• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
I. Background - Berks Catholic
I. Background - Berks Catholic

... been completely oxidized  All the H’s have been removed from glucose Electron Transport a. Reason – even though glucose has been oxidized very little energy has been released. It is all tied up in NADH.  Energy must be released by passing the electrons to lower energy levels. This is done by elect ...
2-4_EnergyProd_FabinyiB
2-4_EnergyProd_FabinyiB

... It not just generates ATP but also provides precursor for creating amino acids. As glycolysis, CAC also regulated in several ways for energy preserving. The created NADHs transfers electrons to the electron transport chain. Oxidative phosphorylation uses the pH gradient and electrical potential that ...
(light) reactions
(light) reactions

... • endergonic reactions absorb energy ...
MEMBRANE-BOUND ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ATP
MEMBRANE-BOUND ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ATP

... A negative redox potential means that a substance has a lower affinity for electrons than H2 . A positive redox potential means a substance has a higher affinity for electrons than H2. NAD+/ NADH at -0.32V is a strong reducing agent and poised to donate electrons 1/2 O2/ H2O at +0.82V is a strong ox ...
Introduction to Photosynthesis
Introduction to Photosynthesis

... White light is a mixture of all wavelengths (and colors) of light ...
Lecture 4 - Greening Lab
Lecture 4 - Greening Lab

... reductant. Cyanobacteria, plants, and algae can use non-cyclic schemes that use waterderived electrons to reduce NADP+ to sustain photosynthetic dark reactions. ...
102Chapter 07 - Photosynthesis
102Chapter 07 - Photosynthesis

... • Photon: Packet of light energy • When photon hits leaf, the light is either: 1) Absorbed 2) Reflected (bounced back) 3) Transmitted (passes through) • Chlorophyll and accessory pigments (e.g. carotenoids) absorb specific wavelengths of light ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... Steps of the E.T.C. STEP 1: the electron carriers that picked up electrons in glycolysis, no name step, and the Kreb’s cycle pass their electrons to the first molecule of the electron transport chain STEP 2: with each successive pass to other carriers, the electrons lose energy STEP 3: The energy l ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

... At the end of the chain, the electrons are passed to oxygen which then picks up a pair of hydrogen ions, forming water FADH2 adds electrons to the chain starting at complex II Complexes I, III, and IV pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space resulting in a higher concentrat ...
Questions 6 Metabolism_1
Questions 6 Metabolism_1

... a) pyruvate, ribose-5-phosphate, and NADPH b) NADPH, ribose-5-phosphate, and erythrose-4-phosphate c) pyruvate, citrate, and erythrose-4-phosphate d) pyruvate, erythrose-4-phosphate, and ribose-5-phosphate e) citrate, NADPH, and ribose-5-phosphate 17) Microorganisms that rely solely on fermentation ...
Document
Document

... • Aerobic Respiration will proceed via Krebs Cycle and an ETC if there is oxygen to react as a terminal electron acceptor. • Oxygen is not the only possible terminal electron acceptor in some bacteria (e.g. NO3 or SO4 can be used); called Anaerobic Respiration. ...
If you did a 10 minute wall sit, what would your muscles start to feel
If you did a 10 minute wall sit, what would your muscles start to feel

... If you did a 10 minute wall sit, what would your muscles start to feel like? Why do they begin to feel like that? ...
respir532
respir532

... The pumping of H+ ions into the INTERMEMBRANE SPACE represents _______________________ potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels ATP SYNTHASE back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ ...
Cellular Respiration PPT 12-13-Cooke
Cellular Respiration PPT 12-13-Cooke

... • NADH and FADH2 from earlier give up electrons which goes through a series of carrier molecules to provide energy to produce ATP. • H+ ions are used to drive the process. They combine with O2 to produce H2O. ...
A. glycolysis
A. glycolysis

... 1. oxidative phosphorylation – electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen – the energy released from this process is used to turn ADP into ATP – use of an electron transport chain (chemiosmosis) 2. substrate level phosphorylation – addition of a phosphate gro ...
Metabolism Objective Project
Metabolism Objective Project

... by blocking substrates from entering active sites Non competitive inhibitors bind away from the active site, but change the shape of the enzyme so the active ...
Chapter 14 (Part 1)
Chapter 14 (Part 1)

... Q-Cycle ...
Chapter 14 - Part I
Chapter 14 - Part I

... process called oxidative phosphorylation • Cells that require large amounts of energy such as the heart have large numbers of mitochondria ...
CELL METABOLISM - My Anatomy Mentor
CELL METABOLISM - My Anatomy Mentor

... 2 net ATP formed (4 total made; 2 used = 2 net) ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... O2 gains hydrogen atoms to form water O2 is an electron grabber – pulls harder than other atoms to get electrons these hydrogen movements represent electron transfers each hydrogen atom consists of one electron and one proton electrons move along with hydrogens from glucose to O2 it is as if they ar ...
biology 110
biology 110

... 8. Energywise, what is it that green plants can do that no other organisms can? 9. Explain and diagram cyclic photophosphorylation using these terms: photsynthetic unit reaction center photons antenna molecules acceptor molecules energized electron ...
Note Pages for Monday 12/3 and Tuesday 12/4
Note Pages for Monday 12/3 and Tuesday 12/4

... you must collect your energy in another way. All animals, all fungi, some protists, and some prokaryotes are ________________________, or “other makers,” which means they consume calories. We get your energy from _________. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are reservoirs of energy. A series of chem ...
XII. LIGHT REACTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, cont
XII. LIGHT REACTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, cont

...  Collection of molecules, each more electronegative than the one before it  Molecules are reduced, then oxidized as electrons are passed down the chain  Oxygen is ultimate electron acceptor  Purpose is to establish H+ gradient on two sides of inner mitochondrial membrane  Energy from “falling e ...
File
File

...  Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast  CO2, ATP and NADPH goes in  Glucose (C6H12O6), ADP + P, and NADP+ comes out  NADP+ Energy needed in the light reactions to bond a ...
Cell Resp. Study Guide
Cell Resp. Study Guide

... 28. What is the role of the electron transport chain in forming the H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane? ...
< 1 ... 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 ... 286 >

Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report