparity. Thes ...
... and inhibitory disparity sensitivity with cross-over at the horopter (NE/FA). Binocularly uncorrelated image contrast drives these neurons to a maintained level of activity, which shifts, in response to correlated images, toward facilitation or suppression as a function of positional disparity. Thes ...