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Photosynthesis File
Photosynthesis File

... concentration gradient back into the stroma. This diffusion powers the phosphorylation of ADP via ATP synthase. Photosynthesis video. Use light dependent first part only. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joZ1EsA5_NY ...
Biology Chapter 7
Biology Chapter 7

... 12 ________ + CO2 —> + O2 + C6H12O6 10. Supply the appropriate information to state the equation for photosynthesis (above) in words: (a) _____________________ molecules of water plus six molecules of (b)____________________ (in the presence of pigments, enzymes, and sunlight) yield six molecules of ...
electron transport chain
electron transport chain

... explains that the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation are coupled by a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The efflux of protons creates both a pH gradient and an electrochemical gradient This proton gradient is used by the F0F1 ATP synthase complex to make AT ...
Electron Transport Chains of Photosynthesis
Electron Transport Chains of Photosynthesis

... NADPH is an electron carrier that provides the high-energy electrons needed to make carbon-hydrogen bonds in the third stage of photosynthesis. ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation

... GLYCOLYSIS (in cytoplasm) ...
Photophosphorylation
Photophosphorylation

... useful information on the organization of the different cofactors (Krauss et al., 1996). In photosystem I the antenna chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll a components of the electron transfer chain (six chlorophyll a), are associated with two proteins, PsaA and PsaB, that form the reaction centre heterodi ...
9.2 Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Reading Guide
9.2 Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Reading Guide

... 30. A runner needs more energy for a longer race. How does the body generate the necessary ATP? Cellular respiration is the only way to generate a continuing supply of ATP. 31. Why are aerobic forms of exercise so beneficial for weight control? Stores of glycogen used in cellular respiration usually ...
Trends in the periodic table - Brigham Young University
Trends in the periodic table - Brigham Young University

... • Shielding effect of core electrons (S) • Nuclear effective charge, Zeff • Zeff = Z – S – What is Z? What is S? ...
Section 9–2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport (pages 226–232)
Section 9–2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport (pages 226–232)

... 30. A runner needs more energy for a longer race. How does the body generate the necessary ATP? Cellular respiration is the only way to generate a continuing supply of ATP. 31. Why are aerobic forms of exercise so beneficial for weight control? Stores of glycogen used in cellular respiration usually ...
Photosynthesis Reading Guide 1. Define photosynthesis in your
Photosynthesis Reading Guide 1. Define photosynthesis in your

... 3. State and describe the three stages of photosynthesis. 4. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? 5. Draw and label a diagram depicting the inside of a chloroplast. 6. What is the function of a photosystem? 6.2 How Plants Capture Energy from Sunlight 1. Explain the different energies of ...
10. Prokaryotic bioenergetics
10. Prokaryotic bioenergetics

... so that biological molecules can often be reduced without oxidizing another molecule. 2. The energy in a molecule that has acquired an electron (= a reduced molecule) is stored by exciting that electron, i.e., it is placed in an orbital having higher energy. ...
Chapter 5 Quiz: Cellular respiration and fermentation Mark your
Chapter 5 Quiz: Cellular respiration and fermentation Mark your

... 3) Where does the energy come from to make ATP during glycolysis? a. ...
Jeopardy Review Enzyme/Energetics
Jeopardy Review Enzyme/Energetics

... The process of breaking down pyruvates in the absence of oxygen to obtain energy ...
Energy Transfer and Glycolysis Cellular Respiration • Remember
Energy Transfer and Glycolysis Cellular Respiration • Remember

...  There are two main types  Substrate-Level Phosphorylation: an enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy level molecule to ADP, creating ATP  For each glucose molecule processed, 4 ATP molecules are generated this way in Glycolysis and 2 in the Kreb’s Cycle (See Fig.2, ...
Fall Exam 3
Fall Exam 3

... Orbital energies increase in the order 3s < 3p < 3d because orbital penetration decreases in the order 3s > 3p > 3d. Orbital energies increase in the order 3s < 3p < 3d because the Schrödinger equation predicts that orbital energy depends only on the angular momentum quantum number, l. Orbital energ ...
The Theme of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Glycolysis and Cellular
The Theme of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Glycolysis and Cellular

... The main point of oxidative phosphorylation is the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to power ATP production. Similarly, the main purpose of playing arcade games is to win tickets for prizes (okay, and also maybe to have fun and earn high scores in the games). NADH is more often the electron ...
energy and the cell
energy and the cell

... ethanol as a by product.  We use this to produce alcoholic beverages and foods.  The carbon dioxide given off by yeast fermentation causes bread to rise. ...
Chapter 5 Bacterial Metabolism
Chapter 5 Bacterial Metabolism

... • These pumps move protons (H+) out of the cytosol to the outside of the membrane • This movement results in build up of protons (H+) outside the membrane and creates an electrical potential • The protons are then moved back into the cell through a protein channel which has an enzyme called ATP synt ...
An outline of glycolysis. Each of the 10 steps shown is catalyzed by
An outline of glycolysis. Each of the 10 steps shown is catalyzed by

... Mitochondria are present in nearly all eukaryotic cells and it is in these organelles that most of cell’s ATP is generated. When glucose converted to pyruvate by glycolysis, less than 10% of total free energy potentially available from the glucose is released. In mitochondria, the metabolism of suga ...
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration

... Cellular respiration vs fermentation Energy released is used to do work and some is lost as heat ATP is produced ...
Unique plant respiration
Unique plant respiration

... • Internal rotenone-insensitive dehydrogenase - oxidizes internal membrane NADH only Plant respiration • Complex IV inhibited by CN, but much plant respiration continues with CN • Cyanide (CN)-insensitive respiration - insensitive to many respiratory ...
Bacterial Metabolism and Growth
Bacterial Metabolism and Growth

... – All NADH molecules formed in the previous steps bring the electrons they have gained to the electron ...
Chapter 6 Nutrition and Metabolism
Chapter 6 Nutrition and Metabolism

... The rate of diffusion across selectively permeable membranes is greatly increased by the use of carrier proteins, sometimes called permeases, which are embedded in the plasina membrane. Since the diffusion process is aided by a carrier, it is called facilitated diffusion. The rate of facilitated dif ...
Unit 3 Notes
Unit 3 Notes

... 6. While the above steps take place, photosystem I also absorbs light energy. a. Energy transferred to a reaction centre b. Electron becomes excited c. Electron passed to electron acceptor i. Missing electron from reaction centre is replaced by electron from the end of photosystem II transport chain ...
photosynthesis - Olympic High School
photosynthesis - Olympic High School

... PHOTOSYNTHESIS ...
< 1 ... 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 ... 286 >

Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
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