Pain in Down`s Syndrome
... transmitted via various nerve endings (polymodal nociceptors) by small-diameter A delta and C fibers. It is nevertheless difficult to ascertain whether these small-diameter fibers are involved only in nociception (specific nociceptors) or if pain causes an excessive activation of these receptors, wh ...
... transmitted via various nerve endings (polymodal nociceptors) by small-diameter A delta and C fibers. It is nevertheless difficult to ascertain whether these small-diameter fibers are involved only in nociception (specific nociceptors) or if pain causes an excessive activation of these receptors, wh ...
Nervous System - El Camino College
... nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconscious decisions follow, leading to motor functions via effectors. ...
... nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconscious decisions follow, leading to motor functions via effectors. ...
Implantable microcoils for intracortical magnetic
... resultant increase in distance to targeted neurons (11, 12). Migration of neurons away from the implant can also occur as part of the foreign body response (22), and migration distances of ~75 mm were reported even for implants that did not deliver stimulation. The increased distance to viable neuro ...
... resultant increase in distance to targeted neurons (11, 12). Migration of neurons away from the implant can also occur as part of the foreign body response (22), and migration distances of ~75 mm were reported even for implants that did not deliver stimulation. The increased distance to viable neuro ...
Neural ensemble coding and statistical periodicity: Speculations on
... located in the inferior temporal cortex. The stimulus set was based on 64 Walsh functions which can be used to represented any visual pattern. They observed that the neuron exhibited a unique response to each Walsh function, but that the response was not represented by a change in spike count alone. ...
... located in the inferior temporal cortex. The stimulus set was based on 64 Walsh functions which can be used to represented any visual pattern. They observed that the neuron exhibited a unique response to each Walsh function, but that the response was not represented by a change in spike count alone. ...
Ectodermal Placodes: Contributions to the
... give rise to the sensory neurons, and in some cases, the receptor cells of vertebrate sensory systems. There are no markers for the identification of undifferentiated placodal epithelia, but derivatives of the nasal placode, for example, are characterized by unique production of GnRH and olfactory m ...
... give rise to the sensory neurons, and in some cases, the receptor cells of vertebrate sensory systems. There are no markers for the identification of undifferentiated placodal epithelia, but derivatives of the nasal placode, for example, are characterized by unique production of GnRH and olfactory m ...
Chronic Pain Backgrounder
... WHAT IS PAIN? Pain is a process, and usually forms a valuable part of the body’s natural warning and defence system. Receptors in the skin and other tissues send impulses through the nerves to the spinal cord where they are processed. The impulses then travel to the brain. Acute pain differs from ch ...
... WHAT IS PAIN? Pain is a process, and usually forms a valuable part of the body’s natural warning and defence system. Receptors in the skin and other tissues send impulses through the nerves to the spinal cord where they are processed. The impulses then travel to the brain. Acute pain differs from ch ...
Reflexes Reaction time
... • monosynaptic: the reflex arc consists of only two neurons (one sensory neuron, and one motor neuron; monosynaptic refers to the presence of a single chemical synapse) – peripheral muscle reflexes or deep tendon reflexes (patellar reflex, achilles reflex): brief stimulation of the muscle spindle re ...
... • monosynaptic: the reflex arc consists of only two neurons (one sensory neuron, and one motor neuron; monosynaptic refers to the presence of a single chemical synapse) – peripheral muscle reflexes or deep tendon reflexes (patellar reflex, achilles reflex): brief stimulation of the muscle spindle re ...
Full Article - CIHR Research Group in Sensory
... trials for both monkeys and is consistent with a bottom-up (i.e. involuntary) bias. When the delay was increased to 650 ms, one monkey continued to show faster responses to the Invalid location whereas the other monkey showed faster responses to the Valid location, consistent with a top-down (i.e. v ...
... trials for both monkeys and is consistent with a bottom-up (i.e. involuntary) bias. When the delay was increased to 650 ms, one monkey continued to show faster responses to the Invalid location whereas the other monkey showed faster responses to the Valid location, consistent with a top-down (i.e. v ...
Dysregulation of Arousal and Amygdala
... skin conductance responses made it feasible to extract concurrent brain and arousal responses to individual face stimuli. To examine fMRI BOLD responses in relation to skin conductance responses, we first formed two subsets of fear stimuli for each subject, referred to as “with-arousal” and “without ...
... skin conductance responses made it feasible to extract concurrent brain and arousal responses to individual face stimuli. To examine fMRI BOLD responses in relation to skin conductance responses, we first formed two subsets of fear stimuli for each subject, referred to as “with-arousal” and “without ...
Predicting Activation Across Individuals with Resting
... Contribution. In this paper we extend the functional connectivity alignment proposed in [10] to “resting state” data and multi-atlas label fusion. First, we establish correspondence between cortical surface points across individuals by functional connectivity alignment. Then, we predict task activat ...
... Contribution. In this paper we extend the functional connectivity alignment proposed in [10] to “resting state” data and multi-atlas label fusion. First, we establish correspondence between cortical surface points across individuals by functional connectivity alignment. Then, we predict task activat ...
Piriformis syndrome is a neuromuscular condition that remains
... near the sacroiliac joint at vertebral levels S2 through S4. It attaches to the superior medial aspect of the greater trochanter and is innervated by spinal nerves S1 and S2. In the majority of the population, the sciatic nerve exits the greater sciatic foramen along the inferior surface of the piri ...
... near the sacroiliac joint at vertebral levels S2 through S4. It attaches to the superior medial aspect of the greater trochanter and is innervated by spinal nerves S1 and S2. In the majority of the population, the sciatic nerve exits the greater sciatic foramen along the inferior surface of the piri ...
Autonomic Nervous System IV
... • Unilateral SENSORY damage – pupillary response lost in BOTH eyes when light shone into damaged eye; – pupillary response normal in both eyes when the light is shone into the unaffected eye ...
... • Unilateral SENSORY damage – pupillary response lost in BOTH eyes when light shone into damaged eye; – pupillary response normal in both eyes when the light is shone into the unaffected eye ...
Control of Respiration - ADAM Interactive Anatomy
... 7. (Page 3.) How is homeostasis of PCO2, PO2 and pH maintained? 8. (Page 4.) Label the first diagram on p. 4. 9. (Page 4.) Where, within the brainstem, is the respiratory center that controls the basic rhythm of breathing? 10. (Page 4.) Where, within the brainstem, are the inspiratory neurons? 11. ( ...
... 7. (Page 3.) How is homeostasis of PCO2, PO2 and pH maintained? 8. (Page 4.) Label the first diagram on p. 4. 9. (Page 4.) Where, within the brainstem, is the respiratory center that controls the basic rhythm of breathing? 10. (Page 4.) Where, within the brainstem, are the inspiratory neurons? 11. ( ...
_ch_16_AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... • Innervates digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs of pelvic cavity ...
... • Innervates digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs of pelvic cavity ...
Anatomy and physiology of the esophageal body
... Esophageal submucosa contains glands (esophageal submucosal glands), although numbers are fewer than that observed in the rest of the gut. The esophageal muscularis propria is composed of a circular muscle layer that is surrounded by a longitudinal muscle layer. The proximal esophagus (cervical esop ...
... Esophageal submucosa contains glands (esophageal submucosal glands), although numbers are fewer than that observed in the rest of the gut. The esophageal muscularis propria is composed of a circular muscle layer that is surrounded by a longitudinal muscle layer. The proximal esophagus (cervical esop ...
1From neuronal activity to scalp potential fields - Assets
... scale. This property thus prevents the fields due to individual spikes becoming potentially measurable as “far fields” in the EEG, i.e. at the scalp, which is at least 2 cm away from brain tissue. Also, the short spike duration makes summation in time less likely. As a consequence, individual spikes ...
... scale. This property thus prevents the fields due to individual spikes becoming potentially measurable as “far fields” in the EEG, i.e. at the scalp, which is at least 2 cm away from brain tissue. Also, the short spike duration makes summation in time less likely. As a consequence, individual spikes ...
Olfactory System Anatomy
... consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. Periglomerular cells contact multiple mitral cell dendrites within the glomeruli and provide lateral inhibition of neighboring glomeruli while allowing excitation of a specific mitral cel ...
... consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. Periglomerular cells contact multiple mitral cell dendrites within the glomeruli and provide lateral inhibition of neighboring glomeruli while allowing excitation of a specific mitral cel ...
Motor Cortex Stimulation for Refractory Benign Pain
... American centers. The results of the main series are summarized below. A series of 32 patients with chronic pain (mean duration, 7.8 yr) was reported by the Creteil group in three main publications.18 –20 Follow-up ranged significantly (3–50 mo). The authors indicate a switch in image-guidance metho ...
... American centers. The results of the main series are summarized below. A series of 32 patients with chronic pain (mean duration, 7.8 yr) was reported by the Creteil group in three main publications.18 –20 Follow-up ranged significantly (3–50 mo). The authors indicate a switch in image-guidance metho ...
A Case of Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia with Transient Rotatory
... abducting nystagmus and is often called internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO).1 The interneurons of the MLF are intermixed with the abducens neurons in the sixth-nerve nucleus, which lies dorsally in the pons near the genu of the seventh cranial nerve. A lesion in the facial colliculus produces a combi ...
... abducting nystagmus and is often called internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO).1 The interneurons of the MLF are intermixed with the abducens neurons in the sixth-nerve nucleus, which lies dorsally in the pons near the genu of the seventh cranial nerve. A lesion in the facial colliculus produces a combi ...
Cervical Spine - continuing
... Passive: vertebral bodies, facets joints and capsules, spinal ligaments and passive tension from spinal mm and tendons. Stabilizes in elastic zone and limits neutral zone Active: mm and tendons that generate forces required to stabilize spine in response to changing loads. Controls motion in and ...
... Passive: vertebral bodies, facets joints and capsules, spinal ligaments and passive tension from spinal mm and tendons. Stabilizes in elastic zone and limits neutral zone Active: mm and tendons that generate forces required to stabilize spine in response to changing loads. Controls motion in and ...
Cervical Vertebrae Overview Cervical Vertebrae - continuing
... ligaments and passive tension from spinal mm and tendons. Stabilizes in elastic zone and limits neutral zone A ti ...
... ligaments and passive tension from spinal mm and tendons. Stabilizes in elastic zone and limits neutral zone A ti ...
Somatic motor pathways
... Perception is the conscious interpretation of sensations performed mainly by the cerebral cortex. ...
... Perception is the conscious interpretation of sensations performed mainly by the cerebral cortex. ...
SWOLLEN OPTIC DISC
... of cases of MS. About 35% to 75 % of patients who present with ON go on to develop clinical MS. Although long term studies from the Asian population are not available, the risk of progression to clinical MS appears to be low. The risk of developing MS increases steadily during the first 10 years af ...
... of cases of MS. About 35% to 75 % of patients who present with ON go on to develop clinical MS. Although long term studies from the Asian population are not available, the risk of progression to clinical MS appears to be low. The risk of developing MS increases steadily during the first 10 years af ...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... a visible reaction, it leads to the increase of convulsive readiness of the brain. With the passage of time on the same subliminal exposure to the animal responds already cramps (the phenomenon of "swing" or kindling). In everyday life, there are many long-term stressors, nevrozogennye factors, occu ...
... a visible reaction, it leads to the increase of convulsive readiness of the brain. With the passage of time on the same subliminal exposure to the animal responds already cramps (the phenomenon of "swing" or kindling). In everyday life, there are many long-term stressors, nevrozogennye factors, occu ...
Nat Methods 6:219-224 - University of British Columbia
... LBM (Fig. 4), the positions and sizes of motor maps were generally in agreement. In this combined ICMS and LBM experiment we performed 26 penetrations to map the motor cortex, completing the ICMS map in approximately 1 h. In the same amount of time, we could map more than 3,000 points using LBM. Giv ...
... LBM (Fig. 4), the positions and sizes of motor maps were generally in agreement. In this combined ICMS and LBM experiment we performed 26 penetrations to map the motor cortex, completing the ICMS map in approximately 1 h. In the same amount of time, we could map more than 3,000 points using LBM. Giv ...
Microneurography
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.