Forebrain Origins and Terminations of the Medial Forebrain Bundle
... the anterior ventral tegmentum (C. Bielajew and P. Shizgal, manuscript submitted for publication; Gallistel et al., 1981). The detailed quantitative information from these new behavioral methods makes it reasonable to use microelectrode recording methods in a search for the somata of axons that cour ...
... the anterior ventral tegmentum (C. Bielajew and P. Shizgal, manuscript submitted for publication; Gallistel et al., 1981). The detailed quantitative information from these new behavioral methods makes it reasonable to use microelectrode recording methods in a search for the somata of axons that cour ...
- Wiley Online Library
... discordance is the experimental approach used in some of these studies, which was mainly based on the lesion or injection of neuroanatomical tracers into the motor branches of the facial nerve and not directly into the different facial muscles. According to Hinrichsen & Watson (1984), this method mi ...
... discordance is the experimental approach used in some of these studies, which was mainly based on the lesion or injection of neuroanatomical tracers into the motor branches of the facial nerve and not directly into the different facial muscles. According to Hinrichsen & Watson (1984), this method mi ...
Harding, G. W. and A. L. Towe. 1995. Neuron Response to Direct
... stimulation of the cortical surface: those m neurons which receive an inhibitory influence from local s neurons, as estimated from their modulation ratios, do not respond to such stimulation. Some s neurons also fail to respond to this stimulation. Li and Chou (1962) and Sugaya et al. (1964) also fo ...
... stimulation of the cortical surface: those m neurons which receive an inhibitory influence from local s neurons, as estimated from their modulation ratios, do not respond to such stimulation. Some s neurons also fail to respond to this stimulation. Li and Chou (1962) and Sugaya et al. (1964) also fo ...
the electron microscopic localization of
... are resolved within many of these. Deposits of lead sulfide may be seen either surrounding very small axon branches, or as discontinuous patches on the surface of larger axons. The cytological details of the localization of this reaction are more clearly seen at higher magnification in Figs. 7, 8, 9 ...
... are resolved within many of these. Deposits of lead sulfide may be seen either surrounding very small axon branches, or as discontinuous patches on the surface of larger axons. The cytological details of the localization of this reaction are more clearly seen at higher magnification in Figs. 7, 8, 9 ...
The Integrated Nature of Motor Cortical Function
... elbow, and shoulder regions. This shows that intrinsic connections exist between the representations of distal hand and more proximal muscles. Within this massive pattern of intrinsic connections, physiologically identified motor cortical points controlling antagonistic muscles are also linked by in ...
... elbow, and shoulder regions. This shows that intrinsic connections exist between the representations of distal hand and more proximal muscles. Within this massive pattern of intrinsic connections, physiologically identified motor cortical points controlling antagonistic muscles are also linked by in ...
Introduction to Electroencephalography (EEG)
... http://www.blogcdn.com/www.engadget.com/media/2007/01/1-16-07-eeg.jpg ...
... http://www.blogcdn.com/www.engadget.com/media/2007/01/1-16-07-eeg.jpg ...
Author`s personal copy - Vanderbilt University
... pressure. Though the precise mechanisms that mediate or transduce this sensitivity are not clear, the axon of the retinal ganglion cell appears to be vulnerable to disease-relevant stressors early in progression. One reason may be because the axon is generally thin for both its unmyelinated and myel ...
... pressure. Though the precise mechanisms that mediate or transduce this sensitivity are not clear, the axon of the retinal ganglion cell appears to be vulnerable to disease-relevant stressors early in progression. One reason may be because the axon is generally thin for both its unmyelinated and myel ...
18 "1: 1_ Sprouting (Abnormiall1 Actrvlty)
... [0007] Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord With elec trodes placed in the epidural space (or Within the dura) is commonly used to treat a variety of pain problems. It has been scienti?cally tested and approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a safe and effective trea ...
... [0007] Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord With elec trodes placed in the epidural space (or Within the dura) is commonly used to treat a variety of pain problems. It has been scienti?cally tested and approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a safe and effective trea ...
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials
... amplitude on the side contralateral to that being stimulated. Waves VI and VII appear variably after wave V. Amplitudes of BAEP waveforms are extremely variable and, therefore, generally not of clinical significance. In most laboratories, latencies are considered abnormal if they fall beyond three s ...
... amplitude on the side contralateral to that being stimulated. Waves VI and VII appear variably after wave V. Amplitudes of BAEP waveforms are extremely variable and, therefore, generally not of clinical significance. In most laboratories, latencies are considered abnormal if they fall beyond three s ...
Somatosensory Cortical Activity in Relation to Arm Posture
... hand in space. We also used a larger range of hand locations than previous studies, because such an experimental design has the potential to provide a fuller description of a given cell’s discharge (Fu et al. 1993). In agreement with previous results, we found that SI discharge is related in a monot ...
... hand in space. We also used a larger range of hand locations than previous studies, because such an experimental design has the potential to provide a fuller description of a given cell’s discharge (Fu et al. 1993). In agreement with previous results, we found that SI discharge is related in a monot ...
Nerve growth factor receptors in dementia - Tubitak Journals
... Since the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF) about 60 years ago, extensive studies have elaborated on the trophic relationship between a neuron and its end organ. Substantial evidence has accumulated that depicts the crucial role of neurotrophic factors in determining neuronal survival, both dur ...
... Since the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF) about 60 years ago, extensive studies have elaborated on the trophic relationship between a neuron and its end organ. Substantial evidence has accumulated that depicts the crucial role of neurotrophic factors in determining neuronal survival, both dur ...
Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer Thinning Within One Month of
... Given that approximately 50% of retinal ganglion cells are located in the human macula region13 and NAION tends to frequently affect some portion of the central 108 of visual field, exploring the macula region GCL might be useful for detecting early structural loss, particularly when optic nerve hea ...
... Given that approximately 50% of retinal ganglion cells are located in the human macula region13 and NAION tends to frequently affect some portion of the central 108 of visual field, exploring the macula region GCL might be useful for detecting early structural loss, particularly when optic nerve hea ...
Adaptive neural coding: from biological to behavioral decision
... The effect of spatial context on value coding has been primarily examined in sensorimotor regions of frontal and parietal cortex underlying action selection and execution. In these areas, single neurons represent specific actions, allowing observation of alternative-specific neural activity. For exa ...
... The effect of spatial context on value coding has been primarily examined in sensorimotor regions of frontal and parietal cortex underlying action selection and execution. In these areas, single neurons represent specific actions, allowing observation of alternative-specific neural activity. For exa ...
No Direct Projection is Observed from the Substantia Nigra to the
... injection of the retrograde tracer fluoro-gold (FG) into the DVC, FG-labeled neurons were observed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), lateral hypothalamus (LH), inferior olive (IO), and locus coeruleus (LC). No FG-positive cells were observed in the SN or striatum. Furthermore, after ...
... injection of the retrograde tracer fluoro-gold (FG) into the DVC, FG-labeled neurons were observed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), lateral hypothalamus (LH), inferior olive (IO), and locus coeruleus (LC). No FG-positive cells were observed in the SN or striatum. Furthermore, after ...
Smooth Muscle - Judith Brown CPD
... previously mentioned, lacks the sarcomere organization. Smooth muscle contraction speeds are very slow when compared with voluntary muscle, but it can achieve a much greater degree of shortening, and it is very economical to operate. In contrast to the "all or none" reactions associated with nerves ...
... previously mentioned, lacks the sarcomere organization. Smooth muscle contraction speeds are very slow when compared with voluntary muscle, but it can achieve a much greater degree of shortening, and it is very economical to operate. In contrast to the "all or none" reactions associated with nerves ...
Clinical Neurological Examination
... out of the nose. Noting a loss of olfaction (due to a disruption of the olfactory nerve roots where they cross the cribriform plate) with CSF rhinorrhea, in a patient with a history of head trauma, helps establish a diagnosis cribriform plate fracture. ...
... out of the nose. Noting a loss of olfaction (due to a disruption of the olfactory nerve roots where they cross the cribriform plate) with CSF rhinorrhea, in a patient with a history of head trauma, helps establish a diagnosis cribriform plate fracture. ...
The neural subjective frame: from bodily signals to perceptual
... based on first-person methodologies are being developed to try to specifically capture this fundamental property [13,25]. The existing neural theories of consciousness sometimes seem to imply that the first-person perspective inherent to conscious perceptual experience would arise somehow from exter ...
... based on first-person methodologies are being developed to try to specifically capture this fundamental property [13,25]. The existing neural theories of consciousness sometimes seem to imply that the first-person perspective inherent to conscious perceptual experience would arise somehow from exter ...
Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
Role of Cerebral Cortex in Voluntary Movements
... other (spinocerebellar pathway) goes first through the cerebellum, which, in turn, can alter activity in the motor cortex or brain-stem descending systems. One of the roles of the motor cortex is to transform these diverse input signals, including sensory signals, into appropriate output commands co ...
... other (spinocerebellar pathway) goes first through the cerebellum, which, in turn, can alter activity in the motor cortex or brain-stem descending systems. One of the roles of the motor cortex is to transform these diverse input signals, including sensory signals, into appropriate output commands co ...
N.L. Strominger et al. Cerebellum, in Noback`s Human
... action and is important for learning motor tasks. It synchronizes contractions of muscles within and among groups, smoothing out responses by delicately regulating and grading muscle tensions. Thus, it plays an important role in equilibrium and muscle tone. Located in the posterior cranial fossa, be ...
... action and is important for learning motor tasks. It synchronizes contractions of muscles within and among groups, smoothing out responses by delicately regulating and grading muscle tensions. Thus, it plays an important role in equilibrium and muscle tone. Located in the posterior cranial fossa, be ...
Turning on the alarm - Center for Healthy Minds
... transition from innocuous to painful levels of sensation will help us understand not only the neural response to danger but potentially conditions like chronic pain which are characterized by pain that does not provide any adaptively salient information. The primary objective of this study was to pr ...
... transition from innocuous to painful levels of sensation will help us understand not only the neural response to danger but potentially conditions like chronic pain which are characterized by pain that does not provide any adaptively salient information. The primary objective of this study was to pr ...
Brain Research, 178 (1979) 363-380 363 © Elsevier/North
... of very large receptive fields in two regions. The first region was the most anterior part of IT (see Fig. 1C and D). Within this area 67 ~ of the 56 receptive fields were larger than 60 ° × 60 °. The second region with larger receptive fields was the dorsal part of IT, specifically, the floor of th ...
... of very large receptive fields in two regions. The first region was the most anterior part of IT (see Fig. 1C and D). Within this area 67 ~ of the 56 receptive fields were larger than 60 ° × 60 °. The second region with larger receptive fields was the dorsal part of IT, specifically, the floor of th ...
Simulation of myelinated neuron with focus on conduction speed
... found that the shape and the pattern of action potential is influenced by dendritic structure which suggests that changeable excitability could be caused not only by myelination but also by dendritic structure. In this study we tried to build a model that simulates myelination and use this model to ...
... found that the shape and the pattern of action potential is influenced by dendritic structure which suggests that changeable excitability could be caused not only by myelination but also by dendritic structure. In this study we tried to build a model that simulates myelination and use this model to ...
AP150 PATHWAYS ASSIGNMENT
... An action potential begins on a ___UPPER MOTOR_ neurons that leaves the __FRONTAL__ lobe of the brain and passes through the ____CEREBRAL PENDUNCLES__ of the midbrain and then the __PYRAMIDS__ of the medulla oblongata where it then decussates and travels down a __ANTERIOR OR LATTERAL __ column to th ...
... An action potential begins on a ___UPPER MOTOR_ neurons that leaves the __FRONTAL__ lobe of the brain and passes through the ____CEREBRAL PENDUNCLES__ of the midbrain and then the __PYRAMIDS__ of the medulla oblongata where it then decussates and travels down a __ANTERIOR OR LATTERAL __ column to th ...
Microneurography
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.