Somatosensory System Organization and Texture Sensation in Rats
... 21.6C). Beyond the special case of whiskers, it is common to refer to a brain representation as a “map” whenever the spatial relationship among sensory receptors is conserved in the central representation of the sense organ. A historical note on the discovery of cortical somatosensory maps is given ...
... 21.6C). Beyond the special case of whiskers, it is common to refer to a brain representation as a “map” whenever the spatial relationship among sensory receptors is conserved in the central representation of the sense organ. A historical note on the discovery of cortical somatosensory maps is given ...
Axons, but not cell bodies, are activated by electrical stimulation in
... microelectrodes that were glued to the iontophoresis micropipettes. The lateral separation between the microelectrode and the pipette tips was 60, 120, and 150 m for three electrode assemblies from which the results shown in Fig. 1 were obtained. For the recordings obtained with the electrode assem ...
... microelectrodes that were glued to the iontophoresis micropipettes. The lateral separation between the microelectrode and the pipette tips was 60, 120, and 150 m for three electrode assemblies from which the results shown in Fig. 1 were obtained. For the recordings obtained with the electrode assem ...
Anatomical Distribution of Serotonin- Containing
... immunohistochemical preparations exhibited different aspects in their morphology and orientation. A first distinction could be made between varicose and non-varicose immunoreactive nerve fibers. The non-varicose axons had a more or less consistent diameter ranging from less than 1 to 2 m. They usua ...
... immunohistochemical preparations exhibited different aspects in their morphology and orientation. A first distinction could be made between varicose and non-varicose immunoreactive nerve fibers. The non-varicose axons had a more or less consistent diameter ranging from less than 1 to 2 m. They usua ...
Guidelines for Long-Term Monitoring for Epilepsy
... 1. Epidural and subdural electrodes are used to record over the surface of the brain. Electrode “grids” are made of small platinum or stainless steel disks that are embedded into soft silastic. Each grid has 4 to 64 contact points, a few millimeters to about 1 cm apart. Grids are placed epi- or subd ...
... 1. Epidural and subdural electrodes are used to record over the surface of the brain. Electrode “grids” are made of small platinum or stainless steel disks that are embedded into soft silastic. Each grid has 4 to 64 contact points, a few millimeters to about 1 cm apart. Grids are placed epi- or subd ...
Chapter 9 Nervous System
... tracts are based on the origin and the termination of the fibers in the tract. Many spinal reflexes also pass through the spinal cord. ...
... tracts are based on the origin and the termination of the fibers in the tract. Many spinal reflexes also pass through the spinal cord. ...
Chemical Nature of Synaptic Transmission in Vertebrates
... activation of these cells is enhanced by anticholinesterases and blocked by ACh antagonists ...
... activation of these cells is enhanced by anticholinesterases and blocked by ACh antagonists ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... display conditioned responses. Increases in background activity (5/22) developed in animals that became more tonically aroused during conditioning. However, both increases (11/22) and decreases (10/22) in evoked activity developed independently of the rate of pupillary learning, tonic arousal level, ...
... display conditioned responses. Increases in background activity (5/22) developed in animals that became more tonically aroused during conditioning. However, both increases (11/22) and decreases (10/22) in evoked activity developed independently of the rate of pupillary learning, tonic arousal level, ...
Applied Neuro-Ophthalmology – Web References © 2009
... cooperation and effort). Usually lesion in midbrain (trauma, demyelination or infarction within brainstem). 4.6.2 Divergence insufficiency & paralysis is an ET at distance. 4.6.2.1. Insufficiency (primary divergence insufficiency) is due to divergence impairment in healthy individual – self limited ...
... cooperation and effort). Usually lesion in midbrain (trauma, demyelination or infarction within brainstem). 4.6.2 Divergence insufficiency & paralysis is an ET at distance. 4.6.2.1. Insufficiency (primary divergence insufficiency) is due to divergence impairment in healthy individual – self limited ...
pdf
... continue through the posterior limb of the internal capsule to the cerebral peduncle on their way to the lateral funiculus. Corticobulbar fibers converge into the corona radiata and continue through the genu of the internal capsule to the cerebral peduncle where they lie medial and dorsal to the cor ...
... continue through the posterior limb of the internal capsule to the cerebral peduncle on their way to the lateral funiculus. Corticobulbar fibers converge into the corona radiata and continue through the genu of the internal capsule to the cerebral peduncle where they lie medial and dorsal to the cor ...
Pain - Nexcesscdn.net
... and subjective nature of pain that makes it difficult to manage clinically. There are three main types of afferent nerves that are involved in pain transmission based on structure, degree of myelination, and function. A-beta fibers transmit sensory information regarding touch, vibration, and hair defle ...
... and subjective nature of pain that makes it difficult to manage clinically. There are three main types of afferent nerves that are involved in pain transmission based on structure, degree of myelination, and function. A-beta fibers transmit sensory information regarding touch, vibration, and hair defle ...
Motor Cortex Neural Correlates of Output Kinematics and Kinetics
... (Sergio and Kalaska 1997, 2003). They used their whole arm to exert forces against the rigid rod. The rod passed freely through a small hole in a thin metal plate that was attached by hinges to the top edge, furthest away from the monkey, of a box that housed the transducer. The free end of the plat ...
... (Sergio and Kalaska 1997, 2003). They used their whole arm to exert forces against the rigid rod. The rod passed freely through a small hole in a thin metal plate that was attached by hinges to the top edge, furthest away from the monkey, of a box that housed the transducer. The free end of the plat ...
Berberine Information - Health Walk Medical Clinic
... Proteus, cholera, Shigella, Salmonella, and tuberculosis (TB). It also exhibits antiviral activity against Influenza A (including ‘Swine Flu’), and antifungal activity against Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus. It has antiprotozoan activity against Entamoeba and Giardia. Diabetes: Clinical repo ...
... Proteus, cholera, Shigella, Salmonella, and tuberculosis (TB). It also exhibits antiviral activity against Influenza A (including ‘Swine Flu’), and antifungal activity against Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus. It has antiprotozoan activity against Entamoeba and Giardia. Diabetes: Clinical repo ...
Central Nervous System
... What is the purpose of a myelin sheath? One of the purposes of myelin is to increase the speed of the action potential (ie nerve impulse). It provides insulation which allows the nerve impulses to travel more quickly along the length of the nerve. The impulse hops from one node of Ranvier to th ...
... What is the purpose of a myelin sheath? One of the purposes of myelin is to increase the speed of the action potential (ie nerve impulse). It provides insulation which allows the nerve impulses to travel more quickly along the length of the nerve. The impulse hops from one node of Ranvier to th ...
the mechanism of acupuncture and clinical applications
... and serotonin. Encephalin is secreted by most of the nerve fibers originating in periaqueductal gray substance and the nucleus of the periventricularis and terminate in the rafe magnus nucleus. Encephalin shows high affinity to opioid receptors delta and mül (Chen et al., 1996). Encephalin, which is ...
... and serotonin. Encephalin is secreted by most of the nerve fibers originating in periaqueductal gray substance and the nucleus of the periventricularis and terminate in the rafe magnus nucleus. Encephalin shows high affinity to opioid receptors delta and mül (Chen et al., 1996). Encephalin, which is ...
Xavier Nadal i Roura PARTICIPATION OF THE ENDOGENOUS OPIOID AND CANNABINOID SYSTEMS
... sensitize them by means of reducing their threshold activation. In this type of pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia are present as a consequence of peripheral or central sensitization. Hyperalgesia means that painful stimuli of low intensity are perceived as they were of high intensity. In the case of ...
... sensitize them by means of reducing their threshold activation. In this type of pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia are present as a consequence of peripheral or central sensitization. Hyperalgesia means that painful stimuli of low intensity are perceived as they were of high intensity. In the case of ...
Complete nervous system 11
... The spinal cord begins at the base of the brain and extends as a slender cord to the level of the intervertebral disk between the first and second lumbar vertebrae. ...
... The spinal cord begins at the base of the brain and extends as a slender cord to the level of the intervertebral disk between the first and second lumbar vertebrae. ...
The psychophisiology of pain: a literature review - Reciis
... complex experience not only involving the transduction of a noxious stimulus but also the cognitive and emotional process occurring in the brain (CHAPMAN et al., 1999; JULIUS et al., 2001; ALMEIDA et al., 2004). The phenomenon pain involves thus two components: the first is the sensory-discriminativ ...
... complex experience not only involving the transduction of a noxious stimulus but also the cognitive and emotional process occurring in the brain (CHAPMAN et al., 1999; JULIUS et al., 2001; ALMEIDA et al., 2004). The phenomenon pain involves thus two components: the first is the sensory-discriminativ ...
audition - Neuroanatomy
... Sound pressure at the threshold of hearing, which means sounds that are just barely detectable by a normal listener under optimal conditions, is designated as 0 dB sound pressure level, or 0 dB SPL. The accompanying chart shows on a dB scale the approximate sound pressure levels of events in our eve ...
... Sound pressure at the threshold of hearing, which means sounds that are just barely detectable by a normal listener under optimal conditions, is designated as 0 dB sound pressure level, or 0 dB SPL. The accompanying chart shows on a dB scale the approximate sound pressure levels of events in our eve ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
... To objectively quantif y the spatial distribution of FLI neurons within each coronal section, we parceled the traced gNST in each section into six “subfields” based on its dimensions (Fig. 1a). The gNST was first divided into three equal segments by drawing two lines perpendicular to the long axis o ...
... To objectively quantif y the spatial distribution of FLI neurons within each coronal section, we parceled the traced gNST in each section into six “subfields” based on its dimensions (Fig. 1a). The gNST was first divided into three equal segments by drawing two lines perpendicular to the long axis o ...
Temporal coding in the gustatory system
... systematic differences across the various classes of taste stimuli, implying that the temporal characteristics of a response can convey information about a taste stimulus. Studies of temporal coding in the gustatory system have grappled with several unique methodological challenges, including the qu ...
... systematic differences across the various classes of taste stimuli, implying that the temporal characteristics of a response can convey information about a taste stimulus. Studies of temporal coding in the gustatory system have grappled with several unique methodological challenges, including the qu ...
Here is a link
... nervous system (CNS) functions as well as dysfunctions and diseases with certain patterns of the electroencephalogram (EEG) on an empirical basis. Obviously, this method has been found valuable in clinical practice. Therefore, why should the clinical electroencephalographer study the basic elementar ...
... nervous system (CNS) functions as well as dysfunctions and diseases with certain patterns of the electroencephalogram (EEG) on an empirical basis. Obviously, this method has been found valuable in clinical practice. Therefore, why should the clinical electroencephalographer study the basic elementar ...
Pain Physiology SLS
... Pain is a direct or indirect consequence of several diseases. However patients with moderate to severe pain are often under-treated in both developing and developed countries(…) It is important to recognize that pain is a problem in its own right, not “just” an indicator of an underlying disease or ...
... Pain is a direct or indirect consequence of several diseases. However patients with moderate to severe pain are often under-treated in both developing and developed countries(…) It is important to recognize that pain is a problem in its own right, not “just” an indicator of an underlying disease or ...
Central Lateral Line and Auditory Pathways: A Phylogenetic
... sound. The change from aquatic to terrestrial living was accompanied by the loss of lateral line mechanoreceptors in many amphibian species, and it was hypothesized (Larsell, 1934) that the incoming fibers of the newly evolved auditory receptors synapsed upon a portion of the medullary lateralis cen ...
... sound. The change from aquatic to terrestrial living was accompanied by the loss of lateral line mechanoreceptors in many amphibian species, and it was hypothesized (Larsell, 1934) that the incoming fibers of the newly evolved auditory receptors synapsed upon a portion of the medullary lateralis cen ...
M1 Corticospinal Mirror Neurons and Their Role in
... We trained two adult, purpose-bred macaque monkeys to either perform a precision grip between index finger and thumb or watch an experimenter perform the same grip. In one monkey (M43), in which the initial findings were made, the design was very simple: the monkey either grasped a small piece of fr ...
... We trained two adult, purpose-bred macaque monkeys to either perform a precision grip between index finger and thumb or watch an experimenter perform the same grip. In one monkey (M43), in which the initial findings were made, the design was very simple: the monkey either grasped a small piece of fr ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
Microneurography
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.