![16-2 The Sympathetic Division](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000311345_1-bf2277528f099e151293484c921fa8b6-300x300.png)
Nervous System - Warren County Schools
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse btwn. Neurons (Conductivity) Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve (electrochemical event) Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter ...
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse btwn. Neurons (Conductivity) Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve (electrochemical event) Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter ...
the premotor cortex of the monkey
... were similar, although the monkey made more small saccades in the vicinity of the target during the delay period. Changes of torque on the head-holding apparatus did not occur in association with eye movements during any phase of the trials. Cortical ...
... were similar, although the monkey made more small saccades in the vicinity of the target during the delay period. Changes of torque on the head-holding apparatus did not occur in association with eye movements during any phase of the trials. Cortical ...
Varicella Zoster
... Pain that is associated with actual physical nerve damage or irritation. More Details regarding those two types would be mentioned later. The five stages of nociception are stimulation, transmission, modulation, perception and adaptive inflammation. * Pain transmission: Different neuronal fibers tra ...
... Pain that is associated with actual physical nerve damage or irritation. More Details regarding those two types would be mentioned later. The five stages of nociception are stimulation, transmission, modulation, perception and adaptive inflammation. * Pain transmission: Different neuronal fibers tra ...
The thalamus as a monitor of motor outputs
... sending a branch to the midbrain, can be treated as a part of a sensory system on the way to the cortex, and when it is, the receptive field properties that relate to retinal coordinates, like centre-surround properties, will be studied. If, however, it is seen as an input to the midbrain, which is ...
... sending a branch to the midbrain, can be treated as a part of a sensory system on the way to the cortex, and when it is, the receptive field properties that relate to retinal coordinates, like centre-surround properties, will be studied. If, however, it is seen as an input to the midbrain, which is ...
spinal cord
... • Anterior horns contain some interneurons as well as the cell bodies of motor neurons. – These cell bodies project their axons via the ventral roots of the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles. – The amount of ventral gray matter at a given level of the spinal cord is proportional to the amount of s ...
... • Anterior horns contain some interneurons as well as the cell bodies of motor neurons. – These cell bodies project their axons via the ventral roots of the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles. – The amount of ventral gray matter at a given level of the spinal cord is proportional to the amount of s ...
Intracellular and computational evidence for a
... Although such findings offer a nice perspective to explain population recordings, they are not consistent with all of the available experimental data. In particular, in the primary visual cortex (V1), a large number of studies have demonstrated clear visual responses and selectivity of neurons to fe ...
... Although such findings offer a nice perspective to explain population recordings, they are not consistent with all of the available experimental data. In particular, in the primary visual cortex (V1), a large number of studies have demonstrated clear visual responses and selectivity of neurons to fe ...
Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Silence Neurons in Subthalamic
... that lesioning or otherwise inactivating the STN is effective in treating Parkinson’s disease symptoms (Follett 2000; Levy et al. 2001; Walter and Vitek 2004). Electrical stimulation was thus inferred to mimic a lesion by suppressing output from the STN. The functional lesion hypothesis received sup ...
... that lesioning or otherwise inactivating the STN is effective in treating Parkinson’s disease symptoms (Follett 2000; Levy et al. 2001; Walter and Vitek 2004). Electrical stimulation was thus inferred to mimic a lesion by suppressing output from the STN. The functional lesion hypothesis received sup ...
Chronic Pain
... • Descending input from the brainstem influences central nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. • Specific brainstem nuclei send projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and when activated by ascending nociceptive impulses and other influences from the brain result in descending modul ...
... • Descending input from the brainstem influences central nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. • Specific brainstem nuclei send projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and when activated by ascending nociceptive impulses and other influences from the brain result in descending modul ...
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
... to those of mirror neurons would be active during performance of a specific action, but would show additional activity when this action was guided by observation of the same action performed by another. This pattern of activity has been observed in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus in studies usi ...
... to those of mirror neurons would be active during performance of a specific action, but would show additional activity when this action was guided by observation of the same action performed by another. This pattern of activity has been observed in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus in studies usi ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... ROBERT N. S. SACHDEV,1 HEIKE SELLIEN,2 AND FORD F. EBNER3 Institute for Developmental Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University; 2Institute for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; and 3Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240 ...
... ROBERT N. S. SACHDEV,1 HEIKE SELLIEN,2 AND FORD F. EBNER3 Institute for Developmental Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University; 2Institute for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; and 3Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240 ...
Caudal Medulla
... • composed of primary sensory fibers that enter the brain mainly in the trigeminal nerve. • This tract also receives fibers that originate from cranial nerves VII, IX, and X. (5,7,9,10) • terminate on the spinal trigeminal nucleus, which, in turn, projects to the contralateral thalamus as the ventra ...
... • composed of primary sensory fibers that enter the brain mainly in the trigeminal nerve. • This tract also receives fibers that originate from cranial nerves VII, IX, and X. (5,7,9,10) • terminate on the spinal trigeminal nucleus, which, in turn, projects to the contralateral thalamus as the ventra ...
An implantable neural probe with monolithically integrated dielectric
... a region can provide information about their roles in both network functions and behavior. This goal cannot be achieved effectively by electrical stimulation since it indiscriminately stimulates neuronal processes, including somata, dendrites and axons in a complex manner [2]. Recent advances in opt ...
... a region can provide information about their roles in both network functions and behavior. This goal cannot be achieved effectively by electrical stimulation since it indiscriminately stimulates neuronal processes, including somata, dendrites and axons in a complex manner [2]. Recent advances in opt ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
... implemented over a similar period in the sympathetic pathways of conscious humans by Gunnar Wallin and his colleagues in Göteborg. While pathways to the viscera are currently too hard to study in humans because they are less accessible, the principles of their organization can be deduced from Wilfr ...
... implemented over a similar period in the sympathetic pathways of conscious humans by Gunnar Wallin and his colleagues in Göteborg. While pathways to the viscera are currently too hard to study in humans because they are less accessible, the principles of their organization can be deduced from Wilfr ...
Similarities between Severe Tinnitus and Chronic Pain
... hypotheses are supported by increasing evidence that even the adult nervous system has a large ability to reorganize itself through neural plasticity. Such reorganization may be initiated by novel input from the periphery or by absence of input. The reorganization may persist after the abnormal inpu ...
... hypotheses are supported by increasing evidence that even the adult nervous system has a large ability to reorganize itself through neural plasticity. Such reorganization may be initiated by novel input from the periphery or by absence of input. The reorganization may persist after the abnormal inpu ...
Atonia-Related Regions in the Rodent Pons and Medulla
... rodent pons and medulla. J Neurophysiol 84: 1942–1948, 2000. Electrical stimulation of circumscribed areas of the pontine and medullary reticular formation inhibits muscle tone in cats. In this report, we present an analysis of the anatomical distribution of atonia-inducing stimulation sites in the ...
... rodent pons and medulla. J Neurophysiol 84: 1942–1948, 2000. Electrical stimulation of circumscribed areas of the pontine and medullary reticular formation inhibits muscle tone in cats. In this report, we present an analysis of the anatomical distribution of atonia-inducing stimulation sites in the ...
Sliding
... the NMDAR by reducing the Mg block post then pre-> LTD: several hypothesis 1) Ca entry during the AP. Ca is not fully removed by the time synapses are activated and help to bring [Ca]i to the LTD threshold 2) Ca entry during the AP desensitizes the NMDAR so it does no reach the threshold for LTP. (c ...
... the NMDAR by reducing the Mg block post then pre-> LTD: several hypothesis 1) Ca entry during the AP. Ca is not fully removed by the time synapses are activated and help to bring [Ca]i to the LTD threshold 2) Ca entry during the AP desensitizes the NMDAR so it does no reach the threshold for LTP. (c ...
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
Neuronal Control of Mucus Secretion by Leeches: Toward a General
... more quantitative study of this effect, equalsized deganglionated sections of body wall (lateral halves, three segments long) were The mammalian gastro-intestinal tract each bathed in high Mg2+ saline to which different amounts of 5-HT had been added. The abundant serotonin of the gastroAfter 45 min ...
... more quantitative study of this effect, equalsized deganglionated sections of body wall (lateral halves, three segments long) were The mammalian gastro-intestinal tract each bathed in high Mg2+ saline to which different amounts of 5-HT had been added. The abundant serotonin of the gastroAfter 45 min ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... so the localization of perikarya may yield little specific information about the potential functional role of any subnuclei. However, it is clear that the medial, dorsomedial and commissural subnuclei are particularly strongly innervated by chemoreceptor afferents Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) ...
... so the localization of perikarya may yield little specific information about the potential functional role of any subnuclei. However, it is clear that the medial, dorsomedial and commissural subnuclei are particularly strongly innervated by chemoreceptor afferents Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) ...
Pelvis and Hip
... *Compress femoral head into acetabulum and maintain compressive force as you move hip through circular range of motion *Reproduction of pain indicates intra-articular source of pain -leg length discrepancy functional vs anatomic ...
... *Compress femoral head into acetabulum and maintain compressive force as you move hip through circular range of motion *Reproduction of pain indicates intra-articular source of pain -leg length discrepancy functional vs anatomic ...
II./2.5. The reflexes II./2.5.1. Examination of deep tendon reflexes
... asymmetrical, or when present bilaterally but other signs of corticospinal lesion are also present. Mayer’s sign: The patient’s middle finger is forcefully flexed at metacarpophalangeal joint, which normally results in the opposition of the thumb. This opposition is missing in lesion of the C6-Th1 s ...
... asymmetrical, or when present bilaterally but other signs of corticospinal lesion are also present. Mayer’s sign: The patient’s middle finger is forcefully flexed at metacarpophalangeal joint, which normally results in the opposition of the thumb. This opposition is missing in lesion of the C6-Th1 s ...
Chapter 36 Locomotion
... the neural mechanisms for walking. Instead, research on motor systems focused on the organization of spinal reflex pathways and the mechanisms of synaptic integration within the spinal cord (see Chapter 35). Modern research on the neural control of locomotion dates from the 1960s and two major exper ...
... the neural mechanisms for walking. Instead, research on motor systems focused on the organization of spinal reflex pathways and the mechanisms of synaptic integration within the spinal cord (see Chapter 35). Modern research on the neural control of locomotion dates from the 1960s and two major exper ...
Control of echolocation pulses by neurons of the nucleus ambiguus
... input signal has been demonstrated (Schuller 1977), the knowledge of the interconnection between the auditory and the vocalization system is of particular interest. To gain information about the central linkage between the two subsystems involved in echolocation, and to understand the central organi ...
... input signal has been demonstrated (Schuller 1977), the knowledge of the interconnection between the auditory and the vocalization system is of particular interest. To gain information about the central linkage between the two subsystems involved in echolocation, and to understand the central organi ...
Sample Chapter 8 from the Textbook
... action potentials from the periphery to the CNS are called sensory neurons. The motor division, or efferent (away) division, conducts action potentials from the CNS to effector organs, such as muscles and glands. The neurons that transmit action potentials from the CNS toward the periphery are calle ...
... action potentials from the periphery to the CNS are called sensory neurons. The motor division, or efferent (away) division, conducts action potentials from the CNS to effector organs, such as muscles and glands. The neurons that transmit action potentials from the CNS toward the periphery are calle ...
Microneurography
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Microneurography,_experimental_setup,_schematic.jpg?width=300)
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.