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Aggregation of Sodium Channels during Development and
... camera were turned off to prevent the camera from adjusting for variations in light intensity within and between autoradiographs. A calibration curve was generated by taking pixel intensity measurements for bands obtained with known amounts of the sense strand for each probe. This curve was then aut ...
... camera were turned off to prevent the camera from adjusting for variations in light intensity within and between autoradiographs. A calibration curve was generated by taking pixel intensity measurements for bands obtained with known amounts of the sense strand for each probe. This curve was then aut ...
Neuropeptidergic Organization of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in
... the SCN, or microstimulation of the IGL, will both cause phase advances or delays depending on circadian phase. The phase response curve for the phase shifting effects of NPY are different from that caused by light [2,33,60,64]. In addition, the level of NPY in the SCN shows two peaks at the day/nig ...
... the SCN, or microstimulation of the IGL, will both cause phase advances or delays depending on circadian phase. The phase response curve for the phase shifting effects of NPY are different from that caused by light [2,33,60,64]. In addition, the level of NPY in the SCN shows two peaks at the day/nig ...
Exercise Physiology - Anderson Training Systems
... the aerobic and anaerobic systems. The literal definition of aerobic is "with oxygen" therefore, aerobic energy is energy produced in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen is delivered to working muscles (such as the heart, brain and skeletal muscles) through the heart, the lungs and cardiovascular system. ...
... the aerobic and anaerobic systems. The literal definition of aerobic is "with oxygen" therefore, aerobic energy is energy produced in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen is delivered to working muscles (such as the heart, brain and skeletal muscles) through the heart, the lungs and cardiovascular system. ...
Textbook of Physiology Practicals
... 4.1.3. Blood groups and blood types ............................................................................................................... 25 4.1.4. Blood typing ................................................................................................................................. ...
... 4.1.3. Blood groups and blood types ............................................................................................................... 25 4.1.4. Blood typing ................................................................................................................................. ...
Toward a More Biologically Plausible Model of Object
... Humans perform visual object recognition with phenomenal speed and robustness, far beyond the performance of the currently available computer vision systems. A 2-year old child easily outperforms even the most sophisticated, state-of-the-art computer vision systems in many essential visual tasks lik ...
... Humans perform visual object recognition with phenomenal speed and robustness, far beyond the performance of the currently available computer vision systems. A 2-year old child easily outperforms even the most sophisticated, state-of-the-art computer vision systems in many essential visual tasks lik ...
Slides 7.1
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
Cartesian spatial coordinates Computing reaching dynamics in
... Lukashin et al. 1996; Sanger 1996) or from neurons that encode intrinsic joint angular velocity (Mussa-Ivaldi 1988). The preferred directions (PDs) of motor cortical neurons exhibited a shoulder-centered reference frame when a few parts of the workspace were examined (Caminiti et al. 1990). In a mor ...
... Lukashin et al. 1996; Sanger 1996) or from neurons that encode intrinsic joint angular velocity (Mussa-Ivaldi 1988). The preferred directions (PDs) of motor cortical neurons exhibited a shoulder-centered reference frame when a few parts of the workspace were examined (Caminiti et al. 1990). In a mor ...
The effects of reflex path length on clonus frequency in spastic
... may manifest clonus, but only under certain conditions.' The repetitive self perpetuating movement is induced by brisk stretch of the involved muscle group, although cutaneous sensory inputs can initiate clonic movements in a susceptible limb.2 The underlying mechanism of clonus is poorly understood ...
... may manifest clonus, but only under certain conditions.' The repetitive self perpetuating movement is induced by brisk stretch of the involved muscle group, although cutaneous sensory inputs can initiate clonic movements in a susceptible limb.2 The underlying mechanism of clonus is poorly understood ...
themes - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
... the motor limb of vagally mediated reflexes. Arising from the nucleus ambiguus, vagal lower motor neurons (LMN) mediate reflexes involving striated muscles of the orad gut. LMNs provide cholinergic innervation to motor end plates that are inhibited by myenteric nitrergic neurons. Preganglionic neuro ...
... the motor limb of vagally mediated reflexes. Arising from the nucleus ambiguus, vagal lower motor neurons (LMN) mediate reflexes involving striated muscles of the orad gut. LMNs provide cholinergic innervation to motor end plates that are inhibited by myenteric nitrergic neurons. Preganglionic neuro ...
Eps homology domain endosomal transport proteins differentially
... Swiss-Prot:Q15582), which may play a role in synapse structure and maintenance. This approach of using the proteomic profile of an amplified model synapse should expedite candidate NMJ protein identification and characterization and thus help inconstructing a more complete NMJ paradigm. In the curre ...
... Swiss-Prot:Q15582), which may play a role in synapse structure and maintenance. This approach of using the proteomic profile of an amplified model synapse should expedite candidate NMJ protein identification and characterization and thus help inconstructing a more complete NMJ paradigm. In the curre ...
NMDA Receptors Contribute to Primary Visceral Afferent
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI
... that these steady state changes should typically be present in other types of stimulation (e.g., sensory drive). 2.3. Fidelity of local field potential measurements LFP measured from the laminar electrodes demonstrated a steady decline in power in response to an increase in optical stimulation frequ ...
... that these steady state changes should typically be present in other types of stimulation (e.g., sensory drive). 2.3. Fidelity of local field potential measurements LFP measured from the laminar electrodes demonstrated a steady decline in power in response to an increase in optical stimulation frequ ...
Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... Thirty-ms trains of 0.2 ms duration pulses were delivered at 300 Hz through the stimulating electrode at depths of 1,300± 1,500 m m; this depth was selected to target the large pyramidal cells in the output layer of the motor cortex. Current intensity required to evoke movement of 1± 3 whiskers unde ...
... Thirty-ms trains of 0.2 ms duration pulses were delivered at 300 Hz through the stimulating electrode at depths of 1,300± 1,500 m m; this depth was selected to target the large pyramidal cells in the output layer of the motor cortex. Current intensity required to evoke movement of 1± 3 whiskers unde ...
Hearing Physiology - Virtual Learning Environment
... and reedlike structures. The length of the basilar fibers increases progressively from the base of the cochlea to its apex. Thus, the stiff and short fibers near the oval window of the cochlea vibrate best at a high frequency, whereas the longer and supple fibers near the tip of the cochlea vibrate ...
... and reedlike structures. The length of the basilar fibers increases progressively from the base of the cochlea to its apex. Thus, the stiff and short fibers near the oval window of the cochlea vibrate best at a high frequency, whereas the longer and supple fibers near the tip of the cochlea vibrate ...
LESSON 3.4 WORKBOOK
... whether the limb was in pain prior to amputation. If the real limb was in pain prior to amputation, then there is a high chance that the phantom limb will be painful too, presumably because the brain is still expecting that pain activation. Many patients experience pain because the phantom limb seem ...
... whether the limb was in pain prior to amputation. If the real limb was in pain prior to amputation, then there is a high chance that the phantom limb will be painful too, presumably because the brain is still expecting that pain activation. Many patients experience pain because the phantom limb seem ...
Proper migration and axon outgrowth of zebrafish
... belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, have been shown to be crucial for nervous system development (Maness and Schachner, 2007). This has been demonstrated by countless in vitro assays, antibody perturbation assays as well as loss and gain of function experiments (Bingham et al., 2002). Due t ...
... belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, have been shown to be crucial for nervous system development (Maness and Schachner, 2007). This has been demonstrated by countless in vitro assays, antibody perturbation assays as well as loss and gain of function experiments (Bingham et al., 2002). Due t ...
Cnidarians and the evolutionary origin of the nervous system Review
... (Rhopalia) of cnidarians, an increasing number of examples indicating the evolutionary convergence in both nervous and sensory systems (Nishikawa 2002) make it difficult to simply compare cnidarian and bilaterian neural structures and to place the evolutionary origin of CNS as commonly discussed (Ho ...
... (Rhopalia) of cnidarians, an increasing number of examples indicating the evolutionary convergence in both nervous and sensory systems (Nishikawa 2002) make it difficult to simply compare cnidarian and bilaterian neural structures and to place the evolutionary origin of CNS as commonly discussed (Ho ...
Chapter 18: Control and Coordination
... up of bundles of sensory and motor neurons bound together by connective tissue. For this reason, a single spinal nerve can have impulses going to and from the brain at the same time. Some nerves contain only sensory neurons, and some contain only motor neurons, but most nerves contain both types of ...
... up of bundles of sensory and motor neurons bound together by connective tissue. For this reason, a single spinal nerve can have impulses going to and from the brain at the same time. Some nerves contain only sensory neurons, and some contain only motor neurons, but most nerves contain both types of ...
Feeling others` painful actions: The sensorimotor
... involved in coding sensory-tactile qualities of the objects. If this is the case, some regions should show a preference for actions involving noxious objects, irrespective of whether they are grasped (the main effect of noxious vs. innocuous objects). Second, they may also differentiate among differ ...
... involved in coding sensory-tactile qualities of the objects. If this is the case, some regions should show a preference for actions involving noxious objects, irrespective of whether they are grasped (the main effect of noxious vs. innocuous objects). Second, they may also differentiate among differ ...
A natural approach to studying vision
... Arguably, to establish the functional significance of a response property characterized with artificial stimuli, this property should be validated under natural stimulation. If a response property does not contribute to explaining the responses to natural stimuli, its functional relevance in visual ...
... Arguably, to establish the functional significance of a response property characterized with artificial stimuli, this property should be validated under natural stimulation. If a response property does not contribute to explaining the responses to natural stimuli, its functional relevance in visual ...
Sensory responses and movement-related activities in extrinsic
... extrinsic neurons are thick, often exceeding 7 lm (Mizunami et al. 1997). Second, the majority of extrinsic neurons in the pedunculus and lobes are output (eerent) neurons (Fig. 1C), although some are thought to be input (aerent) neurons (Li and Strausfeld 1997). Third, copper-impregnation often r ...
... extrinsic neurons are thick, often exceeding 7 lm (Mizunami et al. 1997). Second, the majority of extrinsic neurons in the pedunculus and lobes are output (eerent) neurons (Fig. 1C), although some are thought to be input (aerent) neurons (Li and Strausfeld 1997). Third, copper-impregnation often r ...
Eps homology domain endosomal transport proteins differentially
... Swiss-Prot:Q15582), which may play a role in synapse structure and maintenance. This approach of using the proteomic profile of an amplified model synapse should expedite candidate NMJ protein identification and characterization and thus help inconstructing a more complete NMJ paradigm. In the curre ...
... Swiss-Prot:Q15582), which may play a role in synapse structure and maintenance. This approach of using the proteomic profile of an amplified model synapse should expedite candidate NMJ protein identification and characterization and thus help inconstructing a more complete NMJ paradigm. In the curre ...
Spinal disorders
... • Narrowing of the spinal canal, cervical or lumbar • Caused by a combination of boney structures and soft tissues decreasing the diameter of the central ...
... • Narrowing of the spinal canal, cervical or lumbar • Caused by a combination of boney structures and soft tissues decreasing the diameter of the central ...
Perception of an odour that is not real
... Some fibres decussate in the anterior commisure Medial strial fibres contact the anterior olfactory nucleus and septal area Lateral striae end in the third order neurons of the olfactory cortex Third order neurons in turn send projections to Dorso-medial nucleus of thalamus ...
... Some fibres decussate in the anterior commisure Medial strial fibres contact the anterior olfactory nucleus and septal area Lateral striae end in the third order neurons of the olfactory cortex Third order neurons in turn send projections to Dorso-medial nucleus of thalamus ...
The Role of NMDA and Non-NMDA Excitatory Amino Acid
... a small chamber containing approximately 100 ~1 of ACSF surrounding the dialysis fiber was 13% of that being perfused. We presume that the delivery efficiency for CNQX was roughly equal to that for AP7. Hence, allowing for the barrier provided by the dialysis membrane, the concentration of the antag ...
... a small chamber containing approximately 100 ~1 of ACSF surrounding the dialysis fiber was 13% of that being perfused. We presume that the delivery efficiency for CNQX was roughly equal to that for AP7. Hence, allowing for the barrier provided by the dialysis membrane, the concentration of the antag ...
Microneurography
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Microneurography,_experimental_setup,_schematic.jpg?width=300)
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.