1 Glycolysis and carbon-carbon bond chemistry I. Intro to Glycolysis
... However, organisms had been photosynthesizing since at least a thousand million years before that. What happened to the O2 those early organisms produced? One idea holds that the evolved oxygen was complexed with iron to form ferric oxide; when the iron was saturated with oxygen, it began to appear ...
... However, organisms had been photosynthesizing since at least a thousand million years before that. What happened to the O2 those early organisms produced? One idea holds that the evolved oxygen was complexed with iron to form ferric oxide; when the iron was saturated with oxygen, it began to appear ...
Step 1: Hexokinase
... • Redox reactions – Usually involve 2 e-, 2 H+ in the cell – Catalyzed by dehydrogenases ...
... • Redox reactions – Usually involve 2 e-, 2 H+ in the cell – Catalyzed by dehydrogenases ...
Diagrams
... Which is easier to read? This… The primary source of energy for nearly all life is the Sun. The energy in sunlight is introduced into the biosphere by a process known as photosynthesis, which occurs in plants, algae and some types of bacteria. Photosynthesis can be defined as the physio-chemical pr ...
... Which is easier to read? This… The primary source of energy for nearly all life is the Sun. The energy in sunlight is introduced into the biosphere by a process known as photosynthesis, which occurs in plants, algae and some types of bacteria. Photosynthesis can be defined as the physio-chemical pr ...
Columbia College
... 1. Describe the first law of thermodynamics related to energy balance and biologic work. 2. Define the terms potential energy and kinetic energy, and give examples of each. 3. Give examples of exergonic and endergonic chemical processes within the body, and indicate their importance. 4. State the se ...
... 1. Describe the first law of thermodynamics related to energy balance and biologic work. 2. Define the terms potential energy and kinetic energy, and give examples of each. 3. Give examples of exergonic and endergonic chemical processes within the body, and indicate their importance. 4. State the se ...
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism
... 3. The enzyme may make the microenvironment for a reaction more favorable than normal. 4. The active site may actually participate in the chemical reaction (covalently) and the remaining steps of the reaction restore the enzyme to its beginning conformation enabling it to perform another reaction. ...
... 3. The enzyme may make the microenvironment for a reaction more favorable than normal. 4. The active site may actually participate in the chemical reaction (covalently) and the remaining steps of the reaction restore the enzyme to its beginning conformation enabling it to perform another reaction. ...
Enzyme cofactors
... • the thiol reacts with the carboxyl forming a thioester • e.g. transfer of FA from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion • high-energy compound participating in many metabolic reactions (-oxidation of FA, citric acid cycle, biosynthesis of lipids…) ...
... • the thiol reacts with the carboxyl forming a thioester • e.g. transfer of FA from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion • high-energy compound participating in many metabolic reactions (-oxidation of FA, citric acid cycle, biosynthesis of lipids…) ...
I-1 I. Introduction BIOCHEMISTRY = METABOLISM At first you may
... proceeds with the release of free energy. Thus a carbon compound that is hydrogen-rich is a better "fuel" than one that is oxygen-rich. For example, the free energy arising from the combustion of a mole of hexane (C 6H14) = 1000 kcal/mole (1000 Cal) while for glucose (C6H12O6) it is 700 kcal/mole.) ...
... proceeds with the release of free energy. Thus a carbon compound that is hydrogen-rich is a better "fuel" than one that is oxygen-rich. For example, the free energy arising from the combustion of a mole of hexane (C 6H14) = 1000 kcal/mole (1000 Cal) while for glucose (C6H12O6) it is 700 kcal/mole.) ...
Photosynthesis Modeling Activity
... ● four rectangles, each with one of these chemical formulas: C6H12O6, CO2, H2O, and O2, and the name of the molecule that each chemical formula represents ● one rectangle with → to represent a chemical reaction ● two rectangles with + ● one rectangle with sunlight 1. Arrange the eight rectangles for ...
... ● four rectangles, each with one of these chemical formulas: C6H12O6, CO2, H2O, and O2, and the name of the molecule that each chemical formula represents ● one rectangle with → to represent a chemical reaction ● two rectangles with + ● one rectangle with sunlight 1. Arrange the eight rectangles for ...
Nutrition & Metabolism
... Phospholipids for membranes and myelin Cholesterol for membranes, vitamin D, steroid hormones, and bile salts ...
... Phospholipids for membranes and myelin Cholesterol for membranes, vitamin D, steroid hormones, and bile salts ...
Chapter_02_4E - Ironbark (xtelco)
... Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, resulting in the formation of H2O, CO2, and 38-39 molecules of ATP • Fat oxidation involves β-oxidation of free fatty acids, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain to produce more ATP than carbohydrate • The maximum rate of ATP formation from ...
... Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, resulting in the formation of H2O, CO2, and 38-39 molecules of ATP • Fat oxidation involves β-oxidation of free fatty acids, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain to produce more ATP than carbohydrate • The maximum rate of ATP formation from ...
Slide 1
... • electron transport system • oxidative phosphorylation • Oxidizes pyruvate to ATP & CO2 • Text pg 117 • So why is ATP so important? ...
... • electron transport system • oxidative phosphorylation • Oxidizes pyruvate to ATP & CO2 • Text pg 117 • So why is ATP so important? ...
Basic Biology - NIU Department of Biological Sciences
... of the molecule. The membrane is a “phospholipid bilayer”. • The membrane also contains cholesterol and various proteins. The proteins act as sensors, attachment points, cell recognition, or they transport small molecules through the membrane. • Only water, a few gasses, and a few other small non-po ...
... of the molecule. The membrane is a “phospholipid bilayer”. • The membrane also contains cholesterol and various proteins. The proteins act as sensors, attachment points, cell recognition, or they transport small molecules through the membrane. • Only water, a few gasses, and a few other small non-po ...
Chapter 3 - Los Angeles City College
... changes shape and lowers activation energy of the reaction by one of several mechanisms: • Straining chemical bonds of the substrate • Bringing two or more reactants close together • Providing “micro-environment” conducive to reaction 3. Release: Once product is made, it is released from active site ...
... changes shape and lowers activation energy of the reaction by one of several mechanisms: • Straining chemical bonds of the substrate • Bringing two or more reactants close together • Providing “micro-environment” conducive to reaction 3. Release: Once product is made, it is released from active site ...
Transmission Electron Microscopy I. Introduction
... as a phosphor, causing the material to emit visible light. The most common example is the screen of a television. • Cathodoluminescence occurs because the impingement of a high energy electron beam onto a semiconductor will result in the promotion of electrons from the valence band into the conducti ...
... as a phosphor, causing the material to emit visible light. The most common example is the screen of a television. • Cathodoluminescence occurs because the impingement of a high energy electron beam onto a semiconductor will result in the promotion of electrons from the valence band into the conducti ...
Slide 1
... – 6-C citrate then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate oxaloacetate (4-C molecule ) – Glucose is completely oxidized in this phase – For one turn of the cycle products are 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 , 1 ATP (by SLP), 2 CO2 ...
... – 6-C citrate then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate oxaloacetate (4-C molecule ) – Glucose is completely oxidized in this phase – For one turn of the cycle products are 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 , 1 ATP (by SLP), 2 CO2 ...
Exam 3 Q2 Review Sheet 1/2/11
... 17. Describe how chemiosmosis and an electrochemical gradient are involved in oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Define the two underlined terms. 18. Identify the three stages of cell respiration. 19. Explain what is meant by intermediates. 20. Describe the main purpose for doing glycolysis a ...
... 17. Describe how chemiosmosis and an electrochemical gradient are involved in oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Define the two underlined terms. 18. Identify the three stages of cell respiration. 19. Explain what is meant by intermediates. 20. Describe the main purpose for doing glycolysis a ...
9.3 Fermentation
... I. Fermentation • There is a pathway that can make ATP without oxygen • Fermentation: the process of glycolysis and the anaerobic pathway combined • Without oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP ...
... I. Fermentation • There is a pathway that can make ATP without oxygen • Fermentation: the process of glycolysis and the anaerobic pathway combined • Without oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP ...
I. Metabolism
... Many other carbon sources can be utilized by the specific enzyme systems in the microorganisms. Thus special microorganisms can be applied as “waste disposal units”, forming the basis of environmental biotechnology. Ex: microbial degradation of oils and fatty acids. ...
... Many other carbon sources can be utilized by the specific enzyme systems in the microorganisms. Thus special microorganisms can be applied as “waste disposal units”, forming the basis of environmental biotechnology. Ex: microbial degradation of oils and fatty acids. ...
Atomic Structure - The Student Room
... electron from the nucleus; Nuclear Charge – The greater the nuclear charge, the greater the attractive force of the outer electrons. Therefore the more energy needed to remove an electron from the outer shell. This increases across a period. Electron Shielding – more inner electron shells shield the ...
... electron from the nucleus; Nuclear Charge – The greater the nuclear charge, the greater the attractive force of the outer electrons. Therefore the more energy needed to remove an electron from the outer shell. This increases across a period. Electron Shielding – more inner electron shells shield the ...
Part 2. The Quantum Particle in a Box
... Next, if we were to add electrons to an otherwise „empty‟ material, and then left the electrons alone, they would ultimately occupy their equilibrium distribution. As you might imagine, at equilibrium, the lowest energy states are filled first, and then the next lowest, and so on. At T = 0K, state f ...
... Next, if we were to add electrons to an otherwise „empty‟ material, and then left the electrons alone, they would ultimately occupy their equilibrium distribution. As you might imagine, at equilibrium, the lowest energy states are filled first, and then the next lowest, and so on. At T = 0K, state f ...
... 5. (12 pts). Please answer one of the following four choices. Please indicate your choice. Choice A: The South Beach diet suggests that the dieter completely eliminate carbohydrates from their diet. Should athletes with high energy demands, such a sprinters, go on this diet? Why or why not? Choice B ...
Respiration - Indian River Research and Education Center
... –Energy that is not captured as ATP (or other molecule), or is not completely used up in a biological process is lost as heat ...
... –Energy that is not captured as ATP (or other molecule), or is not completely used up in a biological process is lost as heat ...