Potential switch from eupnea to fictive gasping after blockade of
... peak phrenic activity could only be compared for a subset of the preparations after some experimental perturbations. In these procedures, requiring extended times for completion, it was necessary to reposition the recording electrode periodically. Hence, changes in values of peak phrenic activity co ...
... peak phrenic activity could only be compared for a subset of the preparations after some experimental perturbations. In these procedures, requiring extended times for completion, it was necessary to reposition the recording electrode periodically. Hence, changes in values of peak phrenic activity co ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... response map types that are typical of unexposed animals. These maps are actually taken from exposed animals, but are at BFs with little or no threshold shift. The right column shows response maps at BFs with substantial threshold shift. Type II response maps (Fig. 2A) show narrowly-tuned excitatory ...
... response map types that are typical of unexposed animals. These maps are actually taken from exposed animals, but are at BFs with little or no threshold shift. The right column shows response maps at BFs with substantial threshold shift. Type II response maps (Fig. 2A) show narrowly-tuned excitatory ...
Physio
... Deltoid Muscle (C5,6,7)—axillary nerve Intrinsic muscles of Hand (C8, T1. C5,6,7 also) Examine power, reflexes Standard neuro exam Reflexes, likely LMN; if UMN suspect motor neurone disease Determine level of brachial plexus lesion Push against wall – serratus anterior supplied by long tho ...
... Deltoid Muscle (C5,6,7)—axillary nerve Intrinsic muscles of Hand (C8, T1. C5,6,7 also) Examine power, reflexes Standard neuro exam Reflexes, likely LMN; if UMN suspect motor neurone disease Determine level of brachial plexus lesion Push against wall – serratus anterior supplied by long tho ...
Biological Cybernetics
... neurons firing all the time) do not convey information. On the other hand, Hinton’s formula shows that for r → 0, the resolution is also bad. Therefore, an optimal value for the receptive field size exists, the calculation of which requires a more general formalism for the evaluation of the resoluti ...
... neurons firing all the time) do not convey information. On the other hand, Hinton’s formula shows that for r → 0, the resolution is also bad. Therefore, an optimal value for the receptive field size exists, the calculation of which requires a more general formalism for the evaluation of the resoluti ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... cats (38), and dogs (51). Therefore, to rapidly initiate thermoregulatory responses before environmental thermal challenges affect body core temperature, feedforward thermal afferent information from skin thermoreceptors needs to be delivered to thermoregulatory command neurons that are located in t ...
... cats (38), and dogs (51). Therefore, to rapidly initiate thermoregulatory responses before environmental thermal challenges affect body core temperature, feedforward thermal afferent information from skin thermoreceptors needs to be delivered to thermoregulatory command neurons that are located in t ...
Full Text - Anesth Pain Med
... and/or with restlessness or agitation (1). Female patients who suffer from CH attacks describe the pain as ‘worse than childbirth’ (6). The pain intensity is estimated to be 100 to 1000 times worse than migraine (7). CH has three cardinal features: the distribution of pain in the first division of t ...
... and/or with restlessness or agitation (1). Female patients who suffer from CH attacks describe the pain as ‘worse than childbirth’ (6). The pain intensity is estimated to be 100 to 1000 times worse than migraine (7). CH has three cardinal features: the distribution of pain in the first division of t ...
The neural encoding of self-generated and externally applied
... afferents and their target neurons in the vestibular nuclei has been well characterized in alert behaving monkeys. Notably, neurons predominantly encode rotational head velocity and linear head ...
... afferents and their target neurons in the vestibular nuclei has been well characterized in alert behaving monkeys. Notably, neurons predominantly encode rotational head velocity and linear head ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
... Supplemental Experimental Methods). It was also not due to simple volume conduction of an evoked potential: many rule-selective electrode pairs were spatially interspersed with electrodes with either the opposite or no synchronous rule preference (22/79 or 28%, see Supplemental Experimental Methods ...
... Supplemental Experimental Methods). It was also not due to simple volume conduction of an evoked potential: many rule-selective electrode pairs were spatially interspersed with electrodes with either the opposite or no synchronous rule preference (22/79 or 28%, see Supplemental Experimental Methods ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... temperature (⬎ 39.2°C) increased activity of pulmonary C-fibers (139). Cutaneous Thermosensory Afferent Pathways to the POA Environmental cooling and warming signals sensed by cutaneous cool and warm receptors, respectively, activate separate primary somatosensory neurons that innervate neurons in t ...
... temperature (⬎ 39.2°C) increased activity of pulmonary C-fibers (139). Cutaneous Thermosensory Afferent Pathways to the POA Environmental cooling and warming signals sensed by cutaneous cool and warm receptors, respectively, activate separate primary somatosensory neurons that innervate neurons in t ...
Neural Correlates of Vibrissa Resonance: Band
... and averaging across the sample (see Experimental Procedures). In the case of BF-centered plots, no assumption is made about the association between neural tuning and vibrissa tuning. In contrast, FRF-centered tuning curves make no assumption about frequency tuning of neural activity, and data were ...
... and averaging across the sample (see Experimental Procedures). In the case of BF-centered plots, no assumption is made about the association between neural tuning and vibrissa tuning. In contrast, FRF-centered tuning curves make no assumption about frequency tuning of neural activity, and data were ...
Autonomic nervous system
... General Functions of the Nervous System • Central Nervous System (CNS) ...
... General Functions of the Nervous System • Central Nervous System (CNS) ...
Autonomic nervous system
... General Functions of the Nervous System • Central Nervous System (CNS) ...
... General Functions of the Nervous System • Central Nervous System (CNS) ...
Pathfinding by cranial nerve VII (facial) motorneurons
... molecules that are fixed in place, or they could exist as diffusible molecules. In order to function as a guidance cue, immobilized molecules would be expected to be distributed in a restricted spatial pattern, and diffusible molecules in a gradient. Evidence that both these types of guidance cues m ...
... molecules that are fixed in place, or they could exist as diffusible molecules. In order to function as a guidance cue, immobilized molecules would be expected to be distributed in a restricted spatial pattern, and diffusible molecules in a gradient. Evidence that both these types of guidance cues m ...
Referred Pain - Electromedicine
... Mappings of referred pain are, by necessity, averages of numerous individual variations in the way small nerve branches grow and develop. This can result in the general boundary between distributions being millimeters or even centimeters different between individuals. Not only do the borders become ...
... Mappings of referred pain are, by necessity, averages of numerous individual variations in the way small nerve branches grow and develop. This can result in the general boundary between distributions being millimeters or even centimeters different between individuals. Not only do the borders become ...
Article
... mammals, sharing many similarities [4, 5]. CPG networks underlying locomotion exhibit features common to many neural circuits, such as spatio-temporal coordination and flexibility. Each cycle of motor output involves sequences of muscle contraction and relaxation in multiple parts of the body, and c ...
... mammals, sharing many similarities [4, 5]. CPG networks underlying locomotion exhibit features common to many neural circuits, such as spatio-temporal coordination and flexibility. Each cycle of motor output involves sequences of muscle contraction and relaxation in multiple parts of the body, and c ...
Corina Wirth and Hans
... electrode spacing, 140 m; tip height, 42 m; impedance, 400 – 600 k⍀ (Ayanda Biosystems SA, Lausanne, Switzerland). The MEA was covered with 0.1% polyethylenimine (PEI) dissolved in distilled water. Excess PEI solution was removed after ⬃2 h. The MEA was rinsed with distilled water and left to dry. ...
... electrode spacing, 140 m; tip height, 42 m; impedance, 400 – 600 k⍀ (Ayanda Biosystems SA, Lausanne, Switzerland). The MEA was covered with 0.1% polyethylenimine (PEI) dissolved in distilled water. Excess PEI solution was removed after ⬃2 h. The MEA was rinsed with distilled water and left to dry. ...
Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Psychophysical studies typically involve a subject performing a specific task (pushing a button, pointing, or reaching for an object) on signal. Light or sound cues may be used to instruct the subjects to delay a response or to vary it. The physiological circuits mediating behavior can be understood ...
... Psychophysical studies typically involve a subject performing a specific task (pushing a button, pointing, or reaching for an object) on signal. Light or sound cues may be used to instruct the subjects to delay a response or to vary it. The physiological circuits mediating behavior can be understood ...
reciprocal inhibition in the motor nervous system of the nematode
... Either square wave single pulses or trains of pulses were used to stimulate the dendrite of the excitatory motoneuron. In cases where large amplitude VI responses were not observed, signal averaging was routinely used to detect possible low amplitude signals. Some experiments employed bipolar wirest ...
... Either square wave single pulses or trains of pulses were used to stimulate the dendrite of the excitatory motoneuron. In cases where large amplitude VI responses were not observed, signal averaging was routinely used to detect possible low amplitude signals. Some experiments employed bipolar wirest ...
The Organization of Behavioral Repertoire in Motor Cortex
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
Cardiovascular Regulation by the Arcuate Nucleus of
... as one of its major targets brought this nucleus to the front stage of the neural control of energy homeostasis. The ARC was recognized as the site of first-order neurons in the neural circuits regulating metabolism. The information about the nutritional status of the organism received by these neur ...
... as one of its major targets brought this nucleus to the front stage of the neural control of energy homeostasis. The ARC was recognized as the site of first-order neurons in the neural circuits regulating metabolism. The information about the nutritional status of the organism received by these neur ...
Full-Text PDF
... ability to target specific neuronal populations. Targeting subpopulations requires stimuli designed to evoke activity in particular neurons or brain regions while simultaneously preventing activation of off-target neurons or brain regions [3,4]. Improvements in selective stimulation are applicable t ...
... ability to target specific neuronal populations. Targeting subpopulations requires stimuli designed to evoke activity in particular neurons or brain regions while simultaneously preventing activation of off-target neurons or brain regions [3,4]. Improvements in selective stimulation are applicable t ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... increases systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and decreases heart rate (HR). We investigated if the cardioinhibitory/depressor areas, including the nucleus ambiguus (NA), the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) and the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), underlied the functional expression of FT ...
... increases systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and decreases heart rate (HR). We investigated if the cardioinhibitory/depressor areas, including the nucleus ambiguus (NA), the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) and the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), underlied the functional expression of FT ...
Descending Inhibitory Systems
... throughout the body (Levine et al., 1991). Tonic influence of descending controls has been studied by blocking brainstem–spinal pathways. At behavioral level, the net effect caused by a block of descending pathways is predominantly facilitation of reflexes, although the descending influence depends ...
... throughout the body (Levine et al., 1991). Tonic influence of descending controls has been studied by blocking brainstem–spinal pathways. At behavioral level, the net effect caused by a block of descending pathways is predominantly facilitation of reflexes, although the descending influence depends ...
Microneurography
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.