Brain glycine receptors as a common target for alcohol and
... Alcohol abuse and dependence make up the most prevalent categories of substance use disorders in the world. Converging evidence from the current research group has identified two receptor populations, the glycine (GlyRs) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the mesolimbic dopamine syste ...
... Alcohol abuse and dependence make up the most prevalent categories of substance use disorders in the world. Converging evidence from the current research group has identified two receptor populations, the glycine (GlyRs) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the mesolimbic dopamine syste ...
Mammalian Models of CNS Regeneration - Wiley-VCH
... can be left at the ventral surface of the cord (You et al., 2003). Contusion and compression lesions are good models of common types of spinal injury in the western world, but the lesion size and position are more difficult to control. In such lesions it is not possible to be precise about the positio ...
... can be left at the ventral surface of the cord (You et al., 2003). Contusion and compression lesions are good models of common types of spinal injury in the western world, but the lesion size and position are more difficult to control. In such lesions it is not possible to be precise about the positio ...
The Basal Ganglia and Motor Control
... including the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, have posed their influence on the motor cortex to ’shape’ the final, descending signal. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum exert their influence on the final motor output pathways largely via the thalamus on the descending, corticobulbar and corticos ...
... including the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, have posed their influence on the motor cortex to ’shape’ the final, descending signal. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum exert their influence on the final motor output pathways largely via the thalamus on the descending, corticobulbar and corticos ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... morphologic form during a critical period. FMRP may be regulated by neuronal activity, specifically glutamatergic signals known to affect dendritic spines and synaptic plasticity. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) can stimulate the local synthesis of FMRP (Weiler et al., 1997) a ...
... morphologic form during a critical period. FMRP may be regulated by neuronal activity, specifically glutamatergic signals known to affect dendritic spines and synaptic plasticity. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) can stimulate the local synthesis of FMRP (Weiler et al., 1997) a ...
The Matrix Protein Hikaru genki Localizes to Cholinergic Synaptic
... Figure 1. Hig localizes in the synaptic clefts of cholinergic synapses in the brain. A, Distribution of Hig in the brain. Frontal sections of the anterior and posterior brain regions are shown. Hig was observed in the entire synaptic region labeled with Brp in the WT brain, whereas Hig signals disap ...
... Figure 1. Hig localizes in the synaptic clefts of cholinergic synapses in the brain. A, Distribution of Hig in the brain. Frontal sections of the anterior and posterior brain regions are shown. Hig was observed in the entire synaptic region labeled with Brp in the WT brain, whereas Hig signals disap ...
Review Prostaglandins in non-insectan invertebrates: recent
... Key words: barnacle, coral, cyclooxygenase, eicosanoid, leukotriene, two main types; the classical forms, such as PGE2 and prostaglandin, prostaglandin D synthase, tunicate, Ciona intestinalis, Balanus amphitrite. PGD2 that are found in mammals, and novel forms ...
... Key words: barnacle, coral, cyclooxygenase, eicosanoid, leukotriene, two main types; the classical forms, such as PGE2 and prostaglandin, prostaglandin D synthase, tunicate, Ciona intestinalis, Balanus amphitrite. PGD2 that are found in mammals, and novel forms ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... Richter, 1986; De Lanerolle, 1990; Behrend and Schuller, 2000); and blocking of its excitatory neurotransmission eliminates specific frequency-modulated (FM) vocalizations electrically elicitable from the periaqueductal gray (Jürgens, 2000). In a recent study in the squirrel monkey, we showed that ...
... Richter, 1986; De Lanerolle, 1990; Behrend and Schuller, 2000); and blocking of its excitatory neurotransmission eliminates specific frequency-modulated (FM) vocalizations electrically elicitable from the periaqueductal gray (Jürgens, 2000). In a recent study in the squirrel monkey, we showed that ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
... severely compromises their quality of life. The extent to which the practical difficulties of daily life for people with spinal cord injury, which disrupts the links between the brain and the autonomic control of the body’s organs, absorb personal energy and resources should not be underestimated by ...
... severely compromises their quality of life. The extent to which the practical difficulties of daily life for people with spinal cord injury, which disrupts the links between the brain and the autonomic control of the body’s organs, absorb personal energy and resources should not be underestimated by ...
Decreased cohesin in the brain leads to defective synapse
... expression analysis to identify the genes responsible for the phenotype, beginning with RNA-sequencing of cortical tissue samples from postnatal day 1 (P1) Smc3+/+ or Smc3+/− mice (Fig. 8 A and Table S1). We then focused on the time course of expression during dendritic formation (P1–P21). We found ...
... expression analysis to identify the genes responsible for the phenotype, beginning with RNA-sequencing of cortical tissue samples from postnatal day 1 (P1) Smc3+/+ or Smc3+/− mice (Fig. 8 A and Table S1). We then focused on the time course of expression during dendritic formation (P1–P21). We found ...
Identification of key signaling molecules involved - diss.fu
... Thermoregulation is a crucial homeostatic function orchestrated by the central nervous system for all homothermic animals to obtain an optimal thermal environment. The thermoregulatory center of homothermic animals is located in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, which not only receives the temp ...
... Thermoregulation is a crucial homeostatic function orchestrated by the central nervous system for all homothermic animals to obtain an optimal thermal environment. The thermoregulatory center of homothermic animals is located in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, which not only receives the temp ...
Descending Inhibitory Systems
... is impaired and this is associated with a loss of noradrenergic and serotoninergic fibers in the spinal dorsal horn (Iwata et al., 2002). Conditioning noxious stimulation, which presumably activates descending pain modulatory pathways, has induced a weaker pain suppressive effect in females than in ...
... is impaired and this is associated with a loss of noradrenergic and serotoninergic fibers in the spinal dorsal horn (Iwata et al., 2002). Conditioning noxious stimulation, which presumably activates descending pain modulatory pathways, has induced a weaker pain suppressive effect in females than in ...
Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
Electrical Stimulation of the Horizontal Limb of the Diagonal Band
... Modulatory effects of acetylcholine have been shown to play a role in olfactory behavior. In particular, the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine has been shown to impair short-term memory for odors (Ravel et al. 1994), habituation to familiar odors (Hunter and Murray 1989), and odor-based social recog ...
... Modulatory effects of acetylcholine have been shown to play a role in olfactory behavior. In particular, the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine has been shown to impair short-term memory for odors (Ravel et al. 1994), habituation to familiar odors (Hunter and Murray 1989), and odor-based social recog ...
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Aplysia californica and Molecular
... a multitude of molecular changes that may result in learned behaviors. Mammalian systems may be difficult to work use to understand learned behaviors due to highly complex nervous systems; the human brain consists of one trillion neurons and highly complicated neuronal networks, making it difficult ...
... a multitude of molecular changes that may result in learned behaviors. Mammalian systems may be difficult to work use to understand learned behaviors due to highly complex nervous systems; the human brain consists of one trillion neurons and highly complicated neuronal networks, making it difficult ...
How PACAP CeA Infusion Alters Mechanical and Thermal Sensitivity
... related to pain, temperature, touch, and itching. These axons cross the midline and travel up the anterolateral white matter of the contralateral spinal cord. The fibers of the spinothalamic tract project to the thalamus where they form synapses in the thalamic ventral posterior nucleus (VPN). Neuro ...
... related to pain, temperature, touch, and itching. These axons cross the midline and travel up the anterolateral white matter of the contralateral spinal cord. The fibers of the spinothalamic tract project to the thalamus where they form synapses in the thalamic ventral posterior nucleus (VPN). Neuro ...
![[ H]GABA and - The University of Sydney](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016554642_1-7f0b2cb4433d1c3e90388924056f48a4-300x300.png)
[ H]GABA and - The University of Sydney
... cerebral cortex (85 ± 9%), the retina (63 ± 2%), or the cerebellum (55 ± 10%; Fig. 2). CACA (100 µM) had no significant effect on the potassium3 stimulated release of [ H]GABA in the spinal cord, cortex, and retina (Table 1). Preincubation of cerebellar and retinal slices with unlabeled βalanine (10 ...
... cerebral cortex (85 ± 9%), the retina (63 ± 2%), or the cerebellum (55 ± 10%; Fig. 2). CACA (100 µM) had no significant effect on the potassium3 stimulated release of [ H]GABA in the spinal cord, cortex, and retina (Table 1). Preincubation of cerebellar and retinal slices with unlabeled βalanine (10 ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
Duration Tuning across Vertebrates
... generated by two single-compartment neurons: one providing excitation timed relative to stimulus onset (onset-evoked) and the other providing excitation timed relative to stimulus offset (offset-evoked). Neurons with transient, onset-evoked responses are found throughout the central auditory pathway ...
... generated by two single-compartment neurons: one providing excitation timed relative to stimulus onset (onset-evoked) and the other providing excitation timed relative to stimulus offset (offset-evoked). Neurons with transient, onset-evoked responses are found throughout the central auditory pathway ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... The results show that: 1) 25% of the IC neurons are GABAergic; 2) there are more GABAergic neurons in the central nucleus of the IC than previously estimated; 3) GABAergic neurons are larger than non-GABAergic; 4) GABAergic neurons receive less GABA and glycine puncta than non-GABAergic; 5) differen ...
... The results show that: 1) 25% of the IC neurons are GABAergic; 2) there are more GABAergic neurons in the central nucleus of the IC than previously estimated; 3) GABAergic neurons are larger than non-GABAergic; 4) GABAergic neurons receive less GABA and glycine puncta than non-GABAergic; 5) differen ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... Introduction Defects in cholesterol synthesis can have devastating effects on the developing nervous system, including corpus callosum agenesis (Waterham, 2002). Even during development, when the blood– brain barrier has not fully formed yet, the brain normally synthesizes the majority of its choles ...
... Introduction Defects in cholesterol synthesis can have devastating effects on the developing nervous system, including corpus callosum agenesis (Waterham, 2002). Even during development, when the blood– brain barrier has not fully formed yet, the brain normally synthesizes the majority of its choles ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
Reward and Aversion
... of the above components DA signals has just started. Furthermore, the field has begun to appreciate the huge degree of heterogeneity in the reward system in terms of functionality, cell composition, transmitter type, and neural connectivity. DA neurons are much more diverse than originally thought, ...
... of the above components DA signals has just started. Furthermore, the field has begun to appreciate the huge degree of heterogeneity in the reward system in terms of functionality, cell composition, transmitter type, and neural connectivity. DA neurons are much more diverse than originally thought, ...
PDF
... cortical GABAergic interneurons and ventral forebrain cholinergic neurons (FCNs) (Alifragis et al., 2004; Bachy and Retaux, 2006; Du et al., 2008; Fragkouli et al., 2005; Lavdas et al., 1999; Liodis et al., 2007; Marin et al., 2000; Mori et al., 2004; Zhao et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2003). During em ...
... cortical GABAergic interneurons and ventral forebrain cholinergic neurons (FCNs) (Alifragis et al., 2004; Bachy and Retaux, 2006; Du et al., 2008; Fragkouli et al., 2005; Lavdas et al., 1999; Liodis et al., 2007; Marin et al., 2000; Mori et al., 2004; Zhao et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2003). During em ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... movements from rostral FN. Seated monkeys were rotated sinusoidally around a horizontal earth-fixed axis (vertical stimulation) at different orientations 157 apart (including roll, pitch, vertical canal plane and intermediate planes). In addition, sinusoidal rotations around an earth-vertical axis ( ...
... movements from rostral FN. Seated monkeys were rotated sinusoidally around a horizontal earth-fixed axis (vertical stimulation) at different orientations 157 apart (including roll, pitch, vertical canal plane and intermediate planes). In addition, sinusoidal rotations around an earth-vertical axis ( ...