“Conscious” Dorsal Stream
... The cortical circuit formed by area F4, which occupies the posterior sector of the ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey, and area VIP (Colby et al. 1993), which occupies the fundus of the intraparietal sulcus, is involved in the organization of head and arm actions in space. Single neuron s ...
... The cortical circuit formed by area F4, which occupies the posterior sector of the ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey, and area VIP (Colby et al. 1993), which occupies the fundus of the intraparietal sulcus, is involved in the organization of head and arm actions in space. Single neuron s ...
Synaptic Competition during the Reformation of a Neuromuscular Map
... 12–17 mM or by stretching the muscle. Intracellular recordings were made from muscle fibers of sectors II and III. Sector I was not systematically studied because the nerve crushes above this sector did not consistently denervate all the fibers in sector I. Recording and anal ysis of end plate poten ...
... 12–17 mM or by stretching the muscle. Intracellular recordings were made from muscle fibers of sectors II and III. Sector I was not systematically studied because the nerve crushes above this sector did not consistently denervate all the fibers in sector I. Recording and anal ysis of end plate poten ...
category 1
... Mainly involved in analysis and processing information sequentially Right Hemisphere Tasks – global view Can produce only basic speech and numbers Deals with objects in space, recognizing patterns, faces, and melodies, putting together a puzzle and drawing a picture, some mathematical reasoning Help ...
... Mainly involved in analysis and processing information sequentially Right Hemisphere Tasks – global view Can produce only basic speech and numbers Deals with objects in space, recognizing patterns, faces, and melodies, putting together a puzzle and drawing a picture, some mathematical reasoning Help ...
Neural correlates of consciousness: A definition of the dorsal and
... Ventral/dorsal stream boundaries Several visual areas assigned to the dorsal stream by most current descriptions of the visual hierarchy appear to have connections with the ventral stream as illustrated by the middle temporal (MT) and superior temporal polysensory (STP) [22,23]. The projections to t ...
... Ventral/dorsal stream boundaries Several visual areas assigned to the dorsal stream by most current descriptions of the visual hierarchy appear to have connections with the ventral stream as illustrated by the middle temporal (MT) and superior temporal polysensory (STP) [22,23]. The projections to t ...
Hypothesizing that, A Pro-Dopamine Regulator (KB220Z) Should
... and pathophysiological changes classically recognized as ‘dopaminergic’ innervation from the VTA [13]. It is now believed that dopamine alone does not produce great changes in MSN current, but potentiates or impedes the volume of glutamate to depolarize neurons. Several of these intracellular method ...
... and pathophysiological changes classically recognized as ‘dopaminergic’ innervation from the VTA [13]. It is now believed that dopamine alone does not produce great changes in MSN current, but potentiates or impedes the volume of glutamate to depolarize neurons. Several of these intracellular method ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... (Fig. 2d, e) and displayed both excitatory (5 of 12 neurons) and inhibitory (2 of 12 neurons) CS responses (Fig. 2d, e). Morphological reconstruction of neurobiotin-filled neurons revealed that the axons of both subtypes arborize locally within CEl, and send collaterals to CEm (Fig. 2d, e). To test ...
... (Fig. 2d, e) and displayed both excitatory (5 of 12 neurons) and inhibitory (2 of 12 neurons) CS responses (Fig. 2d, e). Morphological reconstruction of neurobiotin-filled neurons revealed that the axons of both subtypes arborize locally within CEl, and send collaterals to CEm (Fig. 2d, e). To test ...
LESSON 5.2 WORKBOOK How do drugs alter synaptic transmis-
... Nicotine is extremely addictive; many people continue to smoke even when their health is seriously affected. Although tobacco companies and others with vested interests have tried to argue that smoking is a “habit” rather than an “addiction”, it is clear that people who regularly use tobacco behave ...
... Nicotine is extremely addictive; many people continue to smoke even when their health is seriously affected. Although tobacco companies and others with vested interests have tried to argue that smoking is a “habit” rather than an “addiction”, it is clear that people who regularly use tobacco behave ...
Simulation of signal flow in 3D reconstructions of an anatomically
... the respective density value is used to place neuron somata accordingly. According to the number and location of cell types within the network, each soma is assigned to a respective cell type (Fig. 2(b)). In areas where somata of several cell types intermingle, the supplied overlap ratios are satisf ...
... the respective density value is used to place neuron somata accordingly. According to the number and location of cell types within the network, each soma is assigned to a respective cell type (Fig. 2(b)). In areas where somata of several cell types intermingle, the supplied overlap ratios are satisf ...
Control of movement direction - Cognitive Science Research Group
... Further studies of the cortical encoding of motion direction suggest that directional information can also be contained in the synchronous activity of the motor neurons (Hatsopoulos et al., 1998). Hatsopoulos and colleagues have shown that significant synchrony between directionally tuned neurons oc ...
... Further studies of the cortical encoding of motion direction suggest that directional information can also be contained in the synchronous activity of the motor neurons (Hatsopoulos et al., 1998). Hatsopoulos and colleagues have shown that significant synchrony between directionally tuned neurons oc ...
The stress-coping (mis)match hypothesis for nature×nurture
... this environment-driven variability is mediated by genotype. Rather, it is their view that experience can shape plasticity, and that a ‘fit’ between the person and his/her environment determines ‘for-better-and-for-worse’ outcomes. This evolutionary grounded view relates to the ‘environmental mismat ...
... this environment-driven variability is mediated by genotype. Rather, it is their view that experience can shape plasticity, and that a ‘fit’ between the person and his/her environment determines ‘for-better-and-for-worse’ outcomes. This evolutionary grounded view relates to the ‘environmental mismat ...
Neurons and Neurotransmission with Nerve slides
... energy into action potentials that the nervous system can process •Receptor cells in the eye turn light into a neural impulse the brain understands. ...
... energy into action potentials that the nervous system can process •Receptor cells in the eye turn light into a neural impulse the brain understands. ...
Predicting Spiking Activities in DLS Neurons with Linear
... Figure 3: The Top Principal Components of the Linear Coefficients The current study identified subpopulations of neurons that primarily correlate with different feature modalities. The proportion of neurons that are identified to be correlated with head position history is higher (32 out of 47) when ...
... Figure 3: The Top Principal Components of the Linear Coefficients The current study identified subpopulations of neurons that primarily correlate with different feature modalities. The proportion of neurons that are identified to be correlated with head position history is higher (32 out of 47) when ...
A lineage-related reciprocal inhibition circuitry for sensory
... or how they integrate sensory information for motor actions. Here, we show that paired embryonic neuroblasts generate central complex ring neurons that mediate sensory-motor transformation and action selection in Drosophila. Lineage analysis resolves four ring neuron subtypes, R1-R4, that form GABAe ...
... or how they integrate sensory information for motor actions. Here, we show that paired embryonic neuroblasts generate central complex ring neurons that mediate sensory-motor transformation and action selection in Drosophila. Lineage analysis resolves four ring neuron subtypes, R1-R4, that form GABAe ...
Kandel chs. 17, 18 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... involved in hitting the ball, but it is involved in recording in memory all of the details of the point so that the player can brag about it later. In fact, many other brain regions are also active during this simple behavior. The common sense notion that only a fraction of the brain is used at any ...
... involved in hitting the ball, but it is involved in recording in memory all of the details of the point so that the player can brag about it later. In fact, many other brain regions are also active during this simple behavior. The common sense notion that only a fraction of the brain is used at any ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS
... memory for complex spatiotemporal trajectories (Fig. 1B). For example, the 8-arm radial maze task requires that rats visit 8 different arms without making an error by repeating an arm entry, and the number of arm re-entries is increased by fornix lesions [87,131]. The rat could avoid the error of re ...
... memory for complex spatiotemporal trajectories (Fig. 1B). For example, the 8-arm radial maze task requires that rats visit 8 different arms without making an error by repeating an arm entry, and the number of arm re-entries is increased by fornix lesions [87,131]. The rat could avoid the error of re ...
A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Finally, cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain project to IT cortex (Mesulam et al 1983). This suggests that acetylcholine can modulate the responses of IT neurons. Cholinergic agonis ...
... response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Finally, cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain project to IT cortex (Mesulam et al 1983). This suggests that acetylcholine can modulate the responses of IT neurons. Cholinergic agonis ...
The aging brain: The cognitive reserve hypothesis
... of skeletal individuals, and other issues. More critically, the age structures of populations are influenced by a wide variety of factors and thus it would be virtually impossible to discern a specific effect of longevity on inclusive fitness based on paleodemographic data. A high representation of ...
... of skeletal individuals, and other issues. More critically, the age structures of populations are influenced by a wide variety of factors and thus it would be virtually impossible to discern a specific effect of longevity on inclusive fitness based on paleodemographic data. A high representation of ...
Region-specific effects of hypothyroidism on the relative expression
... The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in the circulating thyroid hormone (TH) and brain synaptosomal TH content affected the relative levels of mRNA encoding different thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms in adult rat brain. Northern analysis of polyA+ RNA from cerebral cortex, hi ...
... The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in the circulating thyroid hormone (TH) and brain synaptosomal TH content affected the relative levels of mRNA encoding different thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms in adult rat brain. Northern analysis of polyA+ RNA from cerebral cortex, hi ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium, and 2) neural crest cells that give origin to the structural elements o ...
... The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium, and 2) neural crest cells that give origin to the structural elements o ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium, and 2) neural crest cells that give origin to the structural elements o ...
... The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium, and 2) neural crest cells that give origin to the structural elements o ...
Components of Decision-Making
... Baimel, C. and S. L. Borgland (2015). "Orexin signaling in the VTA gates morphine-induced synaptic plasticity." The journal of neuroscience 35(18): 7295-7303. Balleine, B. W., et al. (2007). "The role of the dorsal striatum in reward and decision-making." The journal of neuroscience 27(31): 8161-816 ...
... Baimel, C. and S. L. Borgland (2015). "Orexin signaling in the VTA gates morphine-induced synaptic plasticity." The journal of neuroscience 35(18): 7295-7303. Balleine, B. W., et al. (2007). "The role of the dorsal striatum in reward and decision-making." The journal of neuroscience 27(31): 8161-816 ...
How do Migraines Happen
... are affected in sequence as the “storm” crosses them. The dark spots that patients experience after the bright hallucinations are consistent with neuronal inhibition in the regions of the visual cortex that have just experienced the hyperexcitability. Genetic studies have offered a clue to why corti ...
... are affected in sequence as the “storm” crosses them. The dark spots that patients experience after the bright hallucinations are consistent with neuronal inhibition in the regions of the visual cortex that have just experienced the hyperexcitability. Genetic studies have offered a clue to why corti ...
Role of neurons and glia in the CNS actions of the renin
... themselves lack AT1aR expression, they are situated in close proximity to AT1aR-containing neurons. These cells are, therefore, positioned to interact intimately with one another. Importantly these highly specific and sensitive in situ hybridization and genetic techniques for the localization of ANG ...
... themselves lack AT1aR expression, they are situated in close proximity to AT1aR-containing neurons. These cells are, therefore, positioned to interact intimately with one another. Importantly these highly specific and sensitive in situ hybridization and genetic techniques for the localization of ANG ...
Alterations of Mitochondria and Golgi Apparatus Are
... might play an important role in impairing mitochondrial dynamics [39]. During AD processes accumulation of APP occurs mostly in the mitochondrial import channels, inducing mito‐ chondrial functional impairment [40]. APP could not be processed to generate Aβ peptide locally [41] although a fraction o ...
... might play an important role in impairing mitochondrial dynamics [39]. During AD processes accumulation of APP occurs mostly in the mitochondrial import channels, inducing mito‐ chondrial functional impairment [40]. APP could not be processed to generate Aβ peptide locally [41] although a fraction o ...
Network structure underlying resolution of conflicting non
... each fMRI signal was defined as an averaged value in a 4 mm-radius sphere in each region (Morishima et al., 2010). Each psychological factor was defined as a regressor contrasting V resolution trials and NV resolution trials. For example, PPIs among V regions and V&NV regions were calculated as enha ...
... each fMRI signal was defined as an averaged value in a 4 mm-radius sphere in each region (Morishima et al., 2010). Each psychological factor was defined as a regressor contrasting V resolution trials and NV resolution trials. For example, PPIs among V regions and V&NV regions were calculated as enha ...