File
... finding places to lay eggs, and/or monitoring their internal environments. Animals receive chemical information with special receptor neurons called chemoreceptors. Chemoreception can take a number of different forms, often depending on the environment an organism lives in. In humans and most terres ...
... finding places to lay eggs, and/or monitoring their internal environments. Animals receive chemical information with special receptor neurons called chemoreceptors. Chemoreception can take a number of different forms, often depending on the environment an organism lives in. In humans and most terres ...
The Cerebellum - krigolson teaching
... processing layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the cell bodies and dendrites of two types of inhibitory interneurons, the stellate and basket cells, as well as the extensive dendrites of Purkinje cells. It also contains the axons of the granule cells, called the parallel fibers because they ...
... processing layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the cell bodies and dendrites of two types of inhibitory interneurons, the stellate and basket cells, as well as the extensive dendrites of Purkinje cells. It also contains the axons of the granule cells, called the parallel fibers because they ...
Medial Sphenoid Wing Meningioma
... meningiomas). Spheno-orbital meningiomas will be discussed in the Lateral Sphenoid Wing Meningioma chapter. There are no specific pathologic or genetic features for medial sphenoid wing meningiomas. Some of these tumors are caused by ionizing radiation. Surgical management of medial sphenoid wing m ...
... meningiomas). Spheno-orbital meningiomas will be discussed in the Lateral Sphenoid Wing Meningioma chapter. There are no specific pathologic or genetic features for medial sphenoid wing meningiomas. Some of these tumors are caused by ionizing radiation. Surgical management of medial sphenoid wing m ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Global Anatomy Home Page
... areas that are closely associated with a particular sensory modality or motor cortex, but whose functions are clearly more complex and “global” in nature than the primary areas. Most of what is presently known about the function of association areas is derived from the effects of lesions. Functions ...
... areas that are closely associated with a particular sensory modality or motor cortex, but whose functions are clearly more complex and “global” in nature than the primary areas. Most of what is presently known about the function of association areas is derived from the effects of lesions. Functions ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... spatially offset inhibition and its role in producing orientationselective responses remain somewhat unclear. A challenge is that RF structures evidently depend, in part, on the stimuli used to characterize them. In response to scanned, raised-dot stimuli, ⬎90% of area 3b neurons showed one or more ...
... spatially offset inhibition and its role in producing orientationselective responses remain somewhat unclear. A challenge is that RF structures evidently depend, in part, on the stimuli used to characterize them. In response to scanned, raised-dot stimuli, ⬎90% of area 3b neurons showed one or more ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... aimed to confirm histologically as many IO stimulation sites as possible (see Fig. 1d). By adopting these approaches, it therefore seems reasonable to assume that the IO was the main if not exclusive target of spinal projection neurons identified in this study and the term “spino-olivary” is used ac ...
... aimed to confirm histologically as many IO stimulation sites as possible (see Fig. 1d). By adopting these approaches, it therefore seems reasonable to assume that the IO was the main if not exclusive target of spinal projection neurons identified in this study and the term “spino-olivary” is used ac ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... species [8,9]. They are characterized by an endothelialized blood vascular system, an eversible proboscis housed in a fluid-filled secondary body cavity (the rhynchocoel), and a ring-shaped brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohisto ...
... species [8,9]. They are characterized by an endothelialized blood vascular system, an eversible proboscis housed in a fluid-filled secondary body cavity (the rhynchocoel), and a ring-shaped brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohisto ...
INVESTIGATING THE SOPHISTICATION OF LONG-LATENCY UPPER LIMB
... Although this theory can explain how people move in the world, it does not specifically describe how this control process is implemented by the nervous system. In this thesis, we propose and explore one physiological implication of this theory. Specifically, we hypothesize that rapid feedback respon ...
... Although this theory can explain how people move in the world, it does not specifically describe how this control process is implemented by the nervous system. In this thesis, we propose and explore one physiological implication of this theory. Specifically, we hypothesize that rapid feedback respon ...
Selective Loss of Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide
... diabetic mice, the number of immunoreactive CGRP Acells was reduced by 29% (P ⫽ 0.004), and the relative number of immunoreactive CGRP A-cells was reduced from 25.2 to 16.9% (P ⫽ 0.002) (Table 3). Likewise, the A-cell–to–B-cell ratio of immunoreactive CGRP cells declined to 0.15 ⫾ 0.03 (P ⬍ 0.001) ( ...
... diabetic mice, the number of immunoreactive CGRP Acells was reduced by 29% (P ⫽ 0.004), and the relative number of immunoreactive CGRP A-cells was reduced from 25.2 to 16.9% (P ⫽ 0.002) (Table 3). Likewise, the A-cell–to–B-cell ratio of immunoreactive CGRP cells declined to 0.15 ⫾ 0.03 (P ⬍ 0.001) ( ...
PRINCIPLES OF TENDON TRANSFERS
... • Bevin (Hand 1976): • 12 radial nerve repairs compared with 13 tendon transfers. • Tendon transfer group returned to work in ...
... • Bevin (Hand 1976): • 12 radial nerve repairs compared with 13 tendon transfers. • Tendon transfer group returned to work in ...
science of acupuncture
... over 2000 years, recently some have criticized that acupuncture in dogs and cats in perhaps only 25 years-old. This may be true, since dogs and cats were not considered important animals in ancient China and certainly were not an integral part of the household as they have become in the West until r ...
... over 2000 years, recently some have criticized that acupuncture in dogs and cats in perhaps only 25 years-old. This may be true, since dogs and cats were not considered important animals in ancient China and certainly were not an integral part of the household as they have become in the West until r ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System - U
... • Standard X-rays can’t be used for studying the brain because the brain is composed of many overlapping structures that all absorb X-rays to about the same degree • Contrast X-rays solve this problem in some cases; a radio-opaque material is introduced into the structure of interest to make it “sta ...
... • Standard X-rays can’t be used for studying the brain because the brain is composed of many overlapping structures that all absorb X-rays to about the same degree • Contrast X-rays solve this problem in some cases; a radio-opaque material is introduced into the structure of interest to make it “sta ...
Phasic Activation of Individual Neurons in the Locus Ceruleus
... spike rate measured in a 100-ms-wide window, defined separately for each unit relative to sensory or motor events. For sensory activation, the 100 ms response window had a start time between 50 and 100 ms after go-signal onset, chosen to provide the maximum spike rate from that interval. For motor a ...
... spike rate measured in a 100-ms-wide window, defined separately for each unit relative to sensory or motor events. For sensory activation, the 100 ms response window had a start time between 50 and 100 ms after go-signal onset, chosen to provide the maximum spike rate from that interval. For motor a ...
Swallowing reflex and brain stem neurons activated by superior
... that innervate the oropharyngeal striated muscles. Interneurons in SolI and SolIM also project onto central solitary subnuclei (SolCe) interneurons (8). SolCe neurons are premotor neurons for motoneurons in the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus (NAc) that innervate the esophageal striated mu ...
... that innervate the oropharyngeal striated muscles. Interneurons in SolI and SolIM also project onto central solitary subnuclei (SolCe) interneurons (8). SolCe neurons are premotor neurons for motoneurons in the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus (NAc) that innervate the esophageal striated mu ...
Basal Ganglia YAYDAR 2012-2013
... Determining the timing and scale of movement: to what extent the movement will be fast, and how long it will last. Storage of motor programs of familiar motor actions: e.g. signature. ...
... Determining the timing and scale of movement: to what extent the movement will be fast, and how long it will last. Storage of motor programs of familiar motor actions: e.g. signature. ...
Slides - Computational Brain Imaging Group
... represents an individual participant. Panel C shows the signature response versus the pain intensity for heat, pain-anticipation, and pain-recall conditions. Signature response values were calculated by taking the dot product of the signature-pattern weights and parameter estimates from a standard, ...
... represents an individual participant. Panel C shows the signature response versus the pain intensity for heat, pain-anticipation, and pain-recall conditions. Signature response values were calculated by taking the dot product of the signature-pattern weights and parameter estimates from a standard, ...
Probing electrical signals in the retina via graphene
... soma and is associated with the “blind spot” in visual perception. However, it is an area of concentrated electrical activity due to the tight bundling of unmyelinated RGC axons. Various techniques have been developed to study the neural activity in the retina and other neural networks. Patch-clamp ...
... soma and is associated with the “blind spot” in visual perception. However, it is an area of concentrated electrical activity due to the tight bundling of unmyelinated RGC axons. Various techniques have been developed to study the neural activity in the retina and other neural networks. Patch-clamp ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... brain circuits. The value of human functional imaging is apparent in studies of the amygdala during fear conditioning. An integrated study of the nociceptive connections, emotional activation and behavioural conditioning has provided important insights into the sensory inputs to the amygdala and its ...
... brain circuits. The value of human functional imaging is apparent in studies of the amygdala during fear conditioning. An integrated study of the nociceptive connections, emotional activation and behavioural conditioning has provided important insights into the sensory inputs to the amygdala and its ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... in keeping with prior studies showing that a flashed object can also attract attention (Yantis and Jonides, 1984, 1996; Egeth and Yantis, 1997). Measurements of the locus of attention, defined as the visual field location with enhanced contrast sensitivity, confirmed that attention was initially cap ...
... in keeping with prior studies showing that a flashed object can also attract attention (Yantis and Jonides, 1984, 1996; Egeth and Yantis, 1997). Measurements of the locus of attention, defined as the visual field location with enhanced contrast sensitivity, confirmed that attention was initially cap ...
A Comparison of Neural Spike Classification Techniques.
... associated with the Medial Sensillum. The first classification technique to be discussed is template matching [1,2]. Each class is associated with a template vector. In our case the templates are identical to the ensemble averages. The template method computes the root of the squared difference betw ...
... associated with the Medial Sensillum. The first classification technique to be discussed is template matching [1,2]. Each class is associated with a template vector. In our case the templates are identical to the ensemble averages. The template method computes the root of the squared difference betw ...
segregation of stimulus phase and intensity coding in the cochlear
... of discrimination which select some arbitrary cutoff level (along some quantitative measure of phase locking such as vector strength) and reject any responses which fall below that level. These methods are artificial because some assumption must be made about what does or does not represent a level ...
... of discrimination which select some arbitrary cutoff level (along some quantitative measure of phase locking such as vector strength) and reject any responses which fall below that level. These methods are artificial because some assumption must be made about what does or does not represent a level ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... the capillary bed serving activated neurons (Ances et al. 2001; Frostig et al. 1990; Kim et al. 2000; Malonek and Grinvald 1996; Malonek et al. 1997; Thompson et al. 2003) as the area of imaged activity generated from this epoch has been previously found to be well correlated with the underlying are ...
... the capillary bed serving activated neurons (Ances et al. 2001; Frostig et al. 1990; Kim et al. 2000; Malonek and Grinvald 1996; Malonek et al. 1997; Thompson et al. 2003) as the area of imaged activity generated from this epoch has been previously found to be well correlated with the underlying are ...
Flint_Chapter 163_main.indd
... point away from its striola, which curves and hooks superiorly in its anterior portion. Each macula is essentially a linear accelerometer, with the saccular macula encoding acceleration roughly within a parasagittal plane (along the naso-occipital and superoinferior axes), and the utric ular macula ...
... point away from its striola, which curves and hooks superiorly in its anterior portion. Each macula is essentially a linear accelerometer, with the saccular macula encoding acceleration roughly within a parasagittal plane (along the naso-occipital and superoinferior axes), and the utric ular macula ...
download file
... Theories of temporal coding by cortical neurons are supported by observations that individual neurons can respond to sensory stimulation with millisecond precision and that activity in large populations is often highly correlated. Synchronization is highest between neurons with overlapping receptive ...
... Theories of temporal coding by cortical neurons are supported by observations that individual neurons can respond to sensory stimulation with millisecond precision and that activity in large populations is often highly correlated. Synchronization is highest between neurons with overlapping receptive ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... The general view on the functional role of the monkey inferior parietal lobule (IPL) convexity mainly derives from studies carried out more than two decades ago and does not account for the functional complexity suggested by more recent neuroanatomical findings. We investigated this issue by recordi ...
... The general view on the functional role of the monkey inferior parietal lobule (IPL) convexity mainly derives from studies carried out more than two decades ago and does not account for the functional complexity suggested by more recent neuroanatomical findings. We investigated this issue by recordi ...
Microneurography
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.