Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
Efficient Event-Driven Simulation of Large Networks of Spiking
... With dynamical synapses, an incoming stimulus will not only make learned information pop up from the memory store and be put in an active state, but will also contribute to expanding the store. Moreover, if synaptic dynamics is a function of neural activities, then the question arises of the stabili ...
... With dynamical synapses, an incoming stimulus will not only make learned information pop up from the memory store and be put in an active state, but will also contribute to expanding the store. Moreover, if synaptic dynamics is a function of neural activities, then the question arises of the stabili ...
Endocrine Pancreas
... Three phospholipases in β-cells (phospholipase A2 , C, and D) play a role in regulating insulin secretion. Binding of acetylcholine to its G protein-coupled receptor activates phospholipase C that hydrolyzes membranebound phospholipids to inositol triphosphate (IP3 ) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 bi ...
... Three phospholipases in β-cells (phospholipase A2 , C, and D) play a role in regulating insulin secretion. Binding of acetylcholine to its G protein-coupled receptor activates phospholipase C that hydrolyzes membranebound phospholipids to inositol triphosphate (IP3 ) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 bi ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... The coverage factor for forebrain cholinergic axon arbors—defined as the number of arbor territories that encompass any arbitrary point in the cortex and hippocampus—can be calculated based on a mean volume of 1.35 mm3 for axon arbor territories at P30 (n = 4; Figure 4F), a total volume of 130 mm3 f ...
... The coverage factor for forebrain cholinergic axon arbors—defined as the number of arbor territories that encompass any arbitrary point in the cortex and hippocampus—can be calculated based on a mean volume of 1.35 mm3 for axon arbor territories at P30 (n = 4; Figure 4F), a total volume of 130 mm3 f ...
Higginbotham H, Eom TY, Mariani LE, Bachleda A, Hirt J, Gukassyan V, Cusack CL, Lai C, Caspary T, Anton ES. Developmental Cell. 2012, Nov 13 23(5):925-38. Arl13b in primary cilia regulates the migration and placement of interneurons in the developing cerebral cortex.
... of cilia function for cortical development and function is evident in various developmental brain disorders, such as Joubert, Meckel-Gruber, Orofaciodigital, and Bardet-Biedl syndromes (commonly referred to as ciliopathies), where disrupted cilia function and the resultant changes in cortical format ...
... of cilia function for cortical development and function is evident in various developmental brain disorders, such as Joubert, Meckel-Gruber, Orofaciodigital, and Bardet-Biedl syndromes (commonly referred to as ciliopathies), where disrupted cilia function and the resultant changes in cortical format ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... mechanism(s) and site(s) of secretion are of primary importance. It has been demonstrated that NGF is secreted from both hippocampal slices and NGFtransfected hippocampal cultures along the constitutive and activity-dependent pathway (Blöchl and Thoenen, 1995, 1996). The activity-dependent NGF secr ...
... mechanism(s) and site(s) of secretion are of primary importance. It has been demonstrated that NGF is secreted from both hippocampal slices and NGFtransfected hippocampal cultures along the constitutive and activity-dependent pathway (Blöchl and Thoenen, 1995, 1996). The activity-dependent NGF secr ...
The Nrf2/ARE Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target in
... Targeting the prevention of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may be best achieved by stimulation of endogenous cellular mechanisms known to serve this purpose. One such mechanism centers around transcription via the antioxidant response element (ARE). The ARE is a cisacting enhancer fo ...
... Targeting the prevention of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may be best achieved by stimulation of endogenous cellular mechanisms known to serve this purpose. One such mechanism centers around transcription via the antioxidant response element (ARE). The ARE is a cisacting enhancer fo ...
Gustatory Processing in Drosophila Higher Brain Centers By
... Learning and Memory The way an animal responds to a stimulus is determined by a complex interplay between innate drives and learned reactions. In order to understand how an animal acquires or modifies knowledge or skills (learning) and stores and retrieves that information for later use (memory), w ...
... Learning and Memory The way an animal responds to a stimulus is determined by a complex interplay between innate drives and learned reactions. In order to understand how an animal acquires or modifies knowledge or skills (learning) and stores and retrieves that information for later use (memory), w ...
- Wiley Online Library
... ubiquitin proteasome system (Laser et al. 2006). Interaction with WldS targets VCP in discrete intranuclear foci where other UPS components can also accumulate (Laser et al. 2006). Thus, the N-terminal domain of WldS influences the intranuclear location of the ubiquitin proteasome as well as its intr ...
... ubiquitin proteasome system (Laser et al. 2006). Interaction with WldS targets VCP in discrete intranuclear foci where other UPS components can also accumulate (Laser et al. 2006). Thus, the N-terminal domain of WldS influences the intranuclear location of the ubiquitin proteasome as well as its intr ...
Effects of insulin under normal and low glucose on retinal
... Methods. Enucleated cat eyes were perfused with a glucose- and insulin-free tissue culture medium, to which glucose was applied at normal (5.5 mM) and reduced (2 and 1 mM) concentrations. Photic stimulation was performed in the rod-matched intensity range before, during, and after insulin applicatio ...
... Methods. Enucleated cat eyes were perfused with a glucose- and insulin-free tissue culture medium, to which glucose was applied at normal (5.5 mM) and reduced (2 and 1 mM) concentrations. Photic stimulation was performed in the rod-matched intensity range before, during, and after insulin applicatio ...
Chemical Nature of Synaptic Transmission in Vertebrates
... On the other hand, it was clear that ACh could not be the main excitatory or inhibitory transmitter acting on motoneurons, though little further progress was possible without more satisfactory methods of testing active substances. The introduction of the microiontophoretic technique (325, 925) in st ...
... On the other hand, it was clear that ACh could not be the main excitatory or inhibitory transmitter acting on motoneurons, though little further progress was possible without more satisfactory methods of testing active substances. The introduction of the microiontophoretic technique (325, 925) in st ...
SENSORY SYSTEMS
... – Response to second stimulus is stronger than the response to the first one ...
... – Response to second stimulus is stronger than the response to the first one ...
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental
... dopamine neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (that is, the difference between expected and actual rewards), these cells can also signal aversion, saliency, uncertainty and novelty2,3. They are heterogeneous in their anatomical location, targets to which they project, elec ...
... dopamine neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (that is, the difference between expected and actual rewards), these cells can also signal aversion, saliency, uncertainty and novelty2,3. They are heterogeneous in their anatomical location, targets to which they project, elec ...
Thesis - HuVetA
... of hypothalamic cellular energy levels are asymmetric, and 2) NTPDase3, as an ATPhydrolyzing enzyme, plays a role in the regulation of hypothalamic mitochondrial ATPlevels. Given that the cyclic activity of the female hypothalamus periodically enters the state of high energy (ATP) need, our first wo ...
... of hypothalamic cellular energy levels are asymmetric, and 2) NTPDase3, as an ATPhydrolyzing enzyme, plays a role in the regulation of hypothalamic mitochondrial ATPlevels. Given that the cyclic activity of the female hypothalamus periodically enters the state of high energy (ATP) need, our first wo ...
Activity Regulates the Incidence of Heteronymous Sensory
... and that 52% of EDL motor neurons received input from TA afferents (Figure 1C). These values are consistent with physiological reports that 40%–70% of motor neurons within a pool receive heteronymous sensory input from a given muscle (Nelson and Mendell, 1978; Scott and Mendell, 1976). In contrast, ...
... and that 52% of EDL motor neurons received input from TA afferents (Figure 1C). These values are consistent with physiological reports that 40%–70% of motor neurons within a pool receive heteronymous sensory input from a given muscle (Nelson and Mendell, 1978; Scott and Mendell, 1976). In contrast, ...
Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
... Growth hormone secretion is also part of a negative feedback loop involving IGF-1. High blood levels of IGF-1 lead to decreased secretion of growth hormone not only by directly suppressing the somatotroph, but by stimulating release of somatostatin from the hypothalamus. Growth hormone also feeds ba ...
... Growth hormone secretion is also part of a negative feedback loop involving IGF-1. High blood levels of IGF-1 lead to decreased secretion of growth hormone not only by directly suppressing the somatotroph, but by stimulating release of somatostatin from the hypothalamus. Growth hormone also feeds ba ...
Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... are targets of monosynaptic input from layer 4, paired whole-cell voltage recordFigure 3. Latency of L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections. A, Reconstruction of the dendrites and axon of the presynaptic L4 ings were made in acute slices of P20 –P29 neuron (red, blue) and the dendrite of the postsynapti ...
... are targets of monosynaptic input from layer 4, paired whole-cell voltage recordFigure 3. Latency of L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections. A, Reconstruction of the dendrites and axon of the presynaptic L4 ings were made in acute slices of P20 –P29 neuron (red, blue) and the dendrite of the postsynapti ...
Glycine Immunoreactivity of Multipolar Neurons in the Ventral
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
Histamine and Histamine Intolerance
... • VERY HIGH DENSITY IN BRAIN REGIONS CONCERNED WITH NEUROENDOCRINE, BEHAVIORAL, AND NUTRITIONAL STATE CONTROL, LIKE THE HYPOTHALAMUS, AMINERGIC AND CHOLINERGIC BRAINSTEM NUCLEI, THALAMUS, AND CORTEX • HISTAMINE VIA H1R EXCITES NEURONS IN MOST BRAIN REGIONS, INCLUDING BRAIN STEM, ...
... • VERY HIGH DENSITY IN BRAIN REGIONS CONCERNED WITH NEUROENDOCRINE, BEHAVIORAL, AND NUTRITIONAL STATE CONTROL, LIKE THE HYPOTHALAMUS, AMINERGIC AND CHOLINERGIC BRAINSTEM NUCLEI, THALAMUS, AND CORTEX • HISTAMINE VIA H1R EXCITES NEURONS IN MOST BRAIN REGIONS, INCLUDING BRAIN STEM, ...
Involvement of Polyamine Catabolism in the Regulation of Glucose
... Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are ubiquitous low molecular weight amines that are positively charged under physiological conditions. Homeostatic control of intracellular polyamine levels is achieved by regulating the synthesis, catabolism and transport of these molecules. Spermidi ...
... Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are ubiquitous low molecular weight amines that are positively charged under physiological conditions. Homeostatic control of intracellular polyamine levels is achieved by regulating the synthesis, catabolism and transport of these molecules. Spermidi ...
Effect of PACAP in Central and Peripheral Nerve Injuries
... intestinal polypeptide (VIP), identifying PACAP as a member of the secretin/glucagon/growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) superfamily [2]. Two types of PACAP binding sites have been characterized based on their relative affinities for VIP and PACAP. PAC1 receptor exhibits a high affinity for both ...
... intestinal polypeptide (VIP), identifying PACAP as a member of the secretin/glucagon/growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) superfamily [2]. Two types of PACAP binding sites have been characterized based on their relative affinities for VIP and PACAP. PAC1 receptor exhibits a high affinity for both ...
Brain glycine receptors as a common target for alcohol and
... Alcohol abuse and dependence make up the most prevalent categories of substance use disorders in the world. Converging evidence from the current research group has identified two receptor populations, the glycine (GlyRs) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the mesolimbic dopamine syste ...
... Alcohol abuse and dependence make up the most prevalent categories of substance use disorders in the world. Converging evidence from the current research group has identified two receptor populations, the glycine (GlyRs) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the mesolimbic dopamine syste ...