The role of repulsive guidance molecules in the
... Department of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan During the development of the nervous system, outgrowing axons often have to travel long distances to reach their target neurons. In this process, outgrowing neurites tipped with ...
... Department of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan During the development of the nervous system, outgrowing axons often have to travel long distances to reach their target neurons. In this process, outgrowing neurites tipped with ...
KCNQ/M Channels Control Spike Afterdepolarization and Burst
... caused a small (13.8%), but significant, increase in apparent inlowest concentration to cause a detectable increase in ADP size put resistance (Table 1), suggesting that some KCNQ/M channels was 0.3 M linopirdine (a concentration that blocks ⬍10% of IM are open even at resting potential. It did not ...
... caused a small (13.8%), but significant, increase in apparent inlowest concentration to cause a detectable increase in ADP size put resistance (Table 1), suggesting that some KCNQ/M channels was 0.3 M linopirdine (a concentration that blocks ⬍10% of IM are open even at resting potential. It did not ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... 1993; Schwaller et al., 2002; Camp & Wijesinghe, 2009). Understanding the role of neurons expressing these markers can lead to a better understanding of the functions of the PPN, but this necessitates knowledge of their numbers, distribution and expression by neurotransmitter-specific neuronal types ...
... 1993; Schwaller et al., 2002; Camp & Wijesinghe, 2009). Understanding the role of neurons expressing these markers can lead to a better understanding of the functions of the PPN, but this necessitates knowledge of their numbers, distribution and expression by neurotransmitter-specific neuronal types ...
Glia cells, lipid metabolism and Alzheimer`s disease
... do so, the postsynaptic neuron gets overexcitated and cell death may follow, a process that is called excitotoxity. The postsynaptic neuron degenerates and without any contacts, the presynaptic neuron will form an altered projection creating an excitatory feedback loop, known as mossy fiber sproutin ...
... do so, the postsynaptic neuron gets overexcitated and cell death may follow, a process that is called excitotoxity. The postsynaptic neuron degenerates and without any contacts, the presynaptic neuron will form an altered projection creating an excitatory feedback loop, known as mossy fiber sproutin ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... form of input selectivity, related to a statistical method called principal component analysis, in which neurons become selective to the linear combination of their inputs with the maximum variance. This is, in some sense, the most interesting and informative combination of inputs to which the neuro ...
... form of input selectivity, related to a statistical method called principal component analysis, in which neurons become selective to the linear combination of their inputs with the maximum variance. This is, in some sense, the most interesting and informative combination of inputs to which the neuro ...
Regulation of Ketone Body Metabolism and the Role of PPAR
... in the systemic metabolism during fasting is triggered by glucagon and involves the mobilization of lipids stored in adipose tissue and break down of triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol [1,2]. These two components are subsequently catabolized in liver: fatty acids undergo β-oxidation to p ...
... in the systemic metabolism during fasting is triggered by glucagon and involves the mobilization of lipids stored in adipose tissue and break down of triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol [1,2]. These two components are subsequently catabolized in liver: fatty acids undergo β-oxidation to p ...
Branched-chain amino acids alter neurobehavioral function in rats
... (19). Tyr is the precursor of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) (37), whereas Trp is the precursor of serotonin (5-HT) (38). Thus, the rate of production of important neurotransmitters may be affected by changes in amino acid concentrations in the blood (18). This could potentially include serot ...
... (19). Tyr is the precursor of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) (37), whereas Trp is the precursor of serotonin (5-HT) (38). Thus, the rate of production of important neurotransmitters may be affected by changes in amino acid concentrations in the blood (18). This could potentially include serot ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... The identification of neuron types within circuits is fundamental to understanding their relevance to behavior. In the vestibular nuclei, several classes of neurons have been defined in vivo on the basis of their activity during behavior, but it is unclear how those types correspond to neurons ident ...
... The identification of neuron types within circuits is fundamental to understanding their relevance to behavior. In the vestibular nuclei, several classes of neurons have been defined in vivo on the basis of their activity during behavior, but it is unclear how those types correspond to neurons ident ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be elements of a distributed brainstem system of central chemoreceptors, as well as modulators of central chemoreceptors at other sites, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Stimulation of the raphé system or peripheral chemoreceptors can induc ...
... raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be elements of a distributed brainstem system of central chemoreceptors, as well as modulators of central chemoreceptors at other sites, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Stimulation of the raphé system or peripheral chemoreceptors can induc ...
Author`s personal copy
... primiparous female rats and the nonhormonal maintenance of the behavior after its initiation As already noted, virgin female rats do not show maternal behavior upon initial exposure to pups; they actively avoid pups that are presented to them [43,44]. However, if one cohabitates a virgin female with ...
... primiparous female rats and the nonhormonal maintenance of the behavior after its initiation As already noted, virgin female rats do not show maternal behavior upon initial exposure to pups; they actively avoid pups that are presented to them [43,44]. However, if one cohabitates a virgin female with ...
Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... number of mandibular neurons than in wild type, whereas Hmx1+ and OC1 + cells were concomitantly reduced (Fig. 2F-H). This was further confirmed with Hmx1/Tbx3 double fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and quantified (Fig. 2I-K). This effect was not a result of increased cell death in the mand ...
... number of mandibular neurons than in wild type, whereas Hmx1+ and OC1 + cells were concomitantly reduced (Fig. 2F-H). This was further confirmed with Hmx1/Tbx3 double fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and quantified (Fig. 2I-K). This effect was not a result of increased cell death in the mand ...
Fig. - Development - The Company of Biologists
... number of mandibular neurons than in wild type, whereas Hmx1+ and OC1 + cells were concomitantly reduced (Fig. 2F-H). This was further confirmed with Hmx1/Tbx3 double fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and quantified (Fig. 2I-K). This effect was not a result of increased cell death in the mand ...
... number of mandibular neurons than in wild type, whereas Hmx1+ and OC1 + cells were concomitantly reduced (Fig. 2F-H). This was further confirmed with Hmx1/Tbx3 double fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and quantified (Fig. 2I-K). This effect was not a result of increased cell death in the mand ...
Contribution of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Neurons to
... PPTN also projects to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) (Beninato and Spencer 1986) that encode an error signal for reinforcement learning (Schultz 1998). PPTN receives limbic inputs from the hypothalamus, the ventral tegmental area (Semba and Fibiger 1992), and th ...
... PPTN also projects to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) (Beninato and Spencer 1986) that encode an error signal for reinforcement learning (Schultz 1998). PPTN receives limbic inputs from the hypothalamus, the ventral tegmental area (Semba and Fibiger 1992), and th ...
Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient
... in the striatum and hippocampus was reported after transient forebram ischemia in the rat, while the depression of glutamic acid decarboxylase activity was associated with irreversible damage of GABAergic neurons (Francis and Pulsmelh 1982) Similarly, neurons expressing AChE activity or ChAT immunor ...
... in the striatum and hippocampus was reported after transient forebram ischemia in the rat, while the depression of glutamic acid decarboxylase activity was associated with irreversible damage of GABAergic neurons (Francis and Pulsmelh 1982) Similarly, neurons expressing AChE activity or ChAT immunor ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... ask whether the properties of glutamatergic synapses during the first day of CNS development are tuned to their function in the tadpole’s responses. Stroking the skin excites a few sensory neurons. These activate primarily AMPA receptors producing short, strong excitation that activates many sensory ...
... ask whether the properties of glutamatergic synapses during the first day of CNS development are tuned to their function in the tadpole’s responses. Stroking the skin excites a few sensory neurons. These activate primarily AMPA receptors producing short, strong excitation that activates many sensory ...
The Role of the Terminal Nerve and GnRH in Olfactory System
... the major source of GnRH to these areas (Yamamoto et al., 1995; Amano et al., 2002); Fig. 1 illustrates the innervation of olfactory areas by GnRH-immunoreactive fibers in a goldfish (Carassius auratus). The TN is likely also main source of the GnRH-immunoreactive fibers distributed throughout the o ...
... the major source of GnRH to these areas (Yamamoto et al., 1995; Amano et al., 2002); Fig. 1 illustrates the innervation of olfactory areas by GnRH-immunoreactive fibers in a goldfish (Carassius auratus). The TN is likely also main source of the GnRH-immunoreactive fibers distributed throughout the o ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... are unable to assume proper laminar position, a critical and very early differentiation step of postmitotic neurons. We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/ ...
... are unable to assume proper laminar position, a critical and very early differentiation step of postmitotic neurons. We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/ ...
The natural hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT, component of Ayahuasca
... 5-MeO-DMT, respectively, with significant post-hoc differences between 5-MeO-DMT and saline in all posttreatment periods (Fig. 2). Since hallucinogenic drugs are known to have clear effects on the autonomic nervous system and blood pressure (McCall et al., 1987; McCall and Harris, 1988). In order to ...
... 5-MeO-DMT, respectively, with significant post-hoc differences between 5-MeO-DMT and saline in all posttreatment periods (Fig. 2). Since hallucinogenic drugs are known to have clear effects on the autonomic nervous system and blood pressure (McCall et al., 1987; McCall and Harris, 1988). In order to ...
SAD Kinases Sculpt Axonal Arbors of Sensory Neurons through
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... respectively, to the NAS (Akaike et al., 1984; Yang and Mogenson, 1984; DeFrance et al., 1985; Unemoto et al., 1985; Yim and Mogenson, 1988). Microiontophoretic application of dopamine receptor agonists inhibits extracellularly recorded spike activity in the NAS of anesthetized animals, an effect th ...
... respectively, to the NAS (Akaike et al., 1984; Yang and Mogenson, 1984; DeFrance et al., 1985; Unemoto et al., 1985; Yim and Mogenson, 1988). Microiontophoretic application of dopamine receptor agonists inhibits extracellularly recorded spike activity in the NAS of anesthetized animals, an effect th ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... drive the ascending phase of the action potential, are present at the AIS, namely, Nav1.1, Nav1.2, and Nav1.6. Nav1.1 is dominant at the AIS of GABAergic neurons (394), but it is also found in the AIS of retinal ganglion cells (542) and in spinal cord motoneurons (169; see Table 2 for details). With ...
... drive the ascending phase of the action potential, are present at the AIS, namely, Nav1.1, Nav1.2, and Nav1.6. Nav1.1 is dominant at the AIS of GABAergic neurons (394), but it is also found in the AIS of retinal ganglion cells (542) and in spinal cord motoneurons (169; see Table 2 for details). With ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... 1992, 1998; Fung et al., 1994; Ling et al., 1994; Borday et al., 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vag ...
... 1992, 1998; Fung et al., 1994; Ling et al., 1994; Borday et al., 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vag ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... subesophageal ganglion. (B) Close-up view of the right MB in A. Five axonal lobes are grouped into three sets, based on a previous proposal (Crittenden et al., 1998). The γ lobe is outlined in red, the α′ and β′ lobes are outlined in green, and the α and β lobes are outlined in blue. (C) Schematic d ...
... subesophageal ganglion. (B) Close-up view of the right MB in A. Five axonal lobes are grouped into three sets, based on a previous proposal (Crittenden et al., 1998). The γ lobe is outlined in red, the α′ and β′ lobes are outlined in green, and the α and β lobes are outlined in blue. (C) Schematic d ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... been ample evidence to show that viscerosomatic convergence is a common phenomenon in this pathway (Foreman 1977, 1984; Gokin et al. 1977; Hancock et al. 1970, 1973, 1975; Ness and Gebhart 1991a,b; Selzer and Spencer 1969a,b; for review, see Gebhart and Ness 1991). Recent studies, however, have foun ...
... been ample evidence to show that viscerosomatic convergence is a common phenomenon in this pathway (Foreman 1977, 1984; Gokin et al. 1977; Hancock et al. 1970, 1973, 1975; Ness and Gebhart 1991a,b; Selzer and Spencer 1969a,b; for review, see Gebhart and Ness 1991). Recent studies, however, have foun ...
Mechanisms of developmental neurite pruning
... consequence, we will neither discuss all of the neuronal systems that undergo remodeling nor all of the important work done in the field. The term ‘‘developmental neuronal remodeling’’ is often used to describe a relatively wide range of biological processes including synapse elimination or strength ...
... consequence, we will neither discuss all of the neuronal systems that undergo remodeling nor all of the important work done in the field. The term ‘‘developmental neuronal remodeling’’ is often used to describe a relatively wide range of biological processes including synapse elimination or strength ...