A Stereoscopic Look at Visual Cortex
... The second difference has to do with correlated versus anticorrelated random-dot stereograms [random arrays of dots that look unstructured when viewed monocularly, but yield disparity-defined structure under binocular inspection (Julesz 1971)]. With random-dot stereograms (RDSs), the task of correct ...
... The second difference has to do with correlated versus anticorrelated random-dot stereograms [random arrays of dots that look unstructured when viewed monocularly, but yield disparity-defined structure under binocular inspection (Julesz 1971)]. With random-dot stereograms (RDSs), the task of correct ...
The Biological Bases of Time-to
... suggested that the LGMD post-synaptically multiplies an excitatory and inhibitory input via two different parts of LGMD neuron’s dendritic tree. In order to provide evidence in support of this model these authors (Gabbiani et al., 2002) have selectively activated and deactivated pre-and post synapti ...
... suggested that the LGMD post-synaptically multiplies an excitatory and inhibitory input via two different parts of LGMD neuron’s dendritic tree. In order to provide evidence in support of this model these authors (Gabbiani et al., 2002) have selectively activated and deactivated pre-and post synapti ...
1 Spiking Neurons
... This definition of rate has been successfully used in many preparations, particularly in experiments on sensory or motor systems. A classical example is the stretch receptor in a muscle spindle [Adrian, 1926]. The number of spikes emitted by the receptor neuron increases with the force applied to th ...
... This definition of rate has been successfully used in many preparations, particularly in experiments on sensory or motor systems. A classical example is the stretch receptor in a muscle spindle [Adrian, 1926]. The number of spikes emitted by the receptor neuron increases with the force applied to th ...
Do cortical areas emerge from a protocottex?
... Early events in cortical development A discussion of differentiation of the areas of the neocortex should include the early stages of cortical development. Cortical neurons are generated in the neuroepithelium of the lateral ventricle. They migrate away from this site along the processes of radial g ...
... Early events in cortical development A discussion of differentiation of the areas of the neocortex should include the early stages of cortical development. Cortical neurons are generated in the neuroepithelium of the lateral ventricle. They migrate away from this site along the processes of radial g ...
Asynchronous state
... large fluctuations in the excitatory and inhibitory currents occur simultaneously and cancel, leading to a significant reduction in the correlation of the total synaptic currents c and output spikes. ...
... large fluctuations in the excitatory and inhibitory currents occur simultaneously and cancel, leading to a significant reduction in the correlation of the total synaptic currents c and output spikes. ...
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway
... Disinhibiting the branches targeted by one pathway can selectively open the gate for this pathway while keeping the gates closed for other pathways (Fig. 2d). When a gate is open, the neuron’s output firing rate transmits the stimulus selectivity of the corresponding input pathway most effectively (F ...
... Disinhibiting the branches targeted by one pathway can selectively open the gate for this pathway while keeping the gates closed for other pathways (Fig. 2d). When a gate is open, the neuron’s output firing rate transmits the stimulus selectivity of the corresponding input pathway most effectively (F ...
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of
... 212 M. Liguz-Lecznar and J. Skangiel-Kramska 2003) and each isoform is associated with distinct endophilins, the proteins regulating synaptic vesicle formation and trafficking (De Gois et al. 2006). Unexpectedly, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNA and protein were found in some isolated dopaminergic neurons (D ...
... 212 M. Liguz-Lecznar and J. Skangiel-Kramska 2003) and each isoform is associated with distinct endophilins, the proteins regulating synaptic vesicle formation and trafficking (De Gois et al. 2006). Unexpectedly, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNA and protein were found in some isolated dopaminergic neurons (D ...
Glial heterogeneity: the increasing complexity of the brain
... Indeed, numerous examples of glial heterogeneity exist. This is especially conspicuous in the morphological specialization of astrocytes (. Fig. 2). In some regions such as the cerebellar cortex and the retina, they exhibit a radial orientation. In contrast, astrocytes in the cortex or hippocampus ...
... Indeed, numerous examples of glial heterogeneity exist. This is especially conspicuous in the morphological specialization of astrocytes (. Fig. 2). In some regions such as the cerebellar cortex and the retina, they exhibit a radial orientation. In contrast, astrocytes in the cortex or hippocampus ...
BRAIN DYNAMICS AT MULTIPLE SCALES: CAN ONE RECONCILE
... Dynamics in Brain Activity The above results are consistent with the idea that awake brain activity may be associated with high-dimensional dynamics, perhaps analogous to a stochastic system. To further investigate this aspect, we have examined data from animal experiments in which both microscopic ...
... Dynamics in Brain Activity The above results are consistent with the idea that awake brain activity may be associated with high-dimensional dynamics, perhaps analogous to a stochastic system. To further investigate this aspect, we have examined data from animal experiments in which both microscopic ...
A simulation of parahippocampal and hippocampal structures guiding spatial navigation of
... 1992; Quirk et al., 1992; Frank et al., 2002) and in anesthetized animals (Alonso and GarciaAustt, 1987). They could also be due to changes in the magnitude of synaptic transmission due to modulation of synaptic transmission. For example, activation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors ha ...
... 1992; Quirk et al., 1992; Frank et al., 2002) and in anesthetized animals (Alonso and GarciaAustt, 1987). They could also be due to changes in the magnitude of synaptic transmission due to modulation of synaptic transmission. For example, activation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors ha ...
Visual Motion Perception using Critical Branching Neural Computation
... and the assignment of f(si) is switched for excitatory versus inhibitory neurons. In essence, the critical branching algorithm potentiates synapses when too few descendant spikes occur, and depotentiates when too many occur. Spikes are time-weighted because effects of ancestor spikes on descendant n ...
... and the assignment of f(si) is switched for excitatory versus inhibitory neurons. In essence, the critical branching algorithm potentiates synapses when too few descendant spikes occur, and depotentiates when too many occur. Spikes are time-weighted because effects of ancestor spikes on descendant n ...
PDF-document - homepage.ruhr-uni
... attenuated and reappeared with the second push phase at the peripheral target. The activity was attenuated again in the third arm movement phase back to the start position, and low spontaneous or no activity prevailed until the first push phase of the next trial. The time course of somatosensory-mot ...
... attenuated and reappeared with the second push phase at the peripheral target. The activity was attenuated again in the third arm movement phase back to the start position, and low spontaneous or no activity prevailed until the first push phase of the next trial. The time course of somatosensory-mot ...
Got diversity? Wiring the fly brain with Dscam
... These isoforms include 19 008 different ectodomains joined to one of two alternative transmembrane segments. Each ectodomain comprises a unique combination of three variable immunoglobulin domains. Biochemical studies support a model in which each isoform preferentially binds to the same isoform on ...
... These isoforms include 19 008 different ectodomains joined to one of two alternative transmembrane segments. Each ectodomain comprises a unique combination of three variable immunoglobulin domains. Biochemical studies support a model in which each isoform preferentially binds to the same isoform on ...
EXERCISE TRAINING AND SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... of physical activity dependent plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Of particular interest are functional improvements, such as those reported for memory and cognition,35–39 that are associated with changes in the number, structure and function of neurons.35,40 Recent studies indicate tha ...
... of physical activity dependent plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Of particular interest are functional improvements, such as those reported for memory and cognition,35–39 that are associated with changes in the number, structure and function of neurons.35,40 Recent studies indicate tha ...
Avian brains and a new understanding of
... With these challenges to the classical view of the subpallial relationships among birds, reptiles and mammals came challenges to the classical view of the relationships among their pallia. The mammalian pallium includes the areas known as palaeocortex, archicortex and neocortex; and has been said, m ...
... With these challenges to the classical view of the subpallial relationships among birds, reptiles and mammals came challenges to the classical view of the relationships among their pallia. The mammalian pallium includes the areas known as palaeocortex, archicortex and neocortex; and has been said, m ...
Lack of response suppression follows repeated ventral tegmental
... firing rate. The increases in firing rate and the time to return to basal firing were not significantly different between exposures. Furthermore, the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A completely prevented the HU210-induced excitation whilst having no effect on its own, thus indicating a CB1-receptor ...
... firing rate. The increases in firing rate and the time to return to basal firing were not significantly different between exposures. Furthermore, the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A completely prevented the HU210-induced excitation whilst having no effect on its own, thus indicating a CB1-receptor ...
A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in
... part of the net. The second concerns learning, in which activities concurrent at some previous time have altered the net permanently, so that a stimulus which would previously have been inadequate is now adequate. But for nets undergoing both alterations, we can substitute equivalent fictitious nets ...
... part of the net. The second concerns learning, in which activities concurrent at some previous time have altered the net permanently, so that a stimulus which would previously have been inadequate is now adequate. But for nets undergoing both alterations, we can substitute equivalent fictitious nets ...
A Brief Overview of Molecular Mechanisms of Depression and its
... metabolic pathways, revealing that depression may be a much more fundamental disturbance in physical function than previously assumed. This paper focuses on some of the current research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying depression and the action of its treatments. ETIOLOGY ...
... metabolic pathways, revealing that depression may be a much more fundamental disturbance in physical function than previously assumed. This paper focuses on some of the current research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying depression and the action of its treatments. ETIOLOGY ...
Neuroscience Newsletter, May 2015 - MSc/PhD/MD
... of cytoplasmic channels within the growing myelin sheath enables membrane trafficking to the leading edge. Most of these channels close during development but can be reopened in adults by experimentally raising phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate levels, which reinitiates myelin growth. In add ...
... of cytoplasmic channels within the growing myelin sheath enables membrane trafficking to the leading edge. Most of these channels close during development but can be reopened in adults by experimentally raising phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate levels, which reinitiates myelin growth. In add ...
Brain-implantable biomimetic electronics as the next era in neural
... The computational properties of the prosthetic being developed are based on the hippocampus, a cortical region of the brain involved in the formation of new long-term memories. The hippocampus lies beneath the phylogenetically more recent neocortex, and is composed of several different subsystems th ...
... The computational properties of the prosthetic being developed are based on the hippocampus, a cortical region of the brain involved in the formation of new long-term memories. The hippocampus lies beneath the phylogenetically more recent neocortex, and is composed of several different subsystems th ...
Further Cognitive Science
... But a correlation is a relationship between two different things and hence is inconsistent with Crick’s eliminativism; ...
... But a correlation is a relationship between two different things and hence is inconsistent with Crick’s eliminativism; ...
Cover page
... Our laboratory seeks to understand how the needs of the body determine which sensory cues are attended to, learned, and remembered. In particular, we are investigating how natural and experimentally induced states of hunger modulate neural representations of food cues, and the consequences for obesi ...
... Our laboratory seeks to understand how the needs of the body determine which sensory cues are attended to, learned, and remembered. In particular, we are investigating how natural and experimentally induced states of hunger modulate neural representations of food cues, and the consequences for obesi ...