surgical anatomy of dorsal root entry zone of cervical spinal nerves
... Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Hospital P.Wertheimer, University of Lyon, France. ABSTRACT ...
... Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Hospital P.Wertheimer, University of Lyon, France. ABSTRACT ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... to the reactions of typical respiratory neurons in the efferent part of the central rhythmogenic structure. Whereas respiration runs closely parallel with inspiratory neuron activity the behaviour of expiratory neurons cannot be derived from the resulting reflex changes of respiration. So expiratory ...
... to the reactions of typical respiratory neurons in the efferent part of the central rhythmogenic structure. Whereas respiration runs closely parallel with inspiratory neuron activity the behaviour of expiratory neurons cannot be derived from the resulting reflex changes of respiration. So expiratory ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
... elicit reliable neuronal responses (Avillac et al., 2005) without provoking saccades, eye blinks, or other observable aversive reactions that may occur with air puffs applied at stronger pressure values (1.0 bar) and from a larger distance from the face (at 5 cm) (Cooke and Graziano, 2003). Because ...
... elicit reliable neuronal responses (Avillac et al., 2005) without provoking saccades, eye blinks, or other observable aversive reactions that may occur with air puffs applied at stronger pressure values (1.0 bar) and from a larger distance from the face (at 5 cm) (Cooke and Graziano, 2003). Because ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... asleep, perhaps unique to infants, reflects the enhanced plasticity of the brain early in development (Fifer et al., 2010). In contrast with this intense and growing interest in sleep and its effects on cognitive function, it is noteworthy that one of the most striking behavioral manifestations of s ...
... asleep, perhaps unique to infants, reflects the enhanced plasticity of the brain early in development (Fifer et al., 2010). In contrast with this intense and growing interest in sleep and its effects on cognitive function, it is noteworthy that one of the most striking behavioral manifestations of s ...
Phantom limb pain: a case of maladaptive CNS plasticity?
... and protect the neurons. Microglia are a special form of small glial cells; they have immune functions and can be involved in inflammatory actions. ...
... and protect the neurons. Microglia are a special form of small glial cells; they have immune functions and can be involved in inflammatory actions. ...
Chapter 15 - Houston Community College Learning Web
... • Carry sensations of fast pain, or prickling pain, such as that caused by an injection or a deep cut • Sensations reach the CNS quickly and often trigger somatic reflexes ...
... • Carry sensations of fast pain, or prickling pain, such as that caused by an injection or a deep cut • Sensations reach the CNS quickly and often trigger somatic reflexes ...
Estimating Fast Neural Input Using Anatomical and
... fast and slow chemical synapses, astrocytes, vasculatures, extracellular ions, ephaptic signals and gap junctions can be divided into a specific signal (blue, top) and a background signal (green, bottom). In this review article, we have focused on how to estimate the specific input from fast chemica ...
... fast and slow chemical synapses, astrocytes, vasculatures, extracellular ions, ephaptic signals and gap junctions can be divided into a specific signal (blue, top) and a background signal (green, bottom). In this review article, we have focused on how to estimate the specific input from fast chemica ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... can be initiated in various neocortical layers: an optical imaging study. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1965–1973, 1999. The initiation site for triggering epileptiform activity was investigated via optical imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes in the neocortical slice perfused with artificial cerebral spinal ...
... can be initiated in various neocortical layers: an optical imaging study. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1965–1973, 1999. The initiation site for triggering epileptiform activity was investigated via optical imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes in the neocortical slice perfused with artificial cerebral spinal ...
Bionic Brain is a Potentiated Novel Therapy for Cardiovascular
... mechanism that stabilizes AP. Previous many studies have demonstrated that sympathoexcitation with baroreflex failure is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and/or heart failure. In the aspects of the therapies targeting baroreflex failure, several studies h ...
... mechanism that stabilizes AP. Previous many studies have demonstrated that sympathoexcitation with baroreflex failure is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and/or heart failure. In the aspects of the therapies targeting baroreflex failure, several studies h ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... is likely part of the rapid synaptogenesis and maturation of cortical activity patterns observed postnatally. Thus a close examination of activity in primary sensory cortex during the fetal period will be necessary to determine to what extent the resting state fMRI detects adult-like functional netw ...
... is likely part of the rapid synaptogenesis and maturation of cortical activity patterns observed postnatally. Thus a close examination of activity in primary sensory cortex during the fetal period will be necessary to determine to what extent the resting state fMRI detects adult-like functional netw ...
Spasticity and muscle contracture following stroke
... The angle and IEMG signals were subjected to cross correlational and spectral analysis (McRuer and Krendel, 1959; Neilson, 1972) to quantify any tonic stretch reflexes present. This analysis allows stretch-evoked muscle activity at the stretching frequencies of 2 and 3.5 Hz to be distinguished from ...
... The angle and IEMG signals were subjected to cross correlational and spectral analysis (McRuer and Krendel, 1959; Neilson, 1972) to quantify any tonic stretch reflexes present. This analysis allows stretch-evoked muscle activity at the stretching frequencies of 2 and 3.5 Hz to be distinguished from ...
chapter_9_powerpoint_le - AandP2010-2011
... The region of positive charge causes nearby voltage gated sodium channels to close. Just after the sodium channels close, the potassium channels open wide, and potassium exits the axon, so the charge across the membrane is brought back to its resting potential. This is called repolarization. ...
... The region of positive charge causes nearby voltage gated sodium channels to close. Just after the sodium channels close, the potassium channels open wide, and potassium exits the axon, so the charge across the membrane is brought back to its resting potential. This is called repolarization. ...
PHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN
... Nociceptors are not uniformly sensitive. They fall into several categories, depending on their responses to mechanical, thermal, and/or chemical stimulation liberated by the damage, tumor, and/or inflammation. Skin Nociceptors. Skin nociceptors may be divided into four categories based on function. ...
... Nociceptors are not uniformly sensitive. They fall into several categories, depending on their responses to mechanical, thermal, and/or chemical stimulation liberated by the damage, tumor, and/or inflammation. Skin Nociceptors. Skin nociceptors may be divided into four categories based on function. ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... 2005; Moratti et al. 2014). Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms of completion or filling in are far from being completely understood. Using electrophysiological recordings, Fiorani Júnior et al. (1992) observed an apparent topographic organization within the BSR in area V1. Visual stimulation was sh ...
... 2005; Moratti et al. 2014). Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms of completion or filling in are far from being completely understood. Using electrophysiological recordings, Fiorani Júnior et al. (1992) observed an apparent topographic organization within the BSR in area V1. Visual stimulation was sh ...
Brainstem: Midbrain - nikolai.lazarov.pro
... controls the muscles of the shoulder&upper arm in humans – vestigial (dominated by corticospinal tract): large muscle movement such as that for arms and legs arm-swinging in normal walking crawling of babies Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov ...
... controls the muscles of the shoulder&upper arm in humans – vestigial (dominated by corticospinal tract): large muscle movement such as that for arms and legs arm-swinging in normal walking crawling of babies Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov ...
Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... division (Fig. S2A-E). These results confirmed a high degree of order in the trigeminal peripheral system during prenatal development (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983) and supported the validity of our tracing procedure. To investigate the spatial arrangement of whisker-specific central collateral tar ...
... division (Fig. S2A-E). These results confirmed a high degree of order in the trigeminal peripheral system during prenatal development (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983) and supported the validity of our tracing procedure. To investigate the spatial arrangement of whisker-specific central collateral tar ...
Fig. - Development - The Company of Biologists
... division (Fig. S2A-E). These results confirmed a high degree of order in the trigeminal peripheral system during prenatal development (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983) and supported the validity of our tracing procedure. To investigate the spatial arrangement of whisker-specific central collateral tar ...
... division (Fig. S2A-E). These results confirmed a high degree of order in the trigeminal peripheral system during prenatal development (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983) and supported the validity of our tracing procedure. To investigate the spatial arrangement of whisker-specific central collateral tar ...
The Role of Histamine H1 , H2 and H3 Receptors on Enteric
... histamine-containing nerve terminals in rat cerebral cortex (Arrang et al., 1983), but have since been shown to inhibit the release of a variety of neurotransmitters in both central (Schilicker et al., 1988) and peripheral tissues (Ishikawa and Sperelakis, 1987). Hew et al. (1990) have demonstrated ...
... histamine-containing nerve terminals in rat cerebral cortex (Arrang et al., 1983), but have since been shown to inhibit the release of a variety of neurotransmitters in both central (Schilicker et al., 1988) and peripheral tissues (Ishikawa and Sperelakis, 1987). Hew et al. (1990) have demonstrated ...
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... Although neural responses to sound stimuli have been thoroughly investigated in various areas of the auditory cortex, the results electrophysiological recordings cannot establish a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb ne ...
... Although neural responses to sound stimuli have been thoroughly investigated in various areas of the auditory cortex, the results electrophysiological recordings cannot establish a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb ne ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... NgR. Implications of the Distribution of NgR and Nogo-66 for the Regulation of Axonal Sprouting and Regeneration in the Brain and Spinal Cord It has been widely assumed that Nogo is a protein predominantly expressed by oligodendrocytes, capable of causing the collapse of growth cones with which it c ...
... NgR. Implications of the Distribution of NgR and Nogo-66 for the Regulation of Axonal Sprouting and Regeneration in the Brain and Spinal Cord It has been widely assumed that Nogo is a protein predominantly expressed by oligodendrocytes, capable of causing the collapse of growth cones with which it c ...
Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system
... stations to other CNS structures where they influence perception, cognition, emotion regulation, somatic expression, and behavior [49–52]. The fact that breathing is the only autonomic function that can easily be voluntarily controlled provides a portal through which specific selected breathing patter ...
... stations to other CNS structures where they influence perception, cognition, emotion regulation, somatic expression, and behavior [49–52]. The fact that breathing is the only autonomic function that can easily be voluntarily controlled provides a portal through which specific selected breathing patter ...
brachial plexus center - St. Louis Children`s Hospital
... hand at birth and make no recovery during the first two months. These are cases of severe injury, in which spontaneous recovery is impossible. Surgery at 3 months of age is recommended. The second are those who make some recovery but have severe weakness in some muscles of shoulder, arm and hand by ...
... hand at birth and make no recovery during the first two months. These are cases of severe injury, in which spontaneous recovery is impossible. Surgery at 3 months of age is recommended. The second are those who make some recovery but have severe weakness in some muscles of shoulder, arm and hand by ...
Chapter 7 complete ppt-1 - West Branch Local School District
... Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP ...
... Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP ...
PDF
... techniques similar to those of Hamburger (1939), cuts were made with electrolytically sharpened tungsten needles rostral and caudal to the wing bud and between the wing bud and the somites as close as possible to the lateral border of the posterior cardinal vein, leaving the wing bud attached ventra ...
... techniques similar to those of Hamburger (1939), cuts were made with electrolytically sharpened tungsten needles rostral and caudal to the wing bud and between the wing bud and the somites as close as possible to the lateral border of the posterior cardinal vein, leaving the wing bud attached ventra ...
MUSCULOSKELETAL BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF BRACHIAL
... Figure III-III: Maximum isometric joint moments produced by muscles crossing the shoulder during a simulated static strength assessment. Joint moments were calculated with the arm at 45° of shoulder elevation in the coronal plane, and the elbow, forearm, and wrist in neutral positions. Maximum isome ...
... Figure III-III: Maximum isometric joint moments produced by muscles crossing the shoulder during a simulated static strength assessment. Joint moments were calculated with the arm at 45° of shoulder elevation in the coronal plane, and the elbow, forearm, and wrist in neutral positions. Maximum isome ...
Microneurography
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.